How to use DF mining
Publish: 2021-05-19 05:51:57
1. You can use & quot; df --help" View command usage
usage: DF [options]... [file]...
displays the information of the file system where each file is located. By default, all file systems are displayed
the parameters required for long options are also required for short options< br /> -a, --all include mmy file systems
-B, --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them. E.g.,
'- BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes.
See SIZE format below.
--total proce a grand total
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
-H, --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-i, --Inodes displays inode information instead of block usage
- K, i.e. -- block size = 1K
- L, - local only displays the local file system
-- no sync does not synchronize before getting usage data (default)
- P, --Portability uses POSIX compatible output format
-- synchronize before obtaining usage data
- t, - type = type only displays the information that the specified file system is the specified type
- t, - print type displays the file system type
- x, --Exclude type = type only displays the file system information, not the specified type information
- V (ignore)
-- help displays the help information and exits
-- version displays the version information and exits
the displayed values are from -- block size and DF_ BLOCK_ SIZE、BLOCK_ Size
and the first available size unit in the blocksize environment variable
otherwise, the default unit is 1024 bytes (or 512 if posixly is set)_ Correct).
usage: DF [options]... [file]...
displays the information of the file system where each file is located. By default, all file systems are displayed
the parameters required for long options are also required for short options< br /> -a, --all include mmy file systems
-B, --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them. E.g.,
'- BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes.
See SIZE format below.
--total proce a grand total
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
-H, --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-i, --Inodes displays inode information instead of block usage
- K, i.e. -- block size = 1K
- L, - local only displays the local file system
-- no sync does not synchronize before getting usage data (default)
- P, --Portability uses POSIX compatible output format
-- synchronize before obtaining usage data
- t, - type = type only displays the information that the specified file system is the specified type
- t, - print type displays the file system type
- x, --Exclude type = type only displays the file system information, not the specified type information
- V (ignore)
-- help displays the help information and exits
-- version displays the version information and exits
the displayed values are from -- block size and DF_ BLOCK_ SIZE、BLOCK_ Size
and the first available size unit in the blocksize environment variable
otherwise, the default unit is 1024 bytes (or 512 if posixly is set)_ Correct).
2. How to use RW in DF game? RW is short for Roger Wilco. It is an instant messaging tool. 2. What is the function of RW? RW is a temporary chat room that directly links players and players through IP, or in any situation. In this way, several people can contact each other through voice in the shortest time, In order to improve the efficiency of the game or chat. 3. Use process: A. download B. register personal account (free) C. establish or join an IP room D. voice communication or chat in the game 4. Registration method: (need to register online) a, Run RW B. click the third adjust of the top four buttons C. click the first button on the right D. click next four times in succession E. in the fifth dialog box, select the first one if you want to use it in the future, and select the second one if you only want to receive information, In the next step, select the send hotkey for future use (after putting the cursor in the box, click any key on the keyboard as the hotkey). The default is F12, which generally does not need to be changed. Next g. in this step, select your Internet access types, which are: slow cat, fast cat, single line ISDN, double line ISDN, cable, ADSL and T1, Next I. click Finish to register. 5. Use A. run RW B. click the first channel C of the top four buttons. If you want to create, click the second button on the right, and then fill in the password (not required in most cases), Then wait for others to join in. & if you want to join, click the first button, and then enter the IP address of the host (creator). If you have a password, fill in the password, and then click the bottom first button to join the chat room. 6. Note: some firewalls are not compatible. If you can't join or be joined when using RW, and the firewall is calling all the time, you should close the firewall, 7. Other functions: under the top first button, the five buttons on the right are: join (same method as before), create (same method as before), leave (leave after chatting), kick (founder catches up with those who are not happy to use), help (online help, The radio boxes under the top and second buttons correspond to: voice activation software (automatically sending messages through voice), key activation software (sending messages through key activation software, the default value is F12), help (online help, e text)} the left side of the top and third buttons adjust the speaker volume (output, volume you hear), microphone input volume (input, volume you emit), and, In the lower left corner is the effect of analog walkie talkie (if you choose √, you can hear the rustling sound when you receive a message, if you don't choose, there is no sound). The first button on the right is used to apply for an account (the same method as before), the second button is used to test after clicking, and the three buttons are help (on line, e text)} the last button on the top is the so-called & quot; About & quot;, The two buttons below link to RW official website and RW technical support webpage respectively, which have little effect
3. DF help file lesson 1
Step 1 - project setup
when we start a new project with digital fusion, the first thing is to set the parameters of the image format to fit the width and height of your output.
