What was mining in ancient times
Publish: 2021-05-26 05:48:32
1. In fact, I think that the wisdom of the ancients is far more than that of our modern people. The ancients rely more on their wisdom to solve many problems in life. Now we are more a small number of elites to study and solve problems. Most of us enjoy their success and don't use our brains too much. So the wisdom of the ancients is really powerful
the recognition of ore veins by the ancients was basically based on experience, and the recognition of surface mineralization marks or ore vein outcrop shape was the accumulation of long-term labor experience
for example, "pangjinshi" is regarded as the prospecting sign of gold ore in gold ore dressing, and "black road" on rocks is regarded as the sign of silver ore prospecting
for pangjinshi, there are many records in ancient books
the compendium of Materia Medica cites the collection of materia medica: "the collection of vessels says:" common people take gold, dig more than Zhang deep, to fenzi stone, the stone is a black coke, there is gold under the stone... "Fenzi stone is the companion stone<
Qu Dajun quoted Shi Xing Ji in his Guangdong new language: "when I g more than Zhang, I saw Leifu Fanzi stone, which is brown and black scorched at one end. It is a stone with gold, and there must be horseshoe gold. There is a crystal bed beside the gedansha, and a Fanzi stone beside the gold. "
in Ben Cao Yan Yi written by song Kou Zong Xun: "a lump of gold, that is, a cave mountain or a hundred feet, can be seen with gold and stone. The stone is brown, and one end is as black as fire. This can be seen with gold, and its gold is deep red and yellow."< According to Tiangong Kaiwu, "most of the gold comes from the southwest. When you take it from the cave mountain to more than ten feet, you can see the accompanying gold and stone, and you can see the gold. The stone is brown and black like fire."“ However, in the cave of the Yi ape in the south of the five ridges, the gold first came out like black iron, and then it was g deep under the black coke stone“ The method of drawing silver. There are black roads on every stone wall< In Tiangong Kaiwu: "where is the silver seedling in the earth. There may be yellow gravel, or there may be a tangled shape in the cracks between the rocks in the soil, which means that it is not far away to go to the mine. "“ Where silver is made, the reefs are made. To the broken, such as sand, its surface sub ya, such as branch shaped, said riveting, its outer ring Stone said ore (surrounding rock). The large ore is like a fight, and the small one is like a fist. It is a useless waste. Its reef sand shape is like coal, the bottom is lined with stone but not very black, and its height is several
in addition, there are some indicative plants in the place where the gold vein is located, such as a wild Allium macrostemon growing near the gold mine in historical records
Youyang Zazu: "there are alligators on the mountain and gold under it."< According to the Geng Xin jade book, the root of the mountain looks like a green vine, purple and golden
it can be seen that the ancients have accumulated certain experience for the external performance of ore veins through years of prospecting and exploration. However, in order to truly determine the existence of ore veins, it is necessary to test mining and testing to further verify whether the experience is accurate. The Ming Dynasty Lulong's Shuyuan Zaji records: "the mine of hardware was born between mountains and rivers. In the place of origin, only the vein is hidden in the hard rock, which is as tiny as a hair. Those who have knowledge of the mineral resources can get it, chisel it and cook it. "
the so-called "gouge cooking test" is to verify experience through experimental means<
as for the mining method, for placer gold and the like, the panning method is mostly used. In "Tiangong Kaiwu · hardware", it is said that "water gold... Is extracted from the river, panning for gold."<
in addition to scouring for hair, chute method is also used. According to song Zhuyu's Pingzhou Ke Tan, "Liangchuan metallurgy, taking sand along the stream and scouring with wooden plates, has little and laborious results. Deng, laijinkeng households stop using big wood, sawing it, leaving blade marks. When you throw sand on it, you will be flooded with water. When you remove the sand, you can easily get it in the golden saw pattern. "<
the gold chute is also known as "gold Liuzi" and "gold bed". The chute method was widely used in the Qing Dynasty
all of the above are gold mining methods for placer gold. For deep buried gold, mining is necessary< In Ben Cao Yan Yi, song Kou Zong Xun said, "a lump of gold is a cave mountain or a hundred feet..."
