伊万柴可夫斯基以太坊
『壹』 柴可夫斯基是哪国人
俄国人
1871年夏天,作曲家柴可夫斯基去乌克兰卡明加渡假,拜访了居住在那里的妹妹。做为舅舅,他根据德国作家莫采伊斯的妖精故事《天鹅池》,为可爱的外甥们谱写了一部家庭用的独幕芭蕾曲。1875年8月,莫斯科帝国剧院总裁格里采尔与剧作家皮盖切夫合作编写了大型舞剧《天鹅湖》的台本,并以八百卢布的报酬委托柴可夫斯基为之作曲。早就希望能在舞剧领域里进行尝试的柴可夫斯基,就以四年前所写的这部短篇芭蕾音乐为基础,又融合进1869年所创作的歌剧《女水神》的音乐,于次年4月完成了全部谱曲工作,全剧共分四幕二十九曲。不久,《天鹅湖》由德国人列津格尔编导,在莫斯科正式公演,略波夫担任乐队指挥。遗憾的是他们对于柴可夫斯基的创新感到无所适从,在演出中不按原谱,任意加进普尼等其他作曲家的音乐。特别是因为编导的平庸,竟然给扮演天鹅的女演员双臂绑上细木棍,让他们仿效飞禽翅膀,终于导致首演的全面失败,只演了几场就中止了。性格内向的柴可夫斯基,把演出的失败归结于自己的音乐,一直打算重新修改《天鹅湖》音乐,但未及动手就与世知辞了。
1894年,彼德堡马林斯基剧院首席编导马留斯·彼季帕在其助手列弗·伊万诺夫的协同下,为柴可夫斯基逝世一周年举行纪念公演时,首先把《天鹅湖》二幕重新搬上了舞台。然后又由彼季帕编导一、三幕,伊万诺夫编导二、四幕,于1895年1月27日在彼德堡上演全剧。他们在指挥德里果的协助下,对舞剧谱进行了必要的增删和次序上的调整。在编舞上进行了种种革新,为突出奥杰塔与奥吉丽雅善与恶的鲜明对比,赋予了他们不同的性格和节奏。当时担任女主角的演员皮埃丽娜·莱格那妮,以细腻的感觉,轻盈的舞姿、完备的技巧创造性的体现了编导的意图,据说在第三幕里天鹅独舞中,一口气做了三十二个Fouette(单腿旋转),首次完成了这一芭蕾舞演员的绝技。《天鹅湖》的重演获得了巨大成功,达到了古典浪漫主义舞剧的光辉顶点。进入二十世纪,随着芭蕾艺术在全世界的推广,《天鹅湖》已成为各国芭蕾舞团演出最多的古典芭蕾舞剧,并出现了不同的版本,中国现有的五个专业芭蕾舞团都将《天鹅湖》作为经常演出的保留剧目,成为中国人民最熟知的、也是最喜爱的芭蕾舞剧。芭蕾舞爱好者大多数都是从《天鹅湖》开始感受芭蕾的魅力的,将于12月12日至明年1月20日举办的首届北京国际舞蹈演出季中,就将有四个版本的《天鹅湖》演出,分别是来自中央芭蕾舞团、俄罗斯全明星节庆芭蕾舞团、白俄罗斯国家大剧院芭蕾舞团以及古巴国家芭蕾舞团。 熊熊ooO/kel 2008-06-29 18:33 检举
生平 1840年5月7日柴科夫斯基出生在维亚特卡省卡姆斯克-沃特金斯克附近的村庄。父亲是一位矿业工程师,1848年迁家至圣彼得堡。1850年,柴科夫斯基入圣彼得堡法律学校学习,并选修音乐课,师从Т.И.菲利波夫学习钢琴。1859年从法律学校毕业,进入司法部任职,同时钻研音乐。1861年入俄罗斯音乐协会的音乐班学习。1862年在音乐学习班的基础上成立了俄国第1所高等音乐学校──圣彼得堡音乐学院(今列宁格勒音乐学院),柴科夫斯基成为该校第1批学生,在Н.И.扎连芭指导下学习和声与复调,在А.Г.鲁宾斯坦的指导下学习配器和作曲。由于司法部的职务与学习音乐之间的矛盾,柴科夫斯基几经考虑,于1863年毅然辞去司法部的工作而完全献身于音乐事业。