this chapter uses the 640 x 480 TGA sequence images rendered by Maya of alias wavefront, The aspect ratio is 1:1.
start digital fusion.
select File & gt; The preferences.
selection menu will appear on the left side of the dialog box. Select frame format from the menu list.
on the right side of the dialog box, select NTSC square pixel from the default format drop-down menu.
the default format list box contains the formats commonly used in most film and television instries, We will use NTSC square pixel format. Note: our country adopts pal D1 format
this preferred setting does not limit which one we use when we work. When we add tools of creating type (such as text and background generator) to the project, The default value can also be used to determine the pixel aspect ratio of all transferred materials.
confirm interactive, Both preview render and final render options are set to 8 bit per channel (32 bit).
click the Save button at the bottom of the dialog box to save the selection and return to the standard digital fusion interface.
Step 2 - transfer in material
by default, a new blank flow will be automatically created after digital fusion starts, Select File & gt; from the menu at the top of the screen; New.
find the green LD button in the toolbar at the top of the screen. Hover the mouse over the button for a few seconds, and a prompt box will appear to show that this button is the loader tool.
whenever you are not sure of the function of something in the digital fusion interface, try to hover the mouse over it, In most cases, useful tips will appear to make you understand its function.
click the LD button.
find the control bar with the label of loader 1 on the right side of the screen and click the arrow above to expand the control panel of the tool.
click the yellow folder icon.
browse the material folder of lesson 1-4, select the background.tga file, Then click the open button.
check loop, Keep this single frame image in our 200 frame project.
in digital fusion, all the materials that need to be transferred from the hard disk are completed by the loader tool. You may notice that a loader 1 tool appears in the large gray area in the bottom half of the screen. This is the flow editor area.
in the process management area, the single frame image is transferred from the hard disk Click the loader 1 Icon and move it to the large display area above the process area. The color of the large display area in the interface is dark gray.
click the LD icon on the toolbar and move it to the large display area to release.
two new tools are added to the process area, The merge tool is used to merge material and other image elements (alpha transparent channel based on foreground input). When you drag a source tool or create a type of tool to a large display area, digital fusion assumes that you want to merge new elements into the currently displayed tool, When we add loader2 to the process, its control panel will expand automatically (Note: in my case, merge1 will expand automatically. Import materials for loader2 like loader1), browse the materials folder of lesson 1-4, and open D_ Ship folder. Double click any file in the folder, and you will see that all consecutive files in the folder will be automatically imported.
now a group of playback controllers appear in the lower right corner of the screen, The rate of playback will be determined by the speed of the drive the footage is stored on. This provides a quick and easy way to preview to the footage being brought into digital fusion.
from the process area Drag the merge 1 Icon to the large display area to display our newly merged image.
because the spaceship was created in 3D animation software, it already has alpha transparent channel, which is like telling digital fusion that those places are transparent and those places are opaque
observe the two input segments of merge tool. The copper yellow arrow represents the background input segment, and the green input indicates that it is connecting to the foreground. If the mouse stays on any input for a while, a prompt will appear to tell you its function.
drag another LD to the display area and import a through the new loader_
in the process area, click merge 2.
press 1 on the keyboard. This is another way to display the output of the tool to the display area.
