How to deal with mining waste rock

1. 1、 General provisions (1) purpose of compilation: to further enhance the ability to deal with and prevent the risks and disasters of mine safety proction accidents, to ensure that the rescue work can be carried out quickly and effectively in case of mine safety proction accidents, and to minimize the casualties and property losses caused by accidents and disasters, Strive to make the proction of mining enterprises return to normal in the shortest time
(2) working principles
(1) people oriented, safety first. The emergency rescue work of mine accidents and disasters should always put the protection of people's life safety and health in the first place, strengthen the safety protection of emergency rescue personnel, and minimize the casualties and hazards caused by mine accidents and disasters
(2) unified leadership and hierarchical management. Under the unified leadership of the people's government, the administration of work safety is responsible for guiding and coordinating the emergency rescue work of mine accidents and disasters. All Town People's governments, relevant departments and enterprises shall be responsible for the emergency management and emergency disposal of accidents and disasters in accordance with their respective responsibilities and authorities
(3) combination of sections, mainly territorial. The administrative leadership responsibility system of local people's governments at all levels is implemented in the emergency rescue work of mine accidents and disasters. The emergency rescue command at the scene of accidents is under the unified leadership of the people's Government of the banner. The relevant departments perform their ties according to law, and the enterprises give full play to the role of self rescue
(4) relying on science and regulating by law. Follow scientific principles and realize scientific and democratic decision-making. Relying on the progress of science and technology, we should constantly improve and perfect the equipment, facilities and means of emergency rescue. Standardize the emergency rescue work according to law, and ensure the scientificity, authority and operability of the plan
(5) prevention first, combining peacetime with wartime. Implement & quot; Safety first, prevention first, comprehensive treatment & quot; We should adhere to the principle of combining emergency response with prevention. In accordance with the requirements of long-term preparation and key construction, we should make ideological preparation, preplan preparation, materials and funds preparation, and work preparation for mine accidents, strengthen training and drills, and make unremitting preparations. We should combine daily management with emergency rescue work, make full use of the existing professional strength, cultivate part-time emergency rescue force, and give full play to the role in disaster emergency rescue< (3) the compilation is based on laws and regulations such as proction safety law, mine safety law, regulations on work safety license, and emergency plan for mine accidents and disasters issued by the State Administration of work safety< (IV) scope of application
this plan is applicable to all kinds of general, major, major and particularly major safety proction accidents in mining enterprises in the administrative region of ejinholo banner< (1) emergency rescue command organization and responsibilities
1. Establish mine enterprise accident emergency rescue headquarters, which is responsible for commanding mine disaster emergency rescue work, and the daily work of the headquarters is in the charge of the National Bureau of work safety supervision and administration< Chief commander: Deputy Chief in charge of work safety
deputy chief commander: Director of work safety supervision and Administration Bureau, director of Coal Bureau and director of land and Resources Bureau
the members are the people's Government of the town where the accident occurred, the Public Security Bureau of the banner, the fire brigade, the traffic police brigade, the economic and commercial bureau, the Health Bureau, the Bureau of quality and technical supervision, the planning, construction and Environmental Protection Bureau, the Meteorological Bureau, the Publicity Department of CPC Central Committee
2. Responsibilities: organize emergency rescue drills for mining enterprises in the whole banner, supervise and inspect emergency drills of various departments and towns; After an accident occurs in a mining enterprise, the commander in chief or the deputy commander in chief entrusted by the commander in chief shall immediately rush to the scene of the accident for on-site command, establish a leading group for on-site emergency rescue command, immediately start the on-site rescue plan and organize on-site rescue< (2) on site rescue organization and responsibilities
1. According to the actual situation of the accident, the emergency rescue headquarters of qikuang mine has set up six professional rescue groups, including on-site emergency rescue command leading group, accident rescue group, traffic security group, medical rescue group, accident rescue coordination group, accident investigation group and accident comprehensive group
