Mining dynamic planning

2. The positioning of edge router is to connect users from local area network to wide area network. Today, there are still great differences between local area network and wide area network technology, edge router shoulders a variety of important tasks. In short, it is to meet the needs of users for a variety of services, from simple networking to complex multimedia services and VPN services. This requires the edge router to have excellent implementation ability in both hardware and software. As a result, the equipment providers have launched a fierce competition, deriving a variety of new technical means< When evaluating the edge router, at least the following technical parameters should be checked

performance: network processor is the main determinant of performance. Generally speaking, the general network processor can only complete the preset programming ability, which is far from meeting the needs of the ever-changing development. Therefore, the powerful manufacturers basically develop their own ASIC chips. These ASIC chips process the traffic flow at line speed, and can deal with multiple protocols, such as PPP, frame relay, ATM, etc., and adapt the data of multiple protocols to IP protocols, From this point of view, the edge router will play an important role in realizing the future all IP network

port density and scalability: operators like machines with high port density, which will leave them plenty of expansion space. The expansion is mainly realized by stacking. Good expansion characteristics will break through the limit of single chassis, and the capacity can be expanded smoothly on demand

reliability: This includes network reliability and equipment reliability. The network reliability depends on the physical network supported by the router. For traditional technologies such as SDH / SONET, the network has carrier level reliability. For long-distance Ethernet, there are some new technologies, such as optical Ethernet and 802.17 RPR (resilient packet ring). But with the rapid development of man construction, RPR should be an essential feature of edge router. Equipment reliability depends on the level of software and hardware implementation, which requires the implementer to determine the optimal architecture, and to pour effort into the development<

MPLS: MPLS is a two-layer and three-layer fusion technology, which is equivalent to the signaling of IP network, and can provide fine-grained control of traffic flow and high-level management of bandwidth

business classification and quality: business classification is qualitative, while business quality is quantitative, which is more and more concerned by users. Because the underlying physical network for business classification and bandwidth management support is uneven, at present each manufacturer has its own basic proprietary technology. With the graal maturity of MPLS and other technologies, edge router will eventually achieve carrier level support for service classification and quality

operation support: the edge router is the core equipment of the service provider. It needs to support the operation requirements of the operator, including management, billing, authentication, encryption and so on. Generally, routers need to provide operation support systems (OSS) interface and comply with relevant standards

in view of the users' never satisfied demand for services and bandwidth, edge routers will adopt more and more technologies and have higher and higher technology content. At the same time of ensuring high-speed connection, a variety of data processing work is needed, which requires chip manufacturers to provide advanced network processor chips and transceiver chips to ensure the line speed level. The edge router also needs to have enough intelligence. For example, when the control layer software fails and restarts, the impact of this action on the load flow should be as small as possible, which requires the control layer to retain some states, so that the functions of the data layer are not affected by the restart, which is of great significance to the operation of all IP network in the future

demand is a barometer

with the continuous progress of technology and the continuous updating of demand, the edge router has to constantly adapt to the new application environment, and is often ahead of the development of standards. Who caters to the market is the biggest winner. From the perspective of high-level protocol, IP network is the direction, and edge devices should fully meet the requirements of various services for IP network bearer, such as security, mobility and QoS. From the perspective of transport layer, "optical Ethernet + RPR" with good performance price ratio is the direction, which will go hand in hand with the future all IP network. Therefore, the future edge router will at least realize the functions of IPSec, MPLS and mobile IP, and provide the RPR network interface of physical layer. In the short run, the construction of man is a hot spot, because it will directly meet the urgent demand of urban users for bandwidth, which is in contradiction with the operators' rection of infrastructure investment at the present stage. The solution to this contradiction lies in whether the edge router can provide the support means of the underlying software and hardware, so that the operators can carry out new and attractive services, So there is no need to expand the network on a large scale

the future IP network will undertake the services carried by today's multiple parallel networks. The edge router is the entrance and exit of these service data, and its performance directly affects the operation level of the whole network. In this field of sensitive user needs, developers need to constantly innovate. Only by firmly grasping the market needs and technology development direction, can they survive forever on the edge of the network.