Step 3 - set the overall display range and rendering range.
you will find the time control bar of digital fusion at the bottom of the screen. This mole is often used to change the current frame, Set the overall length, preview and final output rendering range of your project. Note: when df3.0 or above, a dialog box will pop up for final setting
although the digital control bar under the time control mole has no label, if you hover your mouse over them, The status bar in the bottom left corner of the screen will describe its function.
find global start and set its value to 0. The setting of global end is 119.
find render start and set its value to 0. The setting of render end is 119.
find slider range start and end. Similarly, set them to 0 and 119.
you have now set the total length of 200 frames Set the rendering range to be the same as the overall setting, and you will tell digital fusion that your preview and final rendering will cover the whole project at any time, You can watch every frame in the whole range through the time ruler.
Step 4 - create animation preview
next, we are going to preview the three nodes merged into one block. Digital fusion uses memory to play preview. If you have more memory, Then the preview of more frames will play smoothly.
right click merge 2 in the process management area, Select Create play preview / size / half from the pop-up context menu.
right click merge 2 again and select Create play preview / large from the menu.
digital fusion will start rendering in half size and display the preview results in the large display area. But the default is, The antialiasing quality of the generated preview is not as accurate as that of the final rendering (although this situation is changed in the preview parameter setting).
play the preview result, and you can see two spaceships shuttling in the space background. You can manually browse the preview image by clicking and dragging at the same time.
once you want to remove the preview, Right click on the preview image of the large display area and select remove preview from the menu.
summary
in this chapter, we synthesize two sequences of images into a static background. We have learned how to set items, import materials and a method of synthesizing materials. We also have a simple understanding of the display area, preview, playback control, In this chapter, we extend the work of the first chapter to add a moving camera lens to the static background and a synthetic effect of torpedo explosion.
select File & gt; from the top menu of the screen; Load calls in Chapter 1 to save the process file. You can also select File & gt; from the history file; Recent files.
Step 1 - background animation
select merge 2 from the process management area and drag it to the large display area.
Click loader 1 in the process management area.
find the transform (XF) button in the toolbar. Click the button, and the transform tool will immediately connect to the back of loader 1. (Note: it can be called through tools / transform / transform)
< br />Select transform 1 and display it in the large display area.
change the size to 2.0. The background image you see will be enlarged.
this transform tool is often used to adjust the size of the image when the resolution of the image is not approved, Now your picture should be like the one below. Confirm that it is still 0 frame by the current time indicator in the time control bar.
in the large display area, Place the mouse in the middle of the green cross handle of the transform tool.
right click and select transform 1: Center / set key creating path in the pop-up context menu.
this will generate a motion path to the center of transform 1 and set a key frame at frame 0.
drag the (red) point of the rectangle to the bottom left, Until the image looks like the one below.
drag the gray highlighted time ruler to the far right to make the current frame 119.
move the center of the transform tool to the top right, Until the image looks like the one below.
this will add a motion keyframe at frame 119. Digital fusion will automatically calculate the motion position between keyframes 0 and 199. This is like the effect of a camera lens moving between planets.
Step 2 - add torpedo
now we want to add a node between loader 2 and loader 3 to make "attack fly" This part of the animation is only 60 frames long, so we need to determine the time of "attack ship" dropping bombs, here we decide to start at 29.
drag the gray time scale to the far left, Make the current frame 0.
select merge 2 and loader 3.
click one of them and drag down until a new tool can be inserted between merge 1 and merge 2.
click a merge (MRG) merge tool from the toolbar, And drag to the association line between merge 1 and merge 2 tools (the correct placement of the association line will highlight). Release the mouse button to insert a merge tool between the association lines.
drag the LD button from the toolbar to the process management area, The new tool loader 4 is released right in the blank space.
this will add a new loader tool that is not associated with other tools in the process.
find the red box at the bottom of the new loader icon in the process area, From this output, click and drag the line to connect with the foreground input (green) of merge 3.
load the sequence image under torpedo folder with loader 4.
make merge 3 display in the large display area.