"Tiangong Kaiwu · hardware": "most gold comes from the southwest, and the one who takes the cave mountain is more than ten feet..."
all gold and silver mines are mined by rock drilling, and the cave mountain breaks into the underground. Now some ancient mine sites have proved that the ancient mining method in China has been very mature. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the room column method was used to support the mine with wooden columns
excerpt from the fish reading club, for reference only, I hope I can help you and answer your doubts.
the recognition of ore veins by the ancients was basically based on experience, and the recognition of surface mineralization marks or ore vein outcrop shape was the accumulation of long-term labor experience
for example, "pangjinshi" is regarded as the prospecting sign of gold ore in gold ore dressing, and "black road" on rocks is regarded as the sign of silver ore prospecting
for pangjinshi, there are many records in ancient books
the compendium of Materia Medica cites the collection of materia medica: "the collection of vessels says:" common people take gold, dig more than Zhang deep, to fenzi stone, the stone is a black coke, there is gold under the stone... "Fenzi stone is the companion stone<
Qu Dajun quoted Shi Xing Ji in his Guangdong new language: "when I g more than Zhang, I saw Leifu Fanzi stone, which is brown and black scorched at one end. It is a stone with gold, and there must be horseshoe gold. There is a crystal bed beside the gedansha, and a Fanzi stone beside the gold. "
in Ben Cao Yan Yi written by song Kou Zong Xun: "a lump of gold, that is, a cave mountain or a hundred feet, can be seen with gold and stone. The stone is brown, and one end is as black as fire. This can be seen with gold, and its gold is deep red and yellow."< According to Tiangong Kaiwu, "most of the gold comes from the southwest. When you take it from the cave mountain to more than ten feet, you can see the accompanying gold and stone, and you can see the gold. The stone is brown and black like fire."“ However, in the cave of the Yi ape in the south of the five ridges, the gold first came out like black iron, and then it was g deep under the black coke stone“ The method of drawing silver. There are black roads on every stone wall< In Tiangong Kaiwu: "where is the silver seedling in the earth. There may be yellow gravel, or there may be a tangled shape in the cracks between the rocks in the soil, which means that it is not far away to go to the mine. "“ Where silver is made, the reefs are made. To the broken, such as sand, its surface sub ya, such as branch shaped, said riveting, its outer ring Stone said ore (surrounding rock). The large ore is like a fight, and the small one is like a fist. It is a useless waste. Its reef sand shape is like coal, the bottom is lined with stone but not very black, and its height is several
in addition, there are some indicative plants in the place where the gold vein is located, such as a wild Allium macrostemon growing near the gold mine in historical records
Youyang Zazu: "there are alligators on the mountain and gold under it."< According to the Geng Xin jade book, the root of the mountain looks like a green vine, purple and golden
it can be seen that the ancients have accumulated certain experience for the external performance of ore veins through years of prospecting and exploration. However, in order to truly determine the existence of ore veins, it is necessary to test mining and testing to further verify whether the experience is accurate. The Ming Dynasty Lulong's Shuyuan Zaji records: "the mine of hardware was born between mountains and rivers. In the place of origin, only the vein is hidden in the hard rock, which is as tiny as a hair. Those who have knowledge of the mineral resources can get it, chisel it and cook it. "
the so-called "gouge cooking test" is to verify experience through experimental means<
as for the mining method, for placer gold and the like, the panning method is mostly used. In "Tiangong Kaiwu · hardware", it is said that "water gold... Is extracted from the river, panning for gold."<
in addition to scouring for hair, chute method is also used. According to song Zhuyu's Pingzhou Ke Tan, "Liangchuan metallurgy, taking sand along the stream and scouring with wooden plates, has little and laborious results. Deng, laijinkeng households stop using big wood, sawing it, leaving blade marks. When you throw sand on it, you will be flooded with water. When you remove the sand, you can easily get it in the golden saw pattern. "<
the gold chute is also known as "gold Liuzi" and "gold bed". The chute method was widely used in the Qing Dynasty
all of the above are gold mining methods for placer gold. For deep buried gold, mining is necessary< In Ben Cao Yan Yi, song Kou Zong Xun said, "a lump of gold is a cave mountain or a hundred feet..."