3. mining engineering laboratory construction and planning

first, construction direction
with the implementation of the national western development strategy, in order to meet the needs of the western development, especially the coal development in Guizhou Province: 1) the cultivation of mining high-tech talents, focusing on the cultivation of mining engineering postgraates; 2) The need of high-level mining research focuses on High-yield and efficient coal, sustainable development, mine safety, mine construction, coal processing, coal mine economy, etc; 3) The need of undergraate teaching, especially the need of undergraate professional course teaching experiment; 4) The need to expand foreign technical services focuses on the cultivation of foreign alt ecation students, foreign engineering testing, consulting and other social services< According to the requirements of the state for Guizhou University to enter 211 Engineering school laboratory construction, and the needs of western development for coal development in Guizhou, the advantages of key disciplines of mining engineering should be given full play and reflected. In the future, the construction goal of mining engineering laboratory is to strive to build Guizhou Provincial key laboratory, Strive to build a state-level key laboratory< (1) to further strengthen the construction of rock mechanics laboratory
the existing rock mechanics laboratory equipment are small and medium-sized equipment, and most of them are procts of the 1980s. The equipment is aging, simple and not large-scale, which can not meet the needs of high-level personnel training and high-level scientific research. It is planned to purchase MTS rock mechanics testing system, three-dimensional pressure testing machine and other equipment, Further strengthen the construction of rock mechanics laboratory< (2) improve the construction of mine gas laboratory
the coal mine safety problem is becoming more and more serious, and the state attaches great importance to it, especially the coal mine safety proction situation in Guizhou Province is not optimistic. According to statistics, in 2004, the coal proction point of Guizhou Province was 1 / 20 of the whole country, and the fatal accidents accounted for 1 / 7 of the whole country, which is the province with the largest number of deaths, The mine gas is one of the main disasters in the construction and proction of coal mines. Guizhou Province is a high incidence area of coal mine gas accidents. The complex geological conditions, coal spontaneous combustion, coal st explosion, high gas or coal and gas outburst restrict the safe proction and sustainable development of coal in Guizhou Province, It is very necessary to take the lead in establishing mine gas laboratory in Guizhou, give full play to the advantages of colleges and universities, and strengthen the research of coal mine gas disaster. Therefore, it is planned to purchase and build the equipment of mine gas, coal st, coal spontaneous combustion, gas outburst identification, and strengthen the construction of mine gas laboratory< (3) strengthen the construction of mine pressure testing technology laboratory
as one of the five major disasters of coal mine, roof disaster accounts for a large proportion in the accident statistics in 2004, which is basically equal to the death toll of gas accidents. As one of the main courses and directions of mining engineering, mine pressure and testing technology study the mine pressure and its behavior law, Therefore, it is necessary to improve and supplement the mine pressure test equipment and strengthen the construction of mine pressure test technology laboratory< (4) the establishment of tunnel engineering and blasting laboratory
mine construction is inseparable from tunnel engineering and blasting engineering. The main contents of mine construction are tunnel section shape, support mode, layout, construction and blasting. Tunnel engineering is the main course of mining engineering, In the laboratory of mining engineering, the equipment of tunnel engineering laboratory has always been a blank, which brings great difficulty to the teaching and scientific research of tunnel engineering and blasting course. Therefore, it is proposed to establish tunnel engineering and blasting laboratory<

(5) construction of mining method laboratory
mining method is the main course of mining engineering. The biggest difference between coal mine engineering and other engineering is that the main engineering (roadway system) of coal mine engineering is located in the underground, and the underground roadway is complex, forming a complex three-dimensional spatial structure, so students can not directly observe its spatial structure even when they go down to practice, Therefore, the traditional teaching method is very difficult for students to understand and master the coal mine roadway system, teaching is very difficult, so we must strengthen the construction of mining method model, sound, light, graphics, images and other teaching courseware of mining method, and further improve the construction of mining method laboratory<

(6) construction of mining similar simulation laboratory
underground engineering structures are built in underground original rock, which belong to the building of "stress first, then structure", while surface engineering belongs to the building structure of "stress first, then structure", so it is difficult to measure the deformation and deformation of underground roadway and stope by field measurement According to the similarity principle, the more effective method is to establish the similar simulation model of underground roadway excavation and stope mining in the laboratory to simulate the mining activities and study the activity law of the structure itself and surrounding rock<