1865年,柴科夫斯基以优异成绩毕业于圣彼得堡音乐学院,毕业作品为康塔塔《欢乐颂》(J.C.F.席勒诗),获得银牌奖。同年应Н.Г.鲁宾斯坦之邀,柴科夫斯基来到莫斯科,任教于新成立的莫斯科音乐学院,并开始了紧张的创作活动。约10年时间,柴科夫斯基写下了许多早期名作,其中包括3部交响曲钢琴协奏曲、歌剧、舞剧、管弦乐序曲、室内重奏等。由于教学任务繁重,柴科夫斯基为自己不能以全部精力投入创作而苦恼。但为了经济来源,他又不得不继续担任教学工作。1877年7月柴科夫斯基和А.И.米柳科娃结婚。这是一个不幸的婚姻,柴科夫斯基为此极为痛苦,不久即离异。创作与教学工作的矛盾和婚姻带来的不幸,使柴科夫斯基精神负担沉重。1876年,柴科夫斯基与梅克夫人建立了通讯友谊,这给柴科夫斯基以极大的精神安慰。梅克夫人是一位颇有文化教养的富孀,非常喜爱柴科夫斯基的作品。两人在频繁的通信中建立了深厚的友谊。梅克夫人从1877年开始,每年给予柴科夫斯基以优厚的经济资助,使柴科夫斯基有可能辞去音乐学院的教职,把自己的全部精力投入创作。从1877年到他去世的10多年间,是柴科夫斯基在创作上获得辉煌成就的时期。他的第4、第5、第6交响曲以及标题交响曲《曼弗雷德》,歌剧《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》《玛捷帕》《黑桃皇后》《伊奥兰特》,舞剧《睡美人》《胡桃夹子》,以及《小提琴协奏曲》《意大利随想曲》《1812序曲》以及许多浪漫曲等,都是这一时期的名作。
柴科夫斯基一生中曾多次去西欧旅行,并于1891年赴美国指挥演奏自己的作品。1893年5月,柴科夫斯基接受了英国剑桥大学授予的名誉博士学位,10月28日在圣彼得堡亲自指挥其《第六交响曲》的首次演出,11月6日由于霍乱症逝世(另一说是因自杀而死)。
『贰』 谁知道1812年序曲的赏析,越详细越好,还有柴可夫斯基创作这曲子的感想和背景,急!!!越具体越好!!!
一、《1812》序曲的创作背景
柴可夫斯基在1880年写的《1812》序曲,全名为《用于莫斯科救主基督大教堂的落成典礼,为大乐队而作的1812年庄严序曲》。够长吧!如果你去唱片店买碟时可以一字不漏的背下去,那我真的佩服你了。
这首曲是柴可夫斯基应他的老师尼古拉鲁宾斯坦之请而作,目的是庆祝莫斯科救主基督大教堂的重建––这座教堂曾在1812年法俄战争中被战火焚毁(另一说是此曲为莫斯科艺术工业博览会而写)。
《1812》序曲在老柴的所有作品中应归入最粗浅、最通俗易懂的。在乐评家心目中,《1812》序曲不算柴可夫斯基最好的作品,即使柴氏本人,在写给梅克夫人(柴可夫斯基的主要赞助者)的信中也说:「这首序曲将会非常嘈杂而喧哗,我创作它时并无太大热情,因此,此曲可能没有任何艺术价值。」讽刺的是,《1812》序曲在首演时已大受欢迎,为柴可夫斯基赢得极高的声誉。后来陆续在俄罗斯许多城市和德国、捷克、比利时各地演出,自此一直成为柴可夫斯基交响乐作品中最形象鲜明、通俗易懂和备受欢迎的作品之一,这点恐怕出于柴可夫斯基意料之外。
二、《1812》序曲的内容