"Tiangong Kaiwu · hardware": "most gold comes from the southwest, and the one who takes the cave mountain is more than ten feet..."
all gold and silver mines are mined by rock drilling, and the cave mountain breaks into the underground. Now some ancient mine sites have proved that the ancient mining method in China has been very mature. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the room column method was used to support the mine with wooden columns
excerpt from the fish reading club, for reference only, I hope I can help you and answer your doubts.
2.
Primitive human beings have been able to collect stones, grind them into proction tools, and collect clay for pottery making, which is the earliest germination of mining. Mining in ancient China has a long history. Unearthed from the ancient copper mine site in Tonglushan, Daye, Hubei Province, are various proction tools made of copper, iron, wood, bamboo, stone, pottery, copper ingot, copper weapons, etc., which are used for mining, loading, lifting, drainage, lighting, etc., and prove that the combined development of shaft, inclined shaft and drift has been used in the spring and Autumn period, and the underground mining system has initially formed. By the Western Han Dynasty, the mining system had been quite perfect. At this time in Hebei, Shandong, Hubei and other places of iron, copper, coal, placer gold and other mines have begun mining. At the end of the Warring States period, Li Bing, the governor of the state of Qin and Shu, g salt wells in Shuangliu County, Sichuan Province. Before Ming Dynasty, iron, copper, tin, lead, silver, gold, mercury and zinc were mainly proced. At the beginning of the 17th century, Europeans used the black powder imported from China for mining, and replaced manual mining with rock drilling and blasting, which was a milestone in the development of mining technology. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, mining explosives, detonators, detonating cords and rock drilling equipment were successively invented, forming modern blasting technology; The use of electric mechanical shovel, electric locomotive and electric lifting, communication, drainage and other equipment has formed modern shipping technology. Since the first half of the 20th century, mining technology has developed rapidly, with the emergence of ammonium nitrate explosive, the use of underground deep hole blasting technology, the continuous improvement and large-scale of various mining equipment, and graally formed mechanized mining technology suitable for different deposit conditions. The scientific methods of mine design, deposit evaluation and mine plan management are put forward to make mining develop from technology to engineering science. After the 1950s, e to the use of down the hole drill, cone drill, self drilling jumbo and other new equipment, mining equipment to achieve large-scale, transportation and lifting equipment automation, the emergence of unmanned locomotives. Computer technology is used in mine proction management, planning and design and scientific calculation. System science is used to study mining problems, and system mining engineering is born. Mine proction began to establish automatic control system, using modern test equipment, testing technology and electronic computers to predict and solve some practical problems. Therefore, the subject of mining engineering has been formally proposed and recognized
3. The mines g by ancient people were all shallow mines, some of which were almost exposed to the surface
4. In ancient China, working people found and used stone, pottery, wood and bone ware in agriculture, animal husbandry and handicraft proction. In the long-term proction practice, it is graally recognized that there are copper blocks in nature, so it began to be mined and used
as early as the Neolithic age, people used the "fire attack" method to mine ore. The Neolithic quarry site in Qiaoshan, southwest of Guangzhou is the earliest ancient mining site in China. There are traces of fire on the inner wall of the mine pit of the site. A thick layer of burned phosphorous stones and carbon chips are accumulated on the roadway floor. It shows that as early as 5000 years ago, people already knew how to use the principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction to mine ore, which is a miracle in the history of mining in the world