(7) strengthen the construction of mine electrical laboratory
mine power supply is the basic guarantee for the safety proction of underground coal mine. The electrical laboratory equipment of Institute of mining and technology is the original mine electrical professional laboratory equipment, which is basically the procts of the 1970s and 1980s. The equipment is aging and backward, and many equipment has been scrapped, so it is necessary to supplement and improve the mine electrical laboratory in time< In the above laboratory construction content, mine rock mechanics laboratory and mine gas laboratory are mainly built. Some equipment to be purchased are as follows:

serial number
equipment name
reference model
reference manufacturer
reference unit price

(ten thousand yuan)
purchase quantity
reference amount

(ten thousand yuan)
remarks

1
rock mechanics test system
mts815-02
MTS company of America
460.00
1 set
460.00
rock Mechanical test of concrete

2
true triaxial confining pressure system
YW-1
Changchun testing machine factory
26.00
1 set of
26.00
true triaxial test of rock and concrete

3
bending toughness meter of rock and concrete
el33-6170
USA
7.500
1 set
7.500
rock and concrete Concrete material bending test

4
creep / stress fracture testing machine
dfl10
satrc company
25.00
1 set
25.00
rock creep / stress fracture test

5
concrete press
adr3000bs
ele company
28.10
1 set
28.10
concrete test

6
pressure test system
600wh
SA TRC
26.30
1 set
26.30
rock mechanics test

7
underground engineering structure test system
bdi-sts
USA
85.000
1 set
85.00
underground engineering structure test sensor

8
underground engineering structure test sensor
385
USA
1.300
12
15.60
underground engineering structure test system Set of

9
mining method model

25.00
1 set of
25.00
Mining Method Teaching

10
mining method courseware

3.00
1 set of
3.00
Mining Method Teaching


11
mine pressure observation equipment
mine pressure instrument, roof and floor approach measuring instrument, single hydraulic prop measuring instrument, roof sinking speed alarm instrument, roof sinking speed measuring instrument, roof sinking speed measuring instrument, roof sinking speed measuring instrument, roof sinking speed measuring instrument, roof sinking speed measuring instrument, etc Measuring gun, hydraulic support model

5.00
3 sets
15.00
mine pressure experiment

12
mine electrical experiment
DW80 switch, grounding resistance tester, JY82 leakage detection relay, leakage switch tester, high voltage insulation tester, ultra high voltage withstand voltage tester, Remote power off instrument

8.00
3 sets
24.00
mine electrical experiment

13
mine roadway and blasting experiment
low frequency vibration parameter acquisition and analysis system, digital detonator parameter tester, detonation velocity tester, air shock wave velocity tester
Xiangxi mine electronic equipment factory, etc.
10.00
3 sets
mine roadway and blasting experiment
30.00
mine roadway and blasting experiment Blasting experiment

14
3D laser scanning system
irris-3d
Optech company
300.00
1 set
300.00
Coal Mine Under the three-dimensional laser scanning

15
mine main fan performance tester

Chongqing Branch of General Coal Research Institute
19.80
1 set
19.80
performance measurement of mine main fan

16
coal mine safety detection system experiment
KJ90
Chongqing Branch of General Coal Research Institute
12.90
1 set
12.90
coal mine safety monitoring Monitoring

17
gas desorption instrument and supporting sampling device

Chongqing Branch of General Coal Research Institute
4.25
1 set
4.25
gas experiment

18
gas outburst prediction instrument

Chongqing Branch of General Coal Research Institute
3.10
1 set
3.10
gas outburst prediction

19
static resistance strain gauge
yj-31-p10r
Huadong power Sub instrument factory
0.320
3 sets
0.960
strain test

20
dynamic resistance strain gauge
yd-28 / 6
East China Electronic Instrument Factory
0.850
1 set
strain test

21
total

en, first of all, I graated from mining engineering, I can introce how to do after work, It's better to write your own plan. It's good for you

1. Since it's a career, you must first set a goal. What goal, of course, is the goal of promotion. Where do you want to work in the future, such as coal mine, well construction department, Safety Supervision Bureau, coal Supervision Bureau? Which department do you want to work in? Think about this first