you will see a small blue flash just above the white spaceship of loader 2.
the torpedo didn't delay to the white spaceship as we imagined
Enter 28 in the edit box on the right side of the time ruler to change the current frame.
find the timeline tab in the tab at the top of the process manager and select it to display the timeline editor.
find the fit button at the top of the timeline editor and click it
put the mouse in the middle of the timeline until
Step 1 - project setup
when we start a new project with digital fusion, the first thing is to set the parameters of the image format to fit the width and height of your output.
this chapter uses the 640 x 480 TGA sequence images rendered by Maya of alias wavefront, The aspect ratio is 1:1.
start digital fusion.
select File & gt; The preferences.
selection menu will appear on the left side of the dialog box. Select frame format from the menu list.
on the right side of the dialog box, select NTSC square pixel from the default format drop-down menu.
the default format list box contains the formats commonly used in most film and television instries, We will use NTSC square pixel format. Note: our country adopts pal D1 format
this preferred setting does not limit which one we use when we work. When we add tools of creating type (such as text and background generator) to the project, The default value can also be used to determine the pixel aspect ratio of all transferred materials.
confirm interactive, Both preview render and final render options are set to 8 bit per channel (32 bit).
click the Save button at the bottom of the dialog box to save the selection and return to the standard digital fusion interface.
Step 2 - transfer in material
by default, a new blank flow will be automatically created after digital fusion starts, Select File & gt; from the menu at the top of the screen; New.
find the green LD button in the toolbar at the top of the screen. Hover the mouse over the button for a few seconds, and a prompt box will appear to show that this button is the loader tool.
whenever you are not sure of the function of something in the digital fusion interface, try to hover the mouse over it, In most cases, useful tips will appear to make you understand its function.
click the LD button.
find the control bar with the label of loader 1 on the right side of the screen and click the arrow above to expand the control panel of the tool.
click the yellow folder icon.
browse the material folder of lesson 1-4, select the background.tga file, Then click the open button.
check loop, Keep this single frame image in our 200 frame project.
in digital fusion, all the materials that need to be transferred from the hard disk are completed by the loader tool. You may notice that a loader 1 tool appears in the large gray area in the bottom half of the screen. This is the flow editor area.
in the process management area, the single frame image is transferred from the hard disk Click the loader 1 Icon and move it to the large display area above the process area. The color of the large display area in the interface is dark gray.
click the LD icon on the toolbar and move it to the large display area to release.
two new tools are added to the process area, The merge tool is used to merge material and other image elements (alpha transparent channel based on foreground input). When you drag a source tool or create a type of tool to a large display area, digital fusion assumes that you want to merge new elements into the currently displayed tool, When we add loader2 to the process, its control panel will expand automatically (Note: in my case, merge1 will expand automatically. Import materials for loader2 like loader1), browse the materials folder of lesson 1-4, and open D_ Ship folder. Double click any file in the folder, and you will see that all consecutive files in the folder will be automatically imported.
now a group of playback controllers appear in the lower right corner of the screen, The rate of playback will be determined by the speed of the drive the footage is stored on. This provides a quick and easy way to preview to the footage being brought into digital fusion.
from the process area Drag the merge 1 Icon to the large display area to display our newly merged image.
because the spaceship was created in 3D animation software, it already has alpha transparent channel, which is like telling digital fusion that those places are transparent and those places are opaque
observe the two input segments of merge tool. The copper yellow arrow represents the background input segment, and the green input indicates that it is connecting to the foreground. If the mouse stays on any input for a while, a prompt will appear to tell you its function.
drag another LD to the display area and import a through the new loader_
in the process area, click merge 2.
press 1 on the keyboard. This is another way to display the output of the tool to the display area.