Mining Technology in ancient China reached a high level in Shang and Zhou dynasties. In 1988, a copper mining site of Shang and Zhou Dynasties was discovered in the north corner of Mufu mountain, Xiafan Town, Ruichang County, Jiangxi Province. The mining methods of copper mine sites include both open-pit mining and underground mining, mainly underground mining. At that time, the miners had been able to extend the mining system to the rich ore zone tens of meters deep, and built a huge underground stope in the deep stratum with the support of wooden frame. In underground mining, the natural wind is formed by the pressure difference caused by the different height of wellhead, which solves the ventilation problem. The mining tools unearthed from the site include bronze axe, Tomahawk and chisel, soil turning tools include wooden shovel and wooden shovel, loading tools include bamboo basket and bamboo stpan, and lifting tools include wooden windlass and wooden hook. It shows that the ancient copper mine has effectively solved a series of technical problems such as safety, ventilation, drainage and lifting, showing the brilliant achievements of China's early mining technology. In addition, a large-scale concentrator has been found in the mining area, and a wooden chute for concentrator has been excavated, which can make use of the difference of movement state of ore particles in the oblique flow for material separation. Under the combined action of gravity, friction force, flow pressure, shear force and bar resistance, ore particles are loose and layered, which is one of the gravity beneficiation methods to achieve separation according to specific gravity. The excavation of Tongling ore dressing trough is an important discovery in the history of ore dressing in the world
extended reading - Tonglushan ancient mine site
the existing Tonglushan ancient mine site in Daye, Hubei Province is an ancient mine site in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. The most remarkable feature of the mining technology of the site is that the combined mining method of shaft, inclined shaft, blind shaft and drift is used for deep shaft mining. The largest well is more than 60 meters deep, more than 20 meters below the groundwater level. The Ruichang Tongling mining site and the Daye Tonglushan ancient mine site prove that as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties, China could not only find rich and large mines, but also excavate deep mines, which was extremely advanced at that time.
as early as the Neolithic age, people used the "fire attack" method to mine ore. The Neolithic quarry site in Qiaoshan, southwest of Guangzhou is the earliest ancient mining site in China. There are traces of fire on the inner wall of the mine pit of the site. A thick layer of burned phosphorous stones and carbon chips are accumulated on the roadway floor. It shows that as early as 5000 years ago, people already knew how to use the principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction to mine ore, which is a miracle in the history of mining in the world
Mining Technology in ancient China reached a high level in Shang and Zhou dynasties. In 1988, a copper mining site of Shang and Zhou Dynasties was discovered in the north corner of Mufu mountain, Xiafan Town, Ruichang County, Jiangxi Province. The mining methods of copper mine sites include both open-pit mining and underground mining, mainly underground mining. At that time, the miners had been able to extend the mining system to the rich ore zone tens of meters deep, and built a huge underground stope in the deep stratum with the support of wooden frame. In underground mining, the natural wind is formed by the pressure difference caused by the different height of wellhead, which solves the ventilation problem. The mining tools unearthed from the site include bronze axe, Tomahawk and chisel, soil turning tools include wooden shovel and wooden shovel, loading tools include bamboo basket and bamboo stpan, and lifting tools include wooden windlass and wooden hook. It shows that the ancient copper mine has effectively solved a series of technical problems such as safety, ventilation, drainage and lifting, showing the brilliant achievements of China's early mining technology. In addition, a large-scale concentrator has been found in the mining area, and a wooden chute for concentrator has been excavated, which can make use of the difference of movement state of ore particles in the oblique flow for material separation. Under the combined action of gravity, friction force, flow pressure, shear force and bar resistance, ore particles are loose and layered, which is one of the gravity beneficiation methods to achieve separation according to specific gravity. The excavation of Tongling ore dressing trough is an important discovery in the history of ore dressing in the world
extended reading - Tonglushan ancient mine site
the existing Tonglushan ancient mine site in Daye, Hubei Province is an ancient mine site in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. The most remarkable feature of the mining technology of the site is that the combined mining method of shaft, inclined shaft, blind shaft and drift is used for deep shaft mining. The largest well is more than 60 meters deep, more than 20 meters below the groundwater level. The Ruichang Tongling mining site and the Daye Tonglushan ancient mine site prove that as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties, China could not only find rich and large mines, but also excavate deep mines, which was extremely advanced at that time.
5. There are some ways: 1. In the College of continuing ecation of Hunan University, consultation, registration matters and places. 2. Go to the self-taught training institutions for consultation, and you can apply for the major of Hunan University. 3. Go to the local self taught Examination Office Center to register.