1812年,拿破仑率领60万大军入侵俄国,企图在短时间内歼灭俄军,占领莫斯科,并迫使俄国投降。战争开始时,拿破仑军队在数量占优势的情况下,俄军不得不逐步撤退,法国迫近莫斯科,俄军司令库图佐夫采取坚壁清野,烧毁粮草的战略,并撤退居民,率军暂时撤离莫斯科。拿破仑在占领莫斯科一个月后,仍无法迫使俄国投降,反而令自己孤军陷入重围,于是下令撤离莫斯科。撤退途中,拿破仑军队不能适应俄国严酷的冬天,加上饥饿和俄军的反击,终致溃败。拿破仑入侵俄国时多达六十万的的部队大部分被歼灭,最后只剩下不足万人逃出俄国国境。
《1812年》序曲是根据上述史实写成的一部管弦乐作品。柴可夫斯基在这首序曲中层次分明地叙述了1812年的这一事件,包括俄罗斯人民原来的和平生活和随后发生的不安和骚乱,俄法两军的会战,以及最后俄国击溃法军,俄罗斯人民庆祝胜利的狂欢情景等。
三、《1812》序曲为何被音响发烧友用作测试器材
我在上面已提过,这首序曲并不是柴可夫斯基最佳作品之一,但为甚么会广泛被发烧友用作测试器材之用呢?理由很简单,这首序曲除了运用正常管弦乐编制的乐器外(包括三个定音鼓、三角铁、铃鼓、大鼓、钹等),还动用了军鼓、大炮、钟等超常乐器在内,在序曲的结尾处还另加了一支军乐队,以期收到热闹和生动的效果。
这首序曲在第一次上演时,钟鼓炮齐声轰鸣,配合乐团的演奏,已令参加典礼的公众大为激动。到了近代双声道时代之后,录音技术大为跃进,有几家公司在唱片内加入真实炮声,更使音响发烧友着迷,他们往往利用实炮录音的版本来考验器材的力度、瞬态、低频等方面的能力。
假使你并非「大炮党」,请细听全曲,留意到吧!这首序曲音量起伏变化极大,动用的乐器非常多,听清楚其中的弦乐、木管、铜管和打击乐器,它可以检验你的器材音质音色、结像定位、强弱和动态对比……
如果你不能分辨不同乐器的声音,可以先买一只「彼得与狼」的音乐碟。任何古典乐的初入门者和有小朋友的家长,我都推荐你们买一张「彼得与狼」,在这首曲的故事里,每一个角色都由管弦乐团其中一种乐器扮演,对你辨音帮助很大,而小朋友一定听得很开心(你要陪着他听啊!)。
四、分析《1812》序曲
我选取用作分析的版本是Mercury Antal Dorati指挥 Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra的版本,这是我比较喜欢的版本。当然,我也喜欢RCA Eugene Ormandy指挥The Philadelphia Orchestra的版本,为甚么我没选近期很多网友买了的Telarc版本?很简单,我认为这版本不理想。分析部分我根据杨民望的《世界名曲欣赏》(上海音乐出版社出版)来写,这是权威版本,国内和台湾好多评论都是根据这书写(偷)的(香港例外,我们的唱片评论员有极丰富的想象力,他们会胡乱创作和胡说八道,他们有足够的无知和失实,因此,让香港人有足够的材料被人取笑)。如果你习惯看字典一般厚的书,你可以买下来(两本字典),如果你怕大书,杨民望有一本《交响乐欣赏入门》(上海译文出版社出版),是前书的节本。
这篇文章主要是针对古典音乐的入门朋友,故此我尽可能不使用音响用语,实在不能不用时,请网友见谅,这些术语并不难理解。希望完全不懂古典音乐的朋友查查书籍,再不然运用一下自己的想象力吧,写得不够专业和准确的地方,也请方家雅正和见谅。(唉!免费午餐,写得唔好都不要骂我!)