(1) the on-site emergency rescue command and leading group is headed by the deputy head of the banner, the director of the office of the banner people's government, the head of the local town people's government, the director of the banner work safety supervision and Administration Bureau, and the director of the banner Coal Bureau. Be responsible for the organization, leadership, command and coordination of on-site rescue work<
(2) accident rescue group
leader: Director of work safety supervision and Administration Bureau, deputy leader: Mayor of local town people's government, director of Coal Bureau, director of land and Resources Bureau, responsibilities:
1
2. Organize the rescue of people in danger
3. Study and take measures to prevent the accident from expanding< (3) traffic security group leader: Director of the Public Security Bureau of the flag
deputy leader: leader of the traffic police brigade of the flag
responsibilities:
1
2. Maintain the public security of the scene and prevent man-made damage and other emergencies at the scene of the accident
③ assist the rescue team to organize and mobilize the means of transportation< (4) maintain the traffic order near the accident site< (4) head of medical rescue group: Director of the Health Bureau of the banner; Responsibilities:
① rush to the scene of the accident quickly, formulate rescue plan and rescue the wounded
2. Coordinate the hospitals to treat the injured in time
coordinate the hospital and epidemic prevention department to do a good job in blood supply and epidemic prevention for the injured< (5) accident rescue coordination group leader: Director of the coal bureau and director of the land and Resources Bureau of the banner
2. Organize and coordinate the consultation of experts from higher authorities<
(6) accident investigation group
leader: Director of the Bureau of work safety
deputy leader: Deputy Director of the Bureau of work safety, deputy director of the Bureau of coal, deputy director of the Bureau of public security, deputy director of the Bureau of supervision, Deputy Procurator General of the procuratorate and deputy head of the Federation of trade unions
responsibilities:
1 Analysis and other work
2. Trace the cause of the accident and the responsible persons
③ complete the investigation work assigned by the superior departments and leaders< (7) group leader of the accident comprehensive group: Director of the work safety supervision and Administration Bureau of the banner. Responsibilities:
① be responsible for comprehensive coordination, liaison with the disaster and accident emergency rescue headquarters of the banner government, and announce the progress of the accident emergency rescue to the public
② grasp the basic situation of mine distribution and disasters within the whole banner, establish the database of basic situation and major hazard sources of Yiqi mine, and do a good job in accident and disaster prevention
2. Rapid response force
the professional rescue force mine rescue team is the main body, and the rapid response force is composed of flag Health Bureau, flag traffic police brigade and flag fire brigade, which rush to the scene to implement emergency rescue at the first time< (1) according to the command of the banner headquarters, the mining enterprises quickly assemble the team, carry the necessary rescue equipment and equipment, and rush to the rescue site
(2) the emergency rescue command department puts forward the reinforcement request to the superior mine rescue organization
4. Emergency linkage mechanism
after starting the mine accident disaster emergency plan in Yijinhuoluo banner, all relevant departments and first aid, medical, water supply, power supply and other units should arrive at the scene of the accident quickly according to the arrangement of the rescue headquarters, and complete their respective tasks according to their responsibilities< (1) emergency response
after an accident occurs in a mining enterprise, the on-site personnel should immediately carry out self rescue and mutual rescue, and immediately report to the person in charge of the unit. After receiving the accident report, the person in charge of the mining enterprise shall, in accordance with the emergency plan formulated by the unit, immediately take measures to rescue the injured, evacuate the personnel from the accident risk area, control the development of the situation, and report to the people's Government of the banner and relevant departments within one hour< (2) emergency start
after receiving the mine disaster report, the people's Government of Yijinhuoluo banner should immediately start the mine accident disaster emergency plan and report it to the Municipal People's government and relevant departments within 2 hours. Organize the person in charge of relevant departments to rush to the scene immediately, set up the on-site emergency rescue command leading group, open the information and communication network, notify the deployment of emergency resources required for rescue, and quickly organize the rescue work< (3) rescue operations and rescue methods