6. As a matter of fact, it's better to take the national unified alt college entrance examination for correspondence ecation than to take the college entrance examination for college entrance, There are some colleges and universities in Hunan Province that are upgraded from junior college to undergraate major, such as the first normal university, Changsha Aviation Vocational College, etc, The self-taught examination is divided into long-term self-taught examination and short-term self-taught examination. The long-term self-taught examination is to take part in the national self-taught examination. The examination has certain difficulty. Of course, this kind of self-taught examination has high gold content. Short term self-taught examination is very easy to pass the examination, is to participate in the University's own test proposition. All the self-taught examination does not have to go to school. You can take part in the examination and get a diploma just like you do at work or at home
7. Dizzy, fortunately, I took the Hunan university self-study examination, but I completely self-study
Hunan University is a 211 school, which can only be used as the main examination institution, that is to say, it is only responsible for issuing the diploma, and you have completed all your professional courses, so you can go to Hunan University to defend yourself, and you have nothing else to do with it. 211 school is not allowed to set up training courses, training courses are organized to participate in Hunan university self-study training
self taught examination, as the name suggests, is self-taught examination. What you are talking about is a student class
first of all, you'd better understand what is self-taught examination< There are two kinds of self-taught examination:
one is long-term, also known as big self-taught examination, that is, only pay the registration fee and take part in the examination when it's time. April and October are the national unified examination. Don't choose a school. As long as you choose a major, every province will choose the main examination school according to the major. Of course, not every major has its own. You can take part in the training or not
one is short-term, also known as small self-taught examination, which means you have to choose your own school and major. For example, schools a and B have opened this major. You can choose to pay tuition fees and issue the school's graation certificate after the examination. Generally speaking, it's just a weekend or before the examination. The so-called full-time training in society is just a form of training. The diploma issued indicates that it is a self-taught examination style, and there is no so-called full-time training. This note, 211 is not open short-term self-study
there is also a so-called full-time self-taught training class. This kind of training is full-time only. However, your diploma is still in the form of self-taught examination. There is no word "full-time" on the diploma. It's like doing part-time work every day. It's not a concept with full-time work
the school selected for the full-time self-taught training course is selected by the training school. You only need to choose a major. In other words, you finish the course according to the regulations, and the diploma you get is issued by the school selected by the full-time training school
if you have any questions you don't understand, you can search "Hunan kaoyou forum" on the Internet or add my Internet hi. At the same time, I Hunan University self-taught graation certificate, you can see
finally, I wish you every success in your examination and work.
Hunan University is a 211 school, which can only be used as the main examination institution, that is to say, it is only responsible for issuing the diploma, and you have completed all your professional courses, so you can go to Hunan University to defend yourself, and you have nothing else to do with it. 211 school is not allowed to set up training courses, training courses are organized to participate in Hunan university self-study training
self taught examination, as the name suggests, is self-taught examination. What you are talking about is a student class
first of all, you'd better understand what is self-taught examination< There are two kinds of self-taught examination:
one is long-term, also known as big self-taught examination, that is, only pay the registration fee and take part in the examination when it's time. April and October are the national unified examination. Don't choose a school. As long as you choose a major, every province will choose the main examination school according to the major. Of course, not every major has its own. You can take part in the training or not
one is short-term, also known as small self-taught examination, which means you have to choose your own school and major. For example, schools a and B have opened this major. You can choose to pay tuition fees and issue the school's graation certificate after the examination. Generally speaking, it's just a weekend or before the examination. The so-called full-time training in society is just a form of training. The diploma issued indicates that it is a self-taught examination style, and there is no so-called full-time training. This note, 211 is not open short-term self-study
there is also a so-called full-time self-taught training class. This kind of training is full-time only. However, your diploma is still in the form of self-taught examination. There is no word "full-time" on the diploma. It's like doing part-time work every day. It's not a concept with full-time work
the school selected for the full-time self-taught training course is selected by the training school. You only need to choose a major. In other words, you finish the course according to the regulations, and the diploma you get is issued by the school selected by the full-time training school
if you have any questions you don't understand, you can search "Hunan kaoyou forum" on the Internet or add my Internet hi. At the same time, I Hunan University self-taught graation certificate, you can see
finally, I wish you every success in your examination and work.