乐曲从一段辽阔的慢引子开始:这是由中提琴和大提琴分成六个声部的方式(每个声部两人)奏出的一支古老的赞美诗《主啊,拯救你的子民》(台湾译为《天主佑民》)的旋律,它那安详的步伐象征着俄罗斯人民和平与安宁的生活。到了(1:18)左右,这个主题加入木管乐器,音响庄严、宏伟而有力。
紧张的气氛在增长着,随着(1:53)左右的一声定音鼓,你会听到低声部出现一种惊惶不安的节奏,它带来骚乱而激动的情绪,象征法军的入侵已打破俄罗斯人民安宁的生活。这时你可以听到一个柔和动人、如泣如诉的主题在双簧管、长笛、单簧管和大管(2:46)声部轮流传递。(2:53)和(3:01)左右,你会听到鼓钹对击的声音,音乐的速度开始不断地加快,音响也不断地增强,音乐进入一个小高潮。
在(3:12)左右,原先的不安情绪被一个描绘征集俄罗斯军队的插段所代替,你会听到急促的军鼓声(3:26),在小军鼓背景的衬托下,木管乐器和法国号奏出一个号召性的合奏主题,这个主题经过几次反复,随后是一个短暂的休止(4:25)左右,音乐转入快板部分(4:28)左右。
这时的音乐和前一段音乐形成鲜明的对比,这时音乐的速度极快,开始描写两军决战的场面,从这主题特意加强的重音和切分音中,仿佛可以听到剑击声和马蹄声似的。当这个主题逐渐遍传整个乐队并发展到最高潮时,在(5:02)左右你会听到击鼓声,到了(5:08)左右,法国号和短号相继奏出《马赛曲》,它的反复呈现用以作为法国军队侵入俄国的象征。
两支旋律在互相碰撞交错后逐渐舒缓下来(6:04),接着出现的是同《马赛曲》主题相异的两个俄罗斯风格主题。(6:20)出现一支流畅、辽阔的俄罗斯民歌,诉说着俄罗斯人民对自己祖国的热爱,以及他们不畏强暴、准备给予来犯的敌人迎头痛击的决心。留意这时乐团打三角铁的声音,你应该听到足够的泛音,如果你只能听到暗哑的音色,不是你的唱片录音欠佳,就是你的器材差劲。
另一个在(7:35)出现的主题是俄罗斯婚礼歌曲《在大门旁》,先由长笛和单簧管奏出,具有一种热情的特性,在(7:53)左右你会听到铃鼓的声音,它应该是澄清的。这投歌曲充分表现出俄罗斯人民即使在危难时刻仍然不失去蓬勃的朝气和肯定自己力量的信心。和上面的俄罗斯旋律一样,舒缓了紧张的战斗情绪。
随后一段(8:36)又是会战场面的描绘,音乐显示新一轮的搏斗,铜管乐器和弦乐器错综交织,打击乐器象征刀光剑影的搏斗,(9:08)开始,你会听到多次击鼓和击钹的声音,而《马赛曲》在后期会渐次减弱并逐渐消失,它的片断只是加快了速度,时断时续,后来在低音弦乐器的阴沉音符衬托下转入低音区(大管、低音长号和大号)。
(10:06)又出现我们熟知的两个俄罗斯风格的主题,留意三角铁的声音。这段再一次强调俄罗斯人民对入侵的敌人的胜利。(10:52)左右你会再听到熟悉的俄罗斯民歌。紧接在《马赛曲》(11:13)主题之后,乐声的速度加快和加强,到了(11:47)出现第一声炮响,接连出现五下炮声,音乐转入暴风骤雨般的下行乐句,至(12:36)停止,描绘最后的搏斗和敌军的溃逃,形象鲜明、逼真。
(12:37)左右,进入乐曲的尾声,从引子的赞美歌主题开始,这时候,添加进来的管乐队以雷霆万钧之势庄严而宏伟地奏出,你会听到加入来的钟声,由于结合着管钟的特别新颖的色彩,显得更加威武堂堂,成为一首辉煌的胜利颂歌,象征着斗争的光荣结局。但是这首赞美诗的有力陈述屡次被会战主题的一些急速的乐句所打断(13:40),这些音阶式乐句的重现,使人们又回想起过去同敌人的搏斗。
最后,一个庄重而有力的主题响起来了,这就是格林卡的歌剧《伊凡苏萨宁》的终场合唱《光荣颂》的主题,(13:52)左右,配合十一响炮声和教堂响起的钟声,它是俄罗斯人民最后胜利的宣告,整个乐曲就以这凯旋的欢乐颂歌作为结束。
五、简介十个《1812》序曲版本。
(1)、MERCURY 434 36O-2
Antal Dorati指挥Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra(现已改名Minnesota Orchestra)的《1812》序曲,是我的首选。这只唱片多年位居TAS榜内,亦曾被企鹅CD指南(97/98年鉴)给予3星带花的最高评价,并将它列为《1812》序曲的首选版本。香港陈瑛光的《CD圣经》也推荐此版本(好可惜,他的简介离不开讲炮声)。无可否认,此碟的炮声是它卖点之一,而MERCURY公司大获成功的原因,就在于它开创性地利用录音技术,在乐队的演奏中加入了真正的炮声和教堂的钟声。这张唱片MERCURY公司一共录制过两次,两次都是同一指挥和乐团。第一次录音是在1954年,仍然是单声道时代,炮声是在西点军校录下拿破仑时期制造的古炮射击声,钟声则录自耶鲁大学校园内的大钟;第二次录音是在1958年,这时已进入立体声时代,炮声改为使用1775年法国制造的大炮,钟声则改用纽约河畔教堂的大钟钟声。
MERCURY和TELARC都是分别录制炮声、钟声和乐团的演奏,然后进行混音。这张唱片由于录音出色,效果传神,而真实的炮声有着震撼人心的效果,因此,单声道时的制作,就已成为发烧友和音响厂家采用为试音碟。1958年的制作,运用了三支咪和三声道的录音机来进行录音,录音效果效果在当时是极先进的。黑胶时代,这张唱片就卖出超过200万张,可谓MERCURY的镇山之宝。
现时的CD版本是根据1958年的录音母带转录而成,以今日的录音技术来看,这只碟的背景噪音稍大(放心,是我挑剔,也许你会不赞同)。
『叁』 柴可夫斯基在俄罗斯作曲届有着怎样的地位
柴可夫斯基是19世纪俄国最伟大的作曲家,也是最早获得广泛世界声誉的俄国作曲家。他的光辉艺术生涯和成就,在俄罗斯文化史和世界音乐史上,占有着十分突出的地位。
『肆』 柴可夫斯基英文介绍。生平,代表作,代表作简介。英文的!!!回答至少1000字 急求,请在8点之前回答!!!