Step 3 - set the overall display range and rendering range.
you will find the time control bar of digital fusion at the bottom of the screen. This mole is often used to change the current frame, Set the overall length, preview and final output rendering range of your project. Note: when df3.0 or above, a dialog box will pop up for final setting
although the digital control bar under the time control mole has no label, if you hover your mouse over them, The status bar in the bottom left corner of the screen will describe its function.
find global start and set its value to 0. The setting of global end is 119.
find render start and set its value to 0. The setting of render end is 119.
find slider range start and end. Similarly, set them to 0 and 119.
you have now set the total length of 200 frames Set the rendering range to be the same as the overall setting, and you will tell digital fusion that your preview and final rendering will cover the whole project at any time, You can watch every frame in the whole range through the time ruler.
Step 4 - create animation preview
next, we are going to preview the three nodes merged into one block. Digital fusion uses memory to play preview. If you have more memory, Then the preview of more frames will play smoothly.
right click merge 2 in the process management area, Select Create play preview / size / half from the pop-up context menu.
right click merge 2 again and select Create play preview / large from the menu.
digital fusion will start rendering in half size and display the preview results in the large display area. But the default is, The antialiasing quality of the generated preview is not as accurate as that of the final rendering (although this situation is changed in the preview parameter setting).
play the preview result, and you can see two spaceships shuttling in the space background. You can manually browse the preview image by clicking and dragging at the same time.
once you want to remove the preview, Right click on the preview image of the large display area and select remove preview from the menu.
summary
in this chapter, we synthesize two sequences of images into a static background. We have learned how to set items, import materials and a method of synthesizing materials. We also have a simple understanding of the display area, preview, playback control, In this chapter, we extend the work of the first chapter to add a moving camera lens to the static background and a synthetic effect of torpedo explosion.
select File & gt; from the top menu of the screen; Load calls in Chapter 1 to save the process file. You can also select File & gt; from the history file; Recent files.
Step 1 - background animation
select merge 2 from the process management area and drag it to the large display area.
Click loader 1 in the process management area.
find the transform (XF) button in the toolbar. Click the button, and the transform tool will immediately connect to the back of loader 1. (Note: it can be called through tools / transform / transform)
< br />Select transform 1 and display it in the large display area.
change the size to 2.0. The background image you see will be enlarged.
this transform tool is often used to adjust the size of the image when the resolution of the image is not approved, Now your picture should be like the one below. Confirm that it is still 0 frame by the current time indicator in the time control bar.
in the large display area, Place the mouse in the middle of the green cross handle of the transform tool.
right click and select transform 1: Center / set key creating path in the pop-up context menu.
this will generate a motion path to the center of transform 1 and set a key frame at frame 0.
drag the (red) point of the rectangle to the bottom left, Until the image looks like the one below.
drag the gray highlighted time ruler to the far right to make the current frame 119.
move the center of the transform tool to the top right, Until the image looks like the one below.
this will add a motion keyframe at frame 119. Digital fusion will automatically calculate the motion position between keyframes 0 and 199. This is like the effect of a camera lens moving between planets.
Step 2 - add torpedo
now we want to add a node between loader 2 and loader 3 to make "attack fly" This part of the animation is only 60 frames long, so we need to determine the time of "attack ship" dropping bombs, here we decide to start at 29.
drag the gray time scale to the far left, Make the current frame 0.
select merge 2 and loader 3.
click one of them and drag down until a new tool can be inserted between merge 1 and merge 2.
click a merge (MRG) merge tool from the toolbar, And drag to the association line between merge 1 and merge 2 tools (the correct placement of the association line will highlight). Release the mouse button to insert a merge tool between the association lines.
drag the LD button from the toolbar to the process management area, The new tool loader 4 is released right in the blank space.
this will add a new loader tool that is not associated with other tools in the process.
find the red box at the bottom of the new loader icon in the process area, From this output, click and drag the line to connect with the foreground input (green) of merge 3.
load the sequence image under torpedo folder with loader 4.
make merge 3 display in the large display area.
you will see a small blue flash just above the white spaceship of loader 2.