8. Hunan University is a comprehensive national key university, directly under the management of the Ministry of ecation. It is located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain, a beautiful national scenic spot. It originated from Yuelu Academy, the oldest institution of higher learning in the world, which was founded in 976 ad. for more than a thousand years, it has been known as "Millennium institution of higher learning". Self taught examination is an important part of higher ecation system, which is under the centralized management of distance and continuing ecation college
Hunan Institute of public relations for advanced studies was established in 1992 with the approval of Hunan Provincial Department of ecation, registered by the Ministry of ecation of the people's Republic of China, and directly under the management of Changsha Ecation Bureau. The college is located in the city of Hexi University in Changsha, at the foot of Yuelu Mountain with three famous universities. It has a beautiful environment and strong academic atmosphere. The college has strong faculty, capable management team, and 70% of the teachers have middle and senior titles. Adhering to the advanced school running concept of "serving the country, serving the society, serving parents and students", the school has made many students become the pillars of the motherland. It also adheres to the school running mode of "strengthening management, comprehensive training and targeted employment", and strives to cultivate high-quality practical, compound and innovative talents who are proficient in foreign languages, management, operation, etiquette and public relations for the society Export oriented talents
after the investigation of the University and the approval of the competent department of ecation, the College of distance and continuing ecation of Hunan University has set up a self-taught examination aid station in our college to carry out the self-taught examination aid activities for related majors<
Introction to major
1. Accounting
main courses: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to basic principles of Marxism, probability theory and mathematical statistics, linear algebra, English 2, computer application in management system, financial theory and practice, asset evaluation, advanced financial accounting, auditing, financial statement analysis I, marketing, accounting system design, accounting system design, accounting system design, accounting system design, etc International trade theory and practice
Training Objective: to cultivate senior application-oriented talents with knowledge of management, economics, accounting, etc., who are competent for the work of enterprises, institutions and financial institutions< Major courses: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to basic principles of Marxism, probability theory and mathematical statistics, linear algebra, English 2, computer application in management system, introction to foreign economic management, principles of management, financial management Principles of international finance, financial market, banking accounting, marketing and insurance
Training Objective: to cultivate senior professionals who have theoretical knowledge and business skills in finance and can engage in relevant work in banking, securities, investment, insurance and other economic management departments and enterprises< Major courses: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to basic principles of Marxism, probability theory and mathematical statistics, complex function and integral transformation, English 2, physical engineering, simulation, digital and power electronic technology, Fundamentals of mechanical engineering control, sensor and detection technology Instrial microcomputers, engineering economy, modern design methods, mechatronics system design
Training Objective: to cultivate the first-line high-tech application-oriented talents who can skillfully carry out the application, maintenance, installation, debugging, sales and management of mechatronics procts and equipment
professional qualification certificate: mechanical and electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, electronic engineer, electrical engineer, electrician certificate, welder certificate, etc.
4. Economic information management
main courses: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to basic principles of Marxism, Applied Economic Mathematics (2), English 2, intermediate financial accounting, advanced language programming Introction to e-commerce, network economy and enterprise management, database and its application, computer network technology, applied mathematical statistics, social research methods, and economic forecasting methods Senior application-oriented professionals in economic information management such as securities operation and e-commerce can be examined for professional qualification certificates: e-commerce engineer, computer level II qualification certificate, English level certificate, sales management course: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to Marxist basic principles, English level II, introction to economic law, computer application in management system, etc Training objective: to cultivate senior management personnel who are familiar with market research, proct sales, customer service and market management
professional qualification certificate: China sales manager professional level certificate, sales director professional level certificate, English level certificate, etc.