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893),anglicised as Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, was a Russian composer whose works included symphonies, concertos, operas, ballets, chamber music, and a choral setting of the Russian Orthodox Divine Liturgy. Some of these are among the most popular theatrical music in the classical repertoire. He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally, which he bolstered with appearances as a guest conctor later in his career in Europe and the United States. One of these appearances was at the inaugural concert of Carnegie Hall in New York City in 1891. Tchaikovsky was honored in 1884 by Emperor Alexander III, and awarded a lifetime pension in the late 1880s.
Although musically precocious, Tchaikovsky was ecated for a career as a civil servant. There was scant opportunity for a musical career in Russia at that time, and no system of public music ecation. When an opportunity for such an ecation arose, he entered the nascent Saint Petersburg Conservatory, from where he graated in 1865. The formal Western-oriented teaching he received there set him apart from composers of the contemporary nationalist movement embodied by the Russian composers of The Five, with whom his professional relationship was mixed. Tchaikovsky's training set him on a path to reconcile what he had learned with the native musical practices to which he had been exposed from childhood. From this reconciliation, he forged a personal but unmistakably Russian style—a task that did not prove easy. The principles that governed melody, harmony and other fundamentals of Russian music ran completely counter to those that governed Western European music; this seemed to defeat the potential for using Russian music in large-scale Western composition or from forming a composite style, and it caused personal antipathies that dented Tchaikovsky's self-confidence. Russian culture exhibited a split personality, with its native and adopted elements having drifted apart increasingly since the time of Peter the Great, and this resulted in uncertainty among the intelligentsia of the country's national identity.
Despite his many popular successes, Tchaikovsky's life was punctuated by personal crises and depression. Contributory factors included his leaving his mother for boarding school, his mother's early death and the collapse of the one enring relationship of his alt life, his 13-year association with the wealthy widow Nadezhda von Meck. His same-sex orientation, which he kept private, has traditionally also been considered a major factor, though a number of musicologists now play down its importance. His sudden death at the age of 53 is generally ascribed to cholera; there is an ongoing debate as to whether it was accidental or self-inflicted.