2. The best thing to do is to go to the coal mine. When you get to the coal mine, you should practice first, and the excavators are transported. You have to go to practice, and graally understand the things in the coal mine. In fact, the things in the school are almost completely different from those in the coal mine. It takes less than 10% to experience

3. After graation from the internship, you should be assigned to a department. Through the internship, the leaders will definitely see which department you work well in, and they will assign you to where. When you meet the corresponding department ring the internship, you will perform well. Generally speaking, here you are going to be a technician and begin to contact with the operation proceres and measures

4. In one year, you will be assigned to work in the grass-roots company. If it matters, you can work in the organization, but it's the best to go to the company. You can learn more about the scene knowledge. You will find that the scene and books are totally different things. Here, you will basically serve as a technician or deputy district level cadre of the company. You must be responsible for the technical data and ground data of the company, Also want to be the senior secretary of the secretary team leader, this period of time is your most tired time, persist can get the high appreciation of the leadership

5. If you perform well, you should be transferred to the department again. Here you may be promoted to the deputy section chief of the Department and pay attention to the relationship with the leaders

6. After a period of time, you will get off the company again. Here, the company is not ordinary. You will start to hold the principal position, such as team leader and secretary. In fact, this is the real beginning of your career. Work hard and use all your skills. Not only should you deal with workers, but also leaders. Take out safety and output, make more achievements and try to get all the honors you can get

7

4. Choice is more important than effort "
" men are afraid to get into the wrong business, women are afraid to marry the wrong man "
" for a ship without a course, any wind is not favorable "
" a person who puts the right place is a talent, and if he puts the wrong place, he will become a fool "
" the work you like is not necessarily the work you are good at, Therefore, it's not necessarily the right job for you "
there are many factors that determine a person's career success in his life, but the most important one is: do you know clearly what he wants to do most in his life

career planning china.com is the first professional career consulting organization with the largest number of career consulting cases, the best effect and the most professional established in China. Since 2002, it has been focusing on providing practical, grounded and logical solutions for people with career confusion on the direction and path of career development. We always insist on not doing the career evaluation of automatically generated results, because this kind of career evaluation is often inaccurate. After finishing the occupational test questions, we must communicate with experts to correct and confirm, so as to get accurate results. More than 95% of the people choose online video communication, and the consultation effect is the same as the interview. More than 90% of the people who consulted "career orientation and career planning" and went to work or study according to the planning plan found jobs that they liked and did successfully.

5. Isn't that the knapsack problem? I think there's something wrong with your recursion.

6.

1、 Commercial mineral exploration and mining instry are included in the primary instry

in the current national economic instry classification (GB / t4754-2002), mining instry is classified as the secondary instry, while geological exploration instry is classified as the tertiary instry. Commercial mineral exploration and mining are primary instries directly engaged in the exploration and development of natural resources, and are the most basic instries of the national economy. According to the definition of "the instry that directly obtains material and energy from nature" as the primary instry, and mineral procts are directly obtained from nature, the mining instry has no purchase link of raw materials, which is in line with the category of the primary instry. The mining instry, including mineral exploration, is generally classified as the primary instry in the world's major mining countries, and low tax rates are implemented. Commercial mineral exploration is the preliminary work of the mining instry, which should also belong to the scope of the primary instry. In the joint venture, geological exploration, mining and mineral processing are also the primary instries, which are different from the smelting, processing, coking, chemical and other instries in the rear. At present, China's commercial mineral geological exploration instry and mining instry present a kind of weak instry characteristics. The main dilemma is that its basic instry status has not been really established, which leads to the failure to formulate a set of unified system and preferential policies in line with the laws of mineral economy, which leads to a more crisis and complex situation than agriculture. According to the international practice, it is urgent to adjust the commercial geological exploration and mining instry to the primary instry, and formulate the fiscal, tax, financial and investment policies corresponding to its instrial status. In addition, the commercial mineral exploration and mining should be included in the primary instry, which is also concive to the better integration of mineral exploration into the mining instry