the torpedo didn't delay to the white spaceship as we imagined
Enter 28 in the edit box on the right side of the time ruler to change the current frame.
find the timeline tab in the tab at the top of the process manager and select it to display the timeline editor.
find the fit button at the top of the timeline editor and click it
put the mouse in the middle of the timeline until
4. Function: check the disk space occupation of the file system. You can use this command to get the amount of disk space occupied, How much space is left at present.
syntax: DF [options]
Description: DF command can display the usage of I node and disk block in all file systems.
the meaning of each option of the command is as follows:
- a displays the disk usage of all file systems, including the file system with 0 block, For example,
- K is displayed in K bytes.
- I displays I node information, Instead of disk blocks.
- t displays the disk space usage of each file system of the specified type.
- x lists the disk space usage of a file system that is not of the specified type (opposite to the T option).
- t displays the file system type.
example 1: lists the disk space usage of each file system.
$DF
filesystem 1 k-blocks used available use% The first column of the output list of the mounted on
/ dev / hda2 1361587 1246406 44823 97% /
DF command is the pathname of the device file corresponding to the file system (generally the partition on the hard disk); The second column gives the number of data blocks (1024 bytes) contained in the partition; Columns 3 and 4 represent the number of used and available data blocks respectively. Users may be surprised that the sum of the number of blocks in columns 3 and 4 is not equal to the number of blocks in column 2. This is because by default, each partition has a small amount of space for system administrators to use, The use% list in the list shows the percentage of normal user space. Even if the number reaches 100%, the partition still has space for system administrators, The mounted on column indicates the mount point of the file system.
example 2: list the I node usage of each file system.
$DF - ia
file system inodes Iused IFREE used% mounted on
/ dev / hda2 352256 75043 277213 21% /
none 0 00% / proc
localhost: (pid221) 0 00% / net
example 3: list the type of the file system.
$DF - T
Filesystem Type 1K－blocks Used Available use% Mounted on
/dev/hda2 ext2 1361587 1246405 44824 97% /
syntax: DF [options]
Description: DF command can display the usage of I node and disk block in all file systems.
the meaning of each option of the command is as follows:
- a displays the disk usage of all file systems, including the file system with 0 block, For example,
- K is displayed in K bytes.
- I displays I node information, Instead of disk blocks.
- t displays the disk space usage of each file system of the specified type.
- x lists the disk space usage of a file system that is not of the specified type (opposite to the T option).
- t displays the file system type.
example 1: lists the disk space usage of each file system.
$DF
filesystem 1 k-blocks used available use% The first column of the output list of the mounted on
/ dev / hda2 1361587 1246406 44823 97% /
DF command is the pathname of the device file corresponding to the file system (generally the partition on the hard disk); The second column gives the number of data blocks (1024 bytes) contained in the partition; Columns 3 and 4 represent the number of used and available data blocks respectively. Users may be surprised that the sum of the number of blocks in columns 3 and 4 is not equal to the number of blocks in column 2. This is because by default, each partition has a small amount of space for system administrators to use, The use% list in the list shows the percentage of normal user space. Even if the number reaches 100%, the partition still has space for system administrators, The mounted on column indicates the mount point of the file system.
example 2: list the I node usage of each file system.
$DF - ia
file system inodes Iused IFREE used% mounted on
/ dev / hda2 352256 75043 277213 21% /
none 0 00% / proc
localhost: (pid221) 0 00% / net
example 3: list the type of the file system.