While his music has remained popular among audiences, critical opinions were initially mixed. Some Russians did not feel it sufficiently representative of native musical values and were suspicious that Europeans accepted it for its Western elements. In apparent reinforcement of the latter claim, some Europeans lauded Tchaikovsky for offering music more substantive than base exoticism, and thus transcending stereotypes of Russian classical music. Tchaikovsky's music was dismissed as "lacking in elevated thought," according to longtime New York Times music critic Harold C. Schonberg, and its formal workings were derided as deficient for not following Western principles stringently.
Life
Childhood
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born in Votkinsk, a small town in present-day Udmurtia, a former province of Vyatka in the Russian Empire. His family had a long line of military service. His father, Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky, was an engineer who served as a lieutenant colonel in the Department of Mines. He was mostly of Russian ethnicity, though his ancestors were Ukrainian Cossacks[1] and manager of the Kamsko-Votkinsk Ironworks. His grandfather, Petro Fedorovych Chaika, received medical training in Saint Petersburg and served as a physician's assistant in the army before becoming city governor of Glazov in Viatka. His great-grandfather, a Cossack named Fyodor Chaika, distinguished himself under Peter the Great at the Battle of Poltava in 1709.[2] His mother, Alexandra Andreyevna née d'Assier, the second of Ilya's three wives, was 18 years her husband's junior and of French ancestry on her father's side.[3] Both of Tchaikovsky's parents were trained in the arts, including music. This was considered a necessity as a posting to a remote area of Russia was always possible, bringing with it a need for entertainment, both private and at social gatherings.[4]
Tchaikovsky had four brothers (Nikolai, Ippolit, and twins Anatoly and Modest), a sister, Alexandra and a half-sister Zinaida from his father's first marriage.[5] He was particularly close to Alexandra and the twins. Anatoly later had a prominent legal career, while Modest became a dramatist, librettist, and translator.[6] Alexandra married Lev Davydov[7] and had seven children, one of whom, Vladimir Davydov, became very close to the composer, who nicknamed him 'Bob'.[8] The Davydovs provided the only real family life Tchaikovsky knew as an alt,[9] and their estate in Kamenka (now Kamianka, Cherkasy Oblast, part of Ukraine) became a welcome refuge for him ring his years of wandering.[9]
In 1843 the family hired Fanny Dürbach, a 22-year-old French governess, to look after the children and teach Tchaikovsky's elder brother Nikolai and a niece of the family.[10] While Tchaikovsky, at four and a half, was initially considered too young to begin studies, his insistence convinced Dürbach otherwise.[11] Dürbach proved an excellent teacher, teaching Pyotr Tchaikovsky to be fluent in French and German by the age of six.[4] Tchaikovsky became attached to the young woman and her affection for him is said to have provided a counter to Tchaikovsky's mother, who has been described as a cold, unhappy, distant parent,[12] although others assert that the mother doted on her son.[13] Dürbach saved much of Tchaikovsky's work from this period, which includes his earliest known compositions. She was also the source of several anecdotes about his childhood.[14]
Tchaikovsky took piano lessons from the age of five. A precocious pupil, he could read music as adeptly as his teacher within three years. His parents were initially supportive, hiring a tutor, buying an orchestrion (a form of barrel organ that could imitate elaborate orchestral effects), and encouraging his study of the piano for both aesthetic and practical reasons. Nevertheless, the family decided in 1850 to send Tchaikovsky to the Imperial School of Jurisprudence in Saint Petersburg. This decision may have been rooted in practicality. It is not certain whether Tchaikovsky's parents had grown insensitive toward his musical gift.[4] However, regardless of talent, the only avenues for a musical career in Russia at that time – except for the affluent aristocracy – were as a teacher in an academy or an instrumentalist in one of the Imperial Theaters. Both were considered on the lowest rung of the social ladder, with no more rights than peasants.[15] Also, because of the growing uncertainty of his father's income, both parents may have wanted Tchaikovsky to become independent as soon as possible.[16]
Since both parents had graated from institutes in Saint Petersburg, they decided to ecate him as they had themselves been ecated.[17] The School of Jurisprudence mainly served the lesser nobility and would prepare Tchaikovsky for a career as a civil servant. As the minimum age for acceptance was 12 and Tchaikovsky was only 10 at the time, he was required to spend two years boarding at the Imperial School of Jurisprudence's preparatory school, 800 miles (1,300 km) from his family.[18] Once those two years had passed, Tchaikovsky transferred to the Imperial School of Jurisprudence to begin a seven-year course of studies.[19]
Emerging composer
Childhood trauma and school years
Tchaikovsky's separation from his mother to attend boarding school caused an emotional trauma that tormented him throughout his life.[20] Her death from cholera in 1854 further devastated him, affecting him so much that he could not inform Fanny Dürbach until two years later.[21] He mourned his mother's loss for the rest of his life[22] and called it "the crucial event" that ultimately shaped it.[23] More than 25 years after his loss, Tchaikovsky wrote to his patroness, Nadezhda von Meck, "Every moment of that appalling day is as vivid to me as though it were yesterday."[22] The loss also prompted Tchaikovsky to make his first serious attempt at composition, a waltz in her memory.