Second, further play the basic role of the market in the allocation of exploration factors

to further standardize and develop the mining rights market, we should first clearly define the primary market and secondary market of mining rights according to the relevant laws and regulations. In particular, efforts should be made to develop the secondary market. All mining rights formed through investment belong to the secondary market. Even if the government invests, they will be transferred when they are sold, not transferred. Only in this way can we create a fair competition environment for the development of the secondary market of mining rights. Secondly, it is necessary to strictly distinguish the legal administration of mining rights from the direct transfer of mining rights. All mining rights entering the market, no matter who the subject belongs to, should abide by the laws and regulations of the market. You can't be both an athlete and a referee. Third, we should strengthen the construction of the tangible market of mining rights. We can consider establishing a unified mining rights exchange in the whole country, establishing several branches in important areas, and connecting them to ensure the smooth flow of information; It is necessary to strictly enforce the market access and exit system and standardize the operation rules. The investment in mineral exploration must be capitalized. It is not allowed to enter the market for business operations by the units that guarantee the bottom of the business expenses and government funds, so as to standardize the trading behavior, eliminate any form of monopoly and ensure fair competition in the market; By standardizing market behavior, strengthening regulation and supervision, a smooth and orderly national unified market will be established

The corresponding information management system should be established in the management of mining right market, such as mining right registration, file management, dynamic map management system. Each applicant for exploration and mining should be registered first, and a file should be established for each known mining area and deposit to record in detail the history and current situation of exploration and mining, including the changes of exploration and mining companies and property rights. The establishment of a national network of mining rights management information system, in accordance with which to achieve transparent management of mining rights information, the formation of a sound information disclosure mechanism

It is necessary to establish and improve the market system matching with the mining right market. First of all, for the formed labor market of mineral exploration technology, it is necessary to formulate qualification conditions of different types and levels, strictly enforce the access system, standardize the market behavior, and ensure the fairness and justice of the market. Secondly, we should communicate with the financial and financial departments to start the financing market of mineral exploration in China as soon as possible. We can first list special topics, organize experts to carry out feasibility study, and strive to break through the obstacles of exploration capitalization to securitization. In the preparation of domestic mining financing market, enterprises should be allowed and guided to foreign financial markets for mining financing. In this way, the mining financing experience of market economy countries will be introced into China, and combined with China's specific national conditions, China's mining financing market will be established. In order to cooperate with the trading of mining rights and create good basic conditions for the start-up of the mineral exploration financing market, we should seriously rectify the existing intermediary organizations, standardize their qualifications, strictly check the quality, and promote the establishment of the independent geologist system, so as to form a credible mining rights evaluation institution, and actively create conditions to give full play to the role of intermediary

start the market of exploration right circulation. First of all, the mining right invested by the state should be taken as an example to make it really circulate. To promote the development of commercial mineral exploration market, it is necessary to formulate policies to transfer the state-owned exploration rights in a reasonable way

Third, continue to promote the reform and development of market players, promote the integration of exploration and mining, continue to promote the reform of property rights system and main business of state-owned geological exploration units, and deepen the reform of state-owned mining enterprises. In combination with the reform of geological exploration system, we should develop small and medium-sized exploration companies and encourage the formation of large mining companies with exploration investment ability and competitiveness. Establish a smooth connection mechanism between exploration companies and mining enterprises. Encourage and support private enterprises to enter the field of mineral exploration and development

(1) transformation of state-owned mining enterprises the state-owned mining enterprises are not only the main body of mineral exploration market, but also the major demanders of mineral exploration achievements. From now on, all forms of free occupation of mineral resources and exploration results should be stopped. In the future, all state-owned mines must solve their own mineral resources through their own investment. If the exploration cost of the available reserves kept by the mine is not included in the capital construction cost, it must be assessed and recorded as asset management, so as to ensure equal competition among market entities

In the proction and operation activities of the existing geological exploration units, those engaged in mineral exploration, whether operating mining rights or contracting exploration technical services, are all part of the enterprise behavior, not part of the enterprise. After the reform, the main business of geological exploration may consist of several forms: first, exploration and mining enterprises; Second, exploration enterprises that carry out exploration and transfer exploration rights; Third, exploration technology labor consulting service enterprises. Therefore, geological prospecting units must adhere to and accelerate the reform of enterprise, and the government should give specific, effective and operable support to the enterprise of geological prospecting units. It is very important to give full play to the role of the former state-owned geological prospecting units