$DF - T
Filesystem Type 1K－blocks Used Available use% Mounted on
/dev/hda2 ext2 1361587 1246405 44824 97% /
5. 1、 Different from DF command, after checking the instructions on the Internet, my personal understanding is as follows:
is the size of each directory directly, not the information obtained from the hard disk
DF is calculated through the hard disk information
so sometimes the value encountered is too far from the value of DF, This is because when an application is writing a large file, the Linux operating system allows RM and MV. The application will occupy the handle and write to the disk directly according to the disk location indicated by the handle, without checking whether the file is deleted< Second, the related command lsof
the following command can delete the files deleted from the hard disk, but there is no free space from the process< br />
for i in `lsof |grep file_ 20090828*.log |awk '{ print $2 }'` ; do kill -9 $i ; done
is the size of each directory directly, not the information obtained from the hard disk
DF is calculated through the hard disk information
so sometimes the value encountered is too far from the value of DF, This is because when an application is writing a large file, the Linux operating system allows RM and MV. The application will occupy the handle and write to the disk directly according to the disk location indicated by the handle, without checking whether the file is deleted< Second, the related command lsof
the following command can delete the files deleted from the hard disk, but there is no free space from the process< br />
for i in `lsof |grep file_ 20090828*.log |awk '{ print $2 }'` ; do kill -9 $i ; done
6. Function: check the disk space occupation of the file system. You can use this command to get the information of how much space the hard disk is occupied and how much space is left. Syntax: DF [option] Description:
7. The function of DF command in Linux is to check the disk space occupation of file system of Linux server. You can use this command to get the information of how much space the hard disk is occupied and how much space is left
1. Command format:
DF & # 160[ Options] & 160[ Command function:
displays the available space of the specified disk file. If no file name is specified, the free space of all currently mounted file systems will be displayed. By default, the disk space will be set at & 160; 1KB Display in units, unless the environment variable & # 160; POSIXLY_ CORRECT Command parameters:
required parameters:
- A & # 160; List of all file systems
- H & # 160; The convenient reading mode displays
- H & # 160; It is equal to "- H", but the formula is 1K = 1000 instead of 1K = 1024
- I & # - 160; Display inode information
- K & # 160; The block size is 1024 bytes
- L & # 160; Only the local file system
- M & # 160 is displayed; The block is 1048576 bytes
-- no sync & # 160; Ignore & # 160; sync Command
- P & # 160; The output format is POSIX
-- sync & # 160; Before getting the disk information, execute the sync command
- T & #; File system type
select parameters:
-- block size = & lt; Block size & gt&# 160; Specified block size
- T & lt; File system type & gt&# 160; Only the disk information of the selected file system is displayed
- X & lt; File system type & gt&# 160; Do not display the disk information of the selected file system
-- help & # 160; Display help information
-- version & # 160; Display version information
4. Usage instance:
instance 1: display disk usage
command:
DF
output:
[ root@CT1190 ; log]# DF
file system&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 1K block and 160&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; Used & # 160&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; Available & 160; Used% & 160; Mount point
/ dev / sda7 & # 160&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 19840892 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 890896 &# 160; 17925856 &# 160;&# 160; 5% /< br />
/dev/sda9 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 203727156 112797500 &# 160; 80413912 &# 160; 59% / opt
/dev/sda8 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 4956284 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 570080 &# 160;&# 160; 4130372 &# 160; 13% / var
/dev/sda6 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 19840892 &# 160;&# 160; 1977568 &# 160; 16839184 &# 160; 11% / usr
/dev/sda3 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 988116 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 23880 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 913232 &# 160;&# 160; 3% / boot
tmpfs &# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 16473212 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 0 &# 160; 16473212 &# 160;&# 160; 0% / Dev / SHM
Description:
the first column of the output list of DF command in Linux is the pathname of the device file corresponding to the file system (generally the partition on the hard disk); The second column gives the number of data blocks (1024 bytes) contained in the partition; Columns 3 and 4 represent the number of used and available data blocks, respectively. Users may be surprised that the sum of the number of blocks in column 3 and 4 is not equal to the number of blocks in column 2. This is because by default each partition leaves a small amount of space for system administrators to use. Even if the normal user space is full, the administrator can still log in and leave the workspace needed to solve the problem. In the list, use%, # 160; The list shows the percentage of space used by ordinary users. Even if this number reaches 100%, the partition still has space used by system administrators. Finally, mounted & 160; The on column represents the mount point of the file system.