Tchaikovsky's father, who also contracted cholera at this time but fully recovered, immediately sent him back to school, hoping that classwork would occupy the boy's mind.[24] In partial compensation for his isolation and loss, Tchaikovsky made lifelong friendships with fellow students, including Aleksey Apukhtin and Vladimir Gerard.[25] Music became a unifier. While it was not an official priority at the School of Jurisprudence, Tchaikovsky maintained an extracurricular connection by regularly attending the opera with other students.[26] Fond of works by Rossini, Bellini, Verdi and Mozart, he would improvise for his friends at the school's harmonium on themes they had sung ring choir practice. "We were amused," Vladimir Gerard later remembered, "but not imbued with any expectations of his future glory."[27] Tchaikovsky also continued his piano studies through Franz Becker, an instrument manufacturer who made occasional visits to the school; however, the results, according to musicologist David Brown, were "negligible."[28]
In 1855, Tchaikovsky's father funded private lessons for his son with the teacher Rudolph Kündinger. He also questioned Kündinger about a musical career for the boy. Kündinger replied that, while impressed, nothing suggested to him a future as a composer or performer.[29] Kündinger later admitted that his assessment was also based on his own negative experiences as a musician in Russia and his unwillingness for Tchaikovsky to be treated likewise.[30] Tchaikovsky was told to finish his course and then try for a post in the Ministry of Justice.[31] Even though he gave this practical advice, his father remained receptive about a career in music for Tchaikovsky. He simply did not know what Tchaikovsky could accomplish, nor whether he could make a living at it. No public ecation system in music existed at the time in Russia and private ecation, especially in composition, was erratic.[32]
『伍』 听说俄罗斯裔的什么柴可夫斯基家族财团,搞不明白,有谁知道说说
是罗斯柴尔德家族
