Pciex16 mining
Pei-ex16 slot is a part of the motherboard, which is used to plug in graphics cards. It can use all PCI-E graphics cards
There are PCI, AGP, PCI-E and x16 graphics card slots on the motherboard, and now the mainstream is pci-e Although PCI-E x16 slot can be used to plug all PCI-E interface graphics cards, it is also restricted by other accessories, especially the processor3. For example, the configuration of al core processor PCI-E can use low-end graphics card, such as fine gtx650 or hd7750 below graphics card
if the processor is i5 or 4 core, it is necessary to use medium and high-end graphics cards, such as gtx750 to gtx760. If i7 or E3 is not as good, you can use high-end graphics cards such as gtx770 or gtx970 at most, and a card can be pushed in the same way
in a word, what kind of graphics card is the most suitable for PCI-E x16 slot? This mainly refers to what kind of processor the motherboard is equipped with, which is the key
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1. PCI Express X1 supports two-way data transmission, with a bandwidth of 250MB / s per direction. PCI Express X1 can meet the requirements of mainstream sound chips, network card chips and storage devices for data transmission bandwidth, but it is far from meeting the requirements of graphics chips for data transmission bandwidth
Therefore, the traditional AGP bus must be replaced by PCI Express x16, that is, 16 point-to-point data transmission channels. PCI Express x16 also supports two-way data transmission, with a bandwidth of 4GB / s for each direction of data transmission and 8GB / s for two-way data transmission. In contrast, AGP 8x data transmission, which is widely used at present, only provides 2.1gb/s data transmission bandwidthamong them, 2.0 and 3.0 represent PCI-E version. The transmission speed of different versions of PCI-E is different under the same number of channels. For example, the transmission speed of PCI-E 2.0 x16 is 16GB / s, while that of PCI-E 3.0 x16 can reach 32GB / s. About the compatibility between PCI-E versions, 3.0 is compatible with the downward version. For example, the graphics card of PCI-E 3.0 can be inserted into the motherboard slot of 2.0. At this time, it will actually work under 2.0
among them, x16 represents the number of 16 channels. In addition to x16, the common ones are X8, X4 and x1, which represent 8 channels, 4 channels and 1 channel respectively. PCI-E with different number of channels has different transmission speed. Generally speaking, PCI-E x16 interface is the unique interface. X16, X8, X4 and X1 devices can be used in the x16 slot. In addition to the graphics card, there are PCI-E SSD, PCI-E sound card, PCI-E expansion card, PCI-E network card and so on. When the PCI-E channel number of the device exceeds the PCI-E channel number of the motherboard slot, the slot specification shall prevail. For example, if you plug an x16 graphics card into the X8 slot, the graphics card can only work under X8.
PCI Express X8 / x16 and Beiqiao
X1 / X2 is mainly used to expand sound card, network card and other low-speed devices, and to eliminate PCI slot
X4 is used to expand disk array card and other medium speed devices, and to eliminate PCI-X slot
X8 / x16 is used to expand graphics card and other low-speed devices, and to eliminate AGP slot
the so-called × 16 refers to the bandwidth provided for the graphics card. Generally speaking, PCI-E's 16 times speed is the fastest (relative to the performance of each graphics card), so you will often hear that the graphics card will become a al speed card in the exchange of fire or speed × 8
in addition, PCI-E interface can be divided into 1.0 and 2.0. Strictly speaking, 2.0 can provide higher bandwidth and power supply, but the bandwidth provided by 1.0 can meet the needs of most graphics cards, so the status of 2.0 is not particularly prominent at present.
PCI Express x16 supports two-way data transmission with a bandwidth of 4GB / s and 8GB / s
PCI Express interfaces vary by bus bit width, including x1, x4, X8 and x16 (internal interfaces will use x2 mode instead of slot mode). A shorter PCI Express card can be used for a longer PCI Express slot
PCI Express interface changes according to the bus bit width, including x1, x4, X8 and x16 (the internal interface will use x2 mode instead of slot mode), where the transmission speed of X1 is 250MB / s, and x16 is equal to 16 times of x1, namely 4GB / s
the bit width of PCI Express interface used to replace AGP interface is x16, which can provide 5GB / s bandwidth. Even if there is code loss, it can still provide about 4GB / s of actual bandwidth, far more than the 2.1gb/s bandwidth of AGP 8x
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the common graphics card is PCI-E 2.0 developed in 2007, with a speed of 5GB / s and an x16 channel bandwidth of 8GB / s. According to the initial roadmap, PCI-E 3.0 will enter the market in 2010, but it is actually the final project completed in 2010. It is not until the release of HD 7970 one year later that PCI-E 3.0 is really supported
The main advantage ofPCI Express is the high speed of data transmission. The current highest version is 16x2.0, which can reach 10Gb / s, and has considerable development potential. PCI Express also has a variety of specifications, from PCI Express 1x to PCI Express 16x, which can meet the needs of low-speed and high-speed equipment in a certain period of time
PCI Express devices support + 3.3V, 3.3vaux and + 12V hot swap and hot swap. In order to cope with the increase of power consumption of graphics card, PCI Express improves the power limitation of direct power supply of slot in the specification. The 16x provides a maximum power of 70W, which is a significant improvement on the AGP 8x interface
with the rapid growth of image processing technology and people's demand for games, the traditional AGP interface has been far from meeting the current crazy demand for data transmission, so as early as in the spring of 2001, on IDF (Intel Developer Forum), Intel has announced that it will use a new technology to replace the internal connection of PCI bus and multiple chips, It is also called the third generation I / O bus technology (3gio); By the end of 2001, more than 20 leading companies including Intel, AMD, Dell and IBM joined pci-sig (PCI special interest group) and began to draft 3gio specification; In 2002, the draft was completed and 3gio was officially named PCI Express. This is the origin of pci-e
in short, PCI-E can provide 2.5gbit/s one-way single wire connection transmission rate. Compared with the traditional PCI bus, which can only realize one-way transmission in a single time cycle, the al simplex connection of PCI Express can provide higher transmission rate and quality, and the difference between them is similar to half plex and full plex. At the same time, PCI Express serial connection uses embedded clock technology (8B / 10B encoding mode), clock information is directly written into the data stream, which can save the transmission channel and improve the transmission efficiency compared with most parallel buses which need to transmit additional clock signals to keep synchronization
a PCI Express connection can be configured for data bandwidth of x1, X2, x4, X8, X12, x16 and X32. X1 channel can achieve one-way 312.5mb/s (2.5gbit/s * 1 / 8bit) transmission rate. Similarly, X32 channel connection can provide 10Gb / s transmission rate, but considering the use of 8B / 10B coding, there is about 20% consumption, and the actual transmission rate is about 8GB / S (X32 one-way). General graphics card uses pci-ex16 standard, data transfer rate is 4.8gb/s, far higher than the most popular AGP 8x 2.1gb/s data flow
for the majority of consumers, PCI-E directly brings about a substantial improvement in the performance of the graphics card. It can completely solve the problem of the transmission bandwidth of the display card that plagues everyone in a period of time, and with the cooperation of the future games, we can use more advanced display cards to obtain more realistic effects.