6. Instrial Engineering Management
main courses: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to basic principles of Marxism, probability theory and mathematical statistics, linear algebra, English 2, computer application in management system, operations research, mathematical statistics, etc Financial management, engineering economics, strategic management, public relations, management psychology
Training Objective: to cultivate compound senior management talents who have the basic knowledge of management, economics and civil engineering technology, master the theories, methods and means of modern management science, and can be engaged in project decision-making and whole process management in the field of engineering construction at home and abroad< Major courses: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to basic principles of Marxism, probability theory and mathematical statistics, linear algebra, English 2, computer application in management system, principles of management, financial management, theory and practice of international trade Financial theory and practice, business strategy, organizational behavior, quality management (1), business management consulting
Training Objective: to cultivate the basic ability of strong language expression ability, interpersonal communication ability and analyzing and solving the actual economic management problems of enterprises, so as to cultivate a solid foundation and ability to adapt to the development needs of instrial and commercial enterprises in the new century Business administration talents with strong adaptability< Major courses: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to basic principles of Marxism, probability theory and mathematical statistics, linear algebra, political economy, English 2, introction to economic law, financial management of logistics enterprises, operation of logistics management software Logistics case and Practice II, inventory management II, procurement and supply management II, transportation management II, warehousing management II, logistics enterprise management, supply chain management
Training Objective: to cultivate senior application-oriented talents with solid modern logistics management theory and higher operation skills, and engaged in logistics management in social modern logistics center and enterprise logistics management department< Major courses: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to basic principles of Marxism, engineering mathematics, engineering applied English, engineering machinery, bridge and culvert hydrology, structural design principles, highway engineering CAD, engineering bidding and contract management, bridge engineering, engineering supervision, engineering management, etc Project management
Training Objective: to cultivate applied higher engineering and technical talents engaged in survey, design, construction, project management, supervision and test detection of civil engineering such as highway, bridge and construction
professional qualification certificate: Geotechnical certificate, survey certificate, supervisor, project manager, etc
Hunan Institute of public relations for advanced studies was established in 1992 with the approval of Hunan Provincial Department of ecation, registered by the Ministry of ecation of the people's Republic of China, and directly under the management of Changsha Ecation Bureau. The college is located in the city of Hexi University in Changsha, at the foot of Yuelu Mountain with three famous universities. It has a beautiful environment and strong academic atmosphere. The college has strong faculty, capable management team, and 70% of the teachers have middle and senior titles. Adhering to the advanced school running concept of "serving the country, serving the society, serving parents and students", the school has made many students become the pillars of the motherland. It also adheres to the school running mode of "strengthening management, comprehensive training and targeted employment", and strives to cultivate high-quality practical, compound and innovative talents who are proficient in foreign languages, management, operation, etiquette and public relations for the society Export oriented talents
after the investigation of the University and the approval of the competent department of ecation, the College of distance and continuing ecation of Hunan University has set up a self-taught examination aid station in our college to carry out the self-taught examination aid activities for related majors<
Introction to major
1. Accounting
main courses: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to basic principles of Marxism, probability theory and mathematical statistics, linear algebra, English 2, computer application in management system, financial theory and practice, asset evaluation, advanced financial accounting, auditing, financial statement analysis I, marketing, accounting system design, accounting system design, accounting system design, accounting system design, etc International trade theory and practice
Training Objective: to cultivate senior application-oriented talents with knowledge of management, economics, accounting, etc., who are competent for the work of enterprises, institutions and financial institutions< Major courses: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to basic principles of Marxism, probability theory and mathematical statistics, linear algebra, English 2, computer application in management system, introction to foreign economic management, principles of management, financial management Principles of international finance, financial market, banking accounting, marketing and insurance
Training Objective: to cultivate senior professionals who have theoretical knowledge and business skills in finance and can engage in relevant work in banking, securities, investment, insurance and other economic management departments and enterprises< Major courses: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to basic principles of Marxism, probability theory and mathematical statistics, complex function and integral transformation, English 2, physical engineering, simulation, digital and power electronic technology, Fundamentals of mechanical engineering control, sensor and detection technology Instrial microcomputers, engineering economy, modern design methods, mechatronics system design
Training Objective: to cultivate the first-line high-tech application-oriented talents who can skillfully carry out the application, maintenance, installation, debugging, sales and management of mechatronics procts and equipment
professional qualification certificate: mechanical and electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, electronic engineer, electrical engineer, electrician certificate, welder certificate, etc.