罗斯柴尔德家族(Rothschild Family)是欧洲乃至世界久负盛名的金融家族。,而后伴随着支援威灵顿的军队资金、淘金、开发苏伊士运河等,家族不断兴盛,并影响了整个欧洲乃至世界历史的发展。
『陆』 柴可夫斯基的悲剧三部曲分别叫什么名字
悲壮、高贵和圣洁的情感——《悲怆交响曲》
『柒』 柴可夫斯基写过哪些作品谁能跟我说
交响曲
《g小调第一交响曲》(1866年)
《c小调第二交响曲》(1872年)
《D大调第三交响曲》(1875年)
《f小调第四交响曲》(1878年)
《e小调第五交响曲》(1888年)
《b小调第六交响曲》(1893年)——这部交响曲又称为《悲怆》,音乐具有忧郁的抒情性,可以说是作曲家最著名的一部交响曲,完成于他逝世前两个月,并完整的体现了柴可夫斯基的美学观。
《曼弗雷德交响曲》
《降e大调第七交响曲》(这部所谓第七交响乐一般叫降E大调交响乐,是柴可夫斯基其中一部未完成的作品。在1891年4月的美国之旅中,柴可夫斯基开始构思一部名为“生命”(Zhizn)的交响乐,并且记下了一些主题。后来他转向创作其他作品,而这部交响乐一直未构思完,可能他已经放弃了这部作品。但“生命”的一些主题被用来创作他的降E大调交响乐,有时又叫第七交响乐。)
芭蕾舞剧
《天鹅湖》(1876年)
《睡美人》(1889年)
《胡桃夹子》(1892年)
歌剧
叶甫盖尼·奥涅金(1879年)
黑桃皇后(1891年)
管弦乐作品
《罗密欧与朱丽叶幻想序曲》(1869年)
《降b小调第一钢琴协奏曲》(1874年)
《D大调小提琴协奏曲》(1878年)
《1812序曲》(1880年)
《弦乐小夜曲》(1880年)
《意大利随想曲》(1880年)
《哈姆雷特幻想序曲》(1888年)
《第三钢琴协奏曲》
『捌』 柴可夫斯基来在哪里
彼得·伊里奇·柴可夫斯基(俄文:Пётр Ильич Чайковский,英文:Peter Lynch Tchaikovsky)又译为柴科夫斯基(1840年5月7日-1893年11月6日),十九世纪伟大的俄罗斯作曲家、音乐教育家,被誉为伟大的俄罗斯音乐大师。柴可夫斯基1840年5月7日生于矿山工程师兼官办冶金工厂厂长家庭。1859年毕业于彼得堡法律学校,在司法部任职。1861年入俄罗斯音乐协会音乐学习班(次年改建为彼得堡音乐学院)。1863年辞去司法部职务,献身音乐事业。1865年毕业后,在莫斯科音乐学院任教,同时积极创作,第一批作品问世。受富孀梅克夫人资助,1877年辞去教学工作专事创作。1878-1885年间曾多次去西欧各国及美国旅行、演出。1893年6月荣获英国剑桥大学名誉博士学位。同年10月底在彼得堡指挥《6号悲怆交响曲》(即6号交响曲)首次演出后不久即去世 。
『玖』 柴可夫斯基是哪国人 百科上说是俄罗斯,可柴科夫斯基那时候好像没俄罗斯吧 。。
俄国人,也就是霸占了我国很多国土的沙俄人。
『拾』 柴可夫斯基代表作
交响曲
《G小调第一交响曲》(1866年)──第一号交响曲是受到俄罗斯冬季景象启发写成,所以又名「冬之梦」,虽然柴科夫斯基自认有点瑕疵,但它无疑包藏了美好青年时期的梦与情怀。
也正是因为如此,他的作品中夹杂着他的心理情感元素。
《C小调第二交响曲》(1872年)
《D大调第三交响曲》(1875年)
《F小调第四交响曲》(1878年)
《E小调第五交响曲》(1888年)
《B小调第六交响曲》(1893年)——这部交响曲又称为《悲怆交响曲》
,音乐具有忧郁的抒情性,可以说是作曲家最著名的一部交响曲,完成于他逝世前两个月,并完整的体现了柴科夫斯基的美学观。
《曼弗雷德交响曲》(1885年)
)交响曲
《g小调第一交响曲》(1866年)
《c小调第二交响曲》(1872年)
《D大调第三交响曲》(1875年)
《f小调第四交响曲》(1878年)
《e小调第五交响曲》(1888年)
《曼弗雷德交响曲》
《降e大调第七交响曲》(这部所谓第七交响乐一般叫降E大调交响乐,是柴可夫斯基其中一部未完成的作品。在1891年4月的美国之旅中,柴可夫斯基开始构思一部名为“生命”(Zhizn)的交响乐,并且记下了一些主题。后来他转向创作其他作品,而这部交响乐一直未构思完,可能他已经放弃了这部作品。但“生命”的一些主题被用来创作他的降E大调交响乐,有时又叫第七交响乐。)
芭蕾舞剧
《天鹅湖》(1876年)
《睡美人》(1889年)
《胡桃夹子》(1892年)
歌剧
叶甫盖尼·奥涅金(1879年)
黑桃皇后(1891年)
管弦乐作品
《罗密欧与朱丽叶幻想序曲》(1869年)
《降b小调第一钢琴协奏曲》(1874年)
《D大调小提琴协奏曲》(1878年)
《1812序曲》(1880年)
《弦乐小夜曲》(1880年)
《意大利随想曲》(1880年)
《哈姆雷特幻想序曲》(1888年)
《第三钢琴协奏曲》(1880年)
其他乐曲
钢琴曲
《四季》
(1876年)