(3) create a good environment and vigorously support private enterprises, joint-stock enterprises and foreign enterprises with scale operation to enter the field of mineral exploration. Through their entry, they are bound to set a good example for other market players and form a benign competitive pressure. The private mining enterprises should strengthen management and do a good job in service

Fourthly, strengthen the construction of laws and policies for mineral exploration and establish clear, transparent and stable laws and regulations for commercial mineral exploration as soon as possible. In order to speed up the revision of the mineral resources law of the people's Republic of China, it is suggested that the promotion of commercial mineral exploration should be considered as one of the important contents in the revision of the mineral resources law. Strengthen the protection of mining rights as property rights through legislation. Establish a stable policy and legal system. Clear, transparent and stable laws and regulations on commercial mineral exploration should be established to ensure the effective rights and interests of exploration rights, so as to make the investors' rights and interests expectations clear

Market economy is a legal economy, and the most important and basic condition for commercial mineral exploration is to have a sound and perfect system of relevant laws and regulations. With the development of the situation, the current "mineral resources law of the people's Republic of China" can no longer meet the requirements of establishing an orderly mining rights market system. It is an objective requirement and consensus to make a major revision to it again. The most important thing is to solve the problem of clear ownership of mineral resources property rights. It is necessary to study the theoretical issues such as the state ownership of mineral resources and the right to use mineral resources, the property rights of mineral resources and the rights of exploration and mining, as well as the attributes of the rights of exploration and mining. On this basis, we should establish various legal systems of mineral resources management, and clarify the rights and responsibilities of governments at all levels and market entities. At the same time, we should give full consideration to the establishment of legal systems to encourage mineral resources exploration, standardize the behavior of exploration subjects, guide and supervise the exploration market, and reasonably determine the relationship between responsibilities and rights and the distribution of interests. Before the promulgation of the newly revised mineral resources law of the people's Republic of China, the relevant laws and regulations should be improved in e time. The existing laws and regulations, rules and departmental documents should be sorted out in view of some new situations and problems, and those that do not conform to the current laws should be abolished; According to the hot and difficult issues in the process of implementing the current laws and regulations and the needs of establishing and perfecting the market system, some current laws and regulations and policies should be improved, such as the management method of price collection and distribution, market access conditions and scope, as well as the interest distribution in the market operation and the "bidding, auction and hanging" of exploration rights, From the policy level to regulate

further clarify and refine the implementation of "priority". Learn from Australia's retention license system. This kind of license can make the exploration right owner not enter the development stage temporarily if the market conditions are not good after finding resources, and then enter the next stage after the project is economically feasible. In Victoria, Queensland and Tasmania, exploration permits can be converted directly into mining leases. To apply for a retention permit, a work plan and evidence of potential economic mineralization must be submitted. In most states, the procere for applying for a retention permit is similar to that for an exploration permit, requiring notification to the public, landowners, and occupiers. The retention permit is generally valid for 5 years and can be extended. During the retention period, further exploration work can be carried out

the most effective measure and guarantee to strengthen mineral exploration is to speed up the research and demonstration of the amendment of the mineral resources law of the people's Republic of China and related laws and regulations, and improve the quality of the amendment of the mineral resources law of the people's Republic of China. In China, a large number of civil and commercial economic laws and regulations are departmental legislation. There are conflicts of interest between departments, and conflicts between laws and regulations will appear from time to time, which is difficult to avoid. Mining legislation involves finance, taxation, finance, environmental protection, land, grassland and forest, business administration, import and export, labor, safety and other aspects. The process of amending the law needs to pay attention to the coordination at the national level. In the process of amending the law, it is necessary to establish the relationship between the government departments, between the government departments and the mining instry, and between the government departments, the mining instry and the public sector