1. Command format:
DF & # 160[ Options] & 160[ Command function:
displays the available space of the specified disk file. If no file name is specified, the free space of all currently mounted file systems will be displayed. By default, the disk space will be set at & 160; 1KB Display in units, unless the environment variable & # 160; POSIXLY_ CORRECT Command parameters:
required parameters:
- A & # 160; List of all file systems
- H & # 160; The convenient reading mode displays
- H & # 160; It is equal to "- H", but the formula is 1K = 1000 instead of 1K = 1024
- I & # - 160; Display inode information
- K & # 160; The block size is 1024 bytes
- L & # 160; Only the local file system
- M & # 160 is displayed; The block is 1048576 bytes
-- no sync & # 160; Ignore & # 160; sync Command
- P & # 160; The output format is POSIX
-- sync & # 160; Before getting the disk information, execute the sync command
- T & #; File system type
select parameters:
-- block size = & lt; Block size & gt&# 160; Specified block size
- T & lt; File system type & gt&# 160; Only the disk information of the selected file system is displayed
- X & lt; File system type & gt&# 160; Do not display the disk information of the selected file system
-- help & # 160; Display help information
-- version & # 160; Display version information
4. Usage instance:
instance 1: display disk usage
command:
DF
output:
[ root@CT1190 ; log]# DF
file system&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 1K block and 160&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; Used & # 160&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; Available & 160; Used% & 160; Mount point
/ dev / sda7 & # 160&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 19840892 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 890896 &# 160; 17925856 &# 160;&# 160; 5% /< br />
/dev/sda9 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 203727156 112797500 &# 160; 80413912 &# 160; 59% / opt
/dev/sda8 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 4956284 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 570080 &# 160;&# 160; 4130372 &# 160; 13% / var
/dev/sda6 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 19840892 &# 160;&# 160; 1977568 &# 160; 16839184 &# 160; 11% / usr
/dev/sda3 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 988116 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 23880 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 913232 &# 160;&# 160; 3% / boot
tmpfs &# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 16473212 &# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160;&# 160; 0 &# 160; 16473212 &# 160;&# 160; 0% / Dev / SHM
Description:
the first column of the output list of DF command in Linux is the pathname of the device file corresponding to the file system (generally the partition on the hard disk); The second column gives the number of data blocks (1024 bytes) contained in the partition; Columns 3 and 4 represent the number of used and available data blocks, respectively. Users may be surprised that the sum of the number of blocks in column 3 and 4 is not equal to the number of blocks in column 2. This is because by default each partition leaves a small amount of space for system administrators to use. Even if the normal user space is full, the administrator can still log in and leave the workspace needed to solve the problem. In the list, use%, # 160; The list shows the percentage of space used by ordinary users. Even if this number reaches 100%, the partition still has space used by system administrators. Finally, mounted & 160; The on column represents the mount point of the file system.
8. DF command is used to display the current usage of the hard disk. H parameter means to display the result in an easy to understand and read way. This command will output the percentage of the hard disk used and the remaining size.
9. Seagull DF1 is a film SLR, basically has a mature film SLR function. For example, lift the film button to open the back cover, use Fresnel lens and wedge to form a split image focusing screen, and directly trigger the flash of hot shoes
the specific usage is to lift the film return button of the left hand to open the back cover, put on the film, close the back cover, select the aperture and shutter speed, pull the film wrench and wind up the shutter at the same time, and then the image in the viewfinder can be most clear by focusing, and you can press the shutter to take photos.
the specific usage is to lift the film return button of the left hand to open the back cover, put on the film, close the back cover, select the aperture and shutter speed, pull the film wrench and wind up the shutter at the same time, and then the image in the viewfinder can be most clear by focusing, and you can press the shutter to take photos.
10. tolerable. Those that have been opened in the browser can be saved to the local computer. Network library, Sina knowledge sharing, click to download it. What can be downloaded from IE browser can be downloaded from chrome.
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