4. Economic information management
main courses: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to basic principles of Marxism, Applied Economic Mathematics (2), English 2, intermediate financial accounting, advanced language programming Introction to e-commerce, network economy and enterprise management, database and its application, computer network technology, applied mathematical statistics, social research methods, and economic forecasting methods Senior application-oriented professionals in economic information management such as securities operation and e-commerce can be examined for professional qualification certificates: e-commerce engineer, computer level II qualification certificate, English level certificate, sales management course: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to Marxist basic principles, English level II, introction to economic law, computer application in management system, etc Training objective: to cultivate senior management personnel who are familiar with market research, proct sales, customer service and market management
professional qualification certificate: China sales manager professional level certificate, sales director professional level certificate, English level certificate, etc.
6. Instrial Engineering Management
main courses: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to basic principles of Marxism, probability theory and mathematical statistics, linear algebra, English 2, computer application in management system, operations research, mathematical statistics, etc Financial management, engineering economics, strategic management, public relations, management psychology
Training Objective: to cultivate compound senior management talents who have the basic knowledge of management, economics and civil engineering technology, master the theories, methods and means of modern management science, and can be engaged in project decision-making and whole process management in the field of engineering construction at home and abroad< Major courses: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to basic principles of Marxism, probability theory and mathematical statistics, linear algebra, English 2, computer application in management system, principles of management, financial management, theory and practice of international trade Financial theory and practice, business strategy, organizational behavior, quality management (1), business management consulting
Training Objective: to cultivate the basic ability of strong language expression ability, interpersonal communication ability and analyzing and solving the actual economic management problems of enterprises, so as to cultivate a solid foundation and ability to adapt to the development needs of instrial and commercial enterprises in the new century Business administration talents with strong adaptability< Major courses: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to basic principles of Marxism, probability theory and mathematical statistics, linear algebra, political economy, English 2, introction to economic law, financial management of logistics enterprises, operation of logistics management software Logistics case and Practice II, inventory management II, procurement and supply management II, transportation management II, warehousing management II, logistics enterprise management, supply chain management
Training Objective: to cultivate senior application-oriented talents with solid modern logistics management theory and higher operation skills, and engaged in logistics management in social modern logistics center and enterprise logistics management department< Major courses: outline of modern Chinese history, introction to basic principles of Marxism, engineering mathematics, engineering applied English, engineering machinery, bridge and culvert hydrology, structural design principles, highway engineering CAD, engineering bidding and contract management, bridge engineering, engineering supervision, engineering management, etc Project management
Training Objective: to cultivate applied higher engineering and technical talents engaged in survey, design, construction, project management, supervision and test detection of civil engineering such as highway, bridge and construction
professional qualification certificate: Geotechnical certificate, survey certificate, supervisor, project manager, etc
9. No,
you need to go to the self-taught examination office to register in advance,
including which major you want to test, etc.
after you register, you will buy a book to study at home,
before the fast test, you will be informed to apply for the examination certificate,
there will be your student status number and the test location on it, The examination room number is very detailed
good luck
Add: LZ you are in Hebei, I am also in Hebei, so you are in a bit of trouble
when you can only register, go to Guizhou newspaper once
and then go to Guizhou for the examination.
Why do you want to go to Guizhou
if the major you apply for says: College of examinees, then you will have the seal of that school and the seal of the local Self-taught Examination Office on your graation certificate
you need to go to the self-taught examination office to register in advance,
including which major you want to test, etc.
after you register, you will buy a book to study at home,
before the fast test, you will be informed to apply for the examination certificate,
there will be your student status number and the test location on it, The examination room number is very detailed
good luck
Add: LZ you are in Hebei, I am also in Hebei, so you are in a bit of trouble
when you can only register, go to Guizhou newspaper once
and then go to Guizhou for the examination.
Why do you want to go to Guizhou
if the major you apply for says: College of examinees, then you will have the seal of that school and the seal of the local Self-taught Examination Office on your graation certificate
Hot content