7. The major of mining engineering is geology and mining major, which mainly studies and studies the theory and method of deposit mining, and develops new mining technology. In the world, the major of mining came into being earlier, and it has a long history in the period of western instrial revolution. China first established the major in China University of mining and technology in 1909, which was named Jiaozuo road and mine school at that time. The major of mining is to train high-level engineering and technical personnel who have the basic theory and method of mining solid (coal, metal and non-metal) deposits, the basic ability of mining engineer, and can engage in the scientific research of mining area development planning, mine (open pit and underground) design, mine safety technology and engineering design, supervision, proction technology management in the mining field< In view of the leading position of mining instry in the process of instrialization, countries all over the world attach great importance to the transformation of its theoretical research and achievements into proctivity. Mining engineering professionals from all over the world are tireless and conscientious. They make bold exploration in mining research by using all advanced technologies and theories such as computer technology, automatic control idea and systematic viewpoint, which greatly promotes the development direction of safety, economy and efficiency of mining engineering. Due to the immaturity and imperfection of the traditional mining instry, the phenomenon of low proctivity, low efficiency and serious environmental pollution has been alleviated by theoretical research. The professional development trend of automation and environmental protection has been formed, and a large number of applications and promotion have been made in the specific proction process. The major of mining engineering cultivates senior mining engineering professionals with all-round development of morality, intelligence, sports, beauty and labor. After graation, they are assigned to the proction and development, scientific research and teaching work of six categories of mining, water conservancy, railway, underground, engineering and environmental protection departments, including metallurgy, nonferrous metals, chemical instry, nuclear instry, non-metal and coal instry. In fact, the continuation of mining engineering is fully combined with advanced ideas and technologies such as automatic control, computer technology, communication technology, etc. with the enterprising efforts of professionals, which greatly promotes the development of mining engineering theoretical research. Compared with the traditional theory and technology, it has greatly improved and is glowing with youth and vitality. However, there is no need to hide that the cultivation and employment of the professionals are facing a temporary oversupply. On the one hand, it is related to many people's one-sided understanding of its importance; on the other hand, it needs the bold exploration of mining engineering professionals, the novelty of discipline construction, the active combination with advanced technology, and the broadening of research fields to meet the needs of society, the people and the market, Secondly, it is necessary for the state to correctly evaluate the importance of the major and improve relevant policies. For those who want to do something in their own life, on the one hand, they should design something in line with their own life goals; on the other hand, they should start from the overall situation and engage in work that is important to the country and the people, rather than being dominated by one-sided views of public opinion. The development direction of mining engineering automation, economy and high efficiency has a bright future, which is in sharp contrast with the current situation of mining engineering. Because of the importance of mining engineering, the state has always paid great attention to it. For example, the increase of investment in environmental protection, the preferential policies for talent training, the further deepening of the reform of state-owned mining enterprises, the introction of competition mechanism, and the persistence of survival of the fittest, all these policies will have an extremely important impact and improvement on the proctivity of mining enterprises, the deepening and refinement of the theoretical research of scientific research units in relevant colleges and universities.

8. Unknown_Error

9. Contents of administrative punishment power of natural resources bureau:
1. The punishment of transferring the mining right to others for mining by means of contract and so on

2. The punishment of illegal occupation of land to build houses by rural villagers without approval or obtaining approval by fraud or exceeding the approved quantity
3 Penalties for renting and allocating land use rights
4. Penalties for occupying cultivated land to build kilns and graves, or building houses, digging sand, quarrying, mining, and soil on cultivated land without authorization, damaging planting conditions, or causing land desertification and salinization e to land development
5. Penalties for recovering state-owned land use rights according to law and refusing to hand over the land, or refusing to return the land at the expiration of the term of temporary use, Or the punishment of not using the state-owned land according to the approved use
6. The punishment of transferring, transferring or leasing the use right of the land owned by farmers' collectives for non-agricultural construction without authorization
7. The punishment of not handling the land change registration according to law
8. The punishment of building permanent buildings and structures on the land temporarily used
9 Before the formulation of the general land use plan, the punishment for the reconstruction and expansion of the buildings and structures that do not conform to the purposes determined in the general land use plan
10, the punishment for mining beyond the approved mining area
11, the punishment for trading, leasing or other forms of transfer of mineral resources
12 Penalties for destroying or moving boundary stakes or ground signs within the mining area without authorization.
13. Penalties for failing to pay mining right use fee and mining right price within the time limit
14. Penalties for failing to go through the registration proceres of change or cancellation of mining license
15. Penalties for concting exploration work without obtaining exploration license and exceeding the approved exploration area
16 Penalties for unauthorized rolling exploration and development, exploration and mining or trial mining; Failing to complete the minimum exploration investment; For the exploration project that has obtained the exploration license, if it fails to start the construction for 6 months or stops the exploration work for 6 months without any reason after the construction, the mining right owner shall be punished
18. If the mining right owner fails to pay the mineral resources compensation fee and overe fine according to the regulations, the mining right owner shall take the means of false report of mineral species, concealed proction and sales quantity, or false report of sales price and actual mining recovery rate, Penalties for failing to pay or underpaying mineral resources compensation fee, Penalties for mining activities damaging mine geological environment and ineffective management of geological disasters caused by mining Punishment for engaging in land development activities and developing barren hills, wasteland and wasteland without approval in the reclamation area determined in the general land use plan Penalties for land reclamation obligors failing to include land reclamation expenses in proction costs or total investment of construction projects in accordance with regulations Penalties for allowing other units to engage in geological exploration activities in the name of their own units and for carrying out mineral geological exploration activities for the entrusting party before obtaining the mineral resources exploration license and mining license If the geological exploration qualification certificate is not obtained, or the validity period of the geological exploration qualification certificate is expired, the punishment for engaging in geological exploration activities is
31, the punishment for printing or forging without authorization, or falsely using the exploration license is
32, the punishment for the mining right owner not closing the pit according to the regulations is
33, the punishment for illegally using the mining right as mortgage is
34 To engage in fraud in geological hazard risk assessment or deliberately conceal the true situation of geological hazard, fraud in geological hazard control engineering exploration, design, construction and supervision activities, rece engineering quality, and undertake geological hazard risk assessment, geological hazard control engineering exploration, design, construction and supervision without qualification certificate or beyond the scope permitted by its qualification level Penalties for construction and supervision business, undertaking geological hazard risk assessment, geological hazard control engineering exploration, design, construction and supervision business in the name of other units or allowing other units to undertake geological hazard control engineering exploration, design, construction and supervision business in the name of their own units
35 Penalties for ineffective protection and dynamic monitoring of geothermal water resources and failure to report the content of mine geological environment protection in the annual report
36 penalties for blasting, slope cutting, engineering construction and other activities that may cause geological disasters in the geological disaster risk area
37 penalties for entering the national planned mining area without obtaining mining license For mining areas of great value to the national economy, the punishment of protective mining of specific minerals according to the national regulations
37 the punishment of occupying, moving and damaging the signs of geological disaster danger areas and the signs of geological disaster prevention and control engineering facilities
39 the punishment of mining right holders for mining mineral resources not submitting annual reports, refusing to accept supervision and inspection or practicing fraud
40 Punishment for failing to timely change and cancel the qualification certificate of geological disaster control engineering exploration, design and construction units Penalties for damaging or damaging geological disaster monitoring facilities or geological disaster control engineering facilities
43. Penalties for failing to put on record or failing to establish a business manual before undertaking geological disaster risk assessment and geological disaster prevention engineering investigation, design, construction and supervision units
44. Penalties for forging geological data or practicing fraud in geological data collection
45 Punishment of printing or forging mining license without authorization and using mining license falsely, Or the punishment of fraud when accepting supervision and inspection
49. The punishment of changing the status quo of land use or land attachments without authorization before the settlement of disputes over land ownership and use right
50 The punishment of destroying or changing the sign of basic farmland protection zone without authorization
52. The punishment of refusing to fulfill the obligation of land reclamation
53, After the implementation of the regulations on land reclamation, the land reclamation obligors who continue to engage in proction and construction activities and cause land damage shall be punished for failing to make up the land reclamation plan in accordance with the provisions
54, and the geological disaster control project supervision units shall be punished for failing to go through the qualification certificate change and cancellation proceres in time according to the provisions
55 Punishment for failing to timely handle the proceres of changing and canceling the qualification certificate of geological hazard risk assessment
56 punishment for failing to pay the reclamation fee according to the regulations
57 punishment for failing to report the land damage, the use of land reclamation fee or the implementation of land reclamation project
58 punishment for temporarily occupying cultivated land The penalty of failing to restore the planting conditions within the time limit
59, the penalty of withholding, misappropriating, occupying cultivated land reclamation fee, land reclamation fee, compensation for land acquisition and resettlement subsidy, and the penalty of refusing to pay the land use fee