1. Coal mine gas explosion accident. After the accident, the accident unit or on-site emergency rescue command leading group shall immediately request the Erdos mine rescue team for rescue, and do the following work well before the rescue team arrives: first, immediately set up a rescue team, mobilize rescue personnel, and make preparations for emergency rescue; The second is to collect drawings and data, arrange personnel who are familiar with the situation to prepare for going down the well, and know the explosion location and the possibility of survival as soon as possible, so as to judge the location of the victims and win time for rescue work; Third, inform the logistics team to mobilize fans and air cts to supply air to the underground, and ask the power supply department to do a good job in power supply to prevent power failure. After the rescue team arrived, they immediately sent the rescue team to go down the well for reconnaissance, to understand the underground gas concentration and roadway collapse, and to determine the rescue action plan according to the current situation. When the concentration of harmful gas in the well is reced to the allowable value, people can go down the well to save
2. Mine water leakage accident. After the occurrence of water seepage, the accident unit or on-site emergency rescue command leading group should judge whether there are survivors in the mine according to the size of water seepage, location, underground roadway elevation, trapped time and other factors. The first is to find out the number and working place of the personnel under the well as soon as possible; The second is to collect drawings and data to accurately judge the position of water penetration and the amount of water; The third is to immediately mobilize the water pump, speed up the progress of drainage, judge the underground hydrogeological situation from the change of water level, and timely adjust the emergency plan; Fourth, keep ventilation to prevent the old kiln harmful gas from poisoning the rescue workers; Fifthly, necessary materials should be prepared to repair the tunnel damaged by water immersion
3. Roof fall accident. According to the scope of roof fall and the amount of ore fall, the accident unit or the on-site emergency rescue command leading group should set up several rescue teams to work in turn. If any person is buried, it is necessary to immediately organize personnel to pick out the ore for transportation, support the roof and pay attention to observation, so as to ensure the personal safety of rescue personnel. If someone is blocked in the roadway, different measures should be taken according to the collapse range, ore volume and roof lithology. If the caving area is small, the amount of ore is small, and the lithology is stable, the ore can be stripped out after the roof support, and the people can be saved directly through the caving area; If it is difficult to pass through the caving area, it is necessary to dig another roadway to bypass the caving area. In the rescue at the same time, through the water pipe, pressure air pipe to supply air, and send a signal, let the blocked personnel know, firm their belief in survival. The rescued survivors should immediately cover their eyes with towel, etc., and be rescued by medical staff
4. Slope collapse accident. The accident unit or on-site emergency rescue command leading group shall, according to the specific situation, adopt the method of combining manual and mechanical to deal with the collapse site. In case of collapse boulder in rescue, large crane can be mobilized for transportation when manual handling is difficult. When approaching the slope, the mechanical operation must be stopped, and all the stones must be removed manually to prevent accidental injury to the buried personnel. On site rescue

2. 1. Road construction, connecting all districts and external roads
2. After the temporary storage of the waste mp, it is backfilled when the pit is closed. Due to the cost, many mines can not do it
3. The waste rock field should be piled up permanently and covered with soil and vegetation after forming
4. Waste utilization, such as coal gangue brick
5. Selling depends on demand.

3. The tailing of tailing pond refers to the waste materials from the concentrator. Generally, there are more materials less than 1 mm in size; Waste rock heap refers to the non ore materials stripped out from the pit or open air, which are relatively large in size and generally not broken, and the size is less than 800mm.

4. The waste proced in iron ore dressing can be divided into two types: the waste rock thrown out in front of the dressing process and the tailings proced at the back of the dressing process. According to the different dressing methods, the tailings can be divided into dry tailings and wet tailings
in addition, there are great differences in the thickness of tailings. Generally speaking, the drier the tailings are, the easier they are to be treated (except when they are too fine), and the coarser they are, the easier they are to be treated
there are two common ways to deal with tailings: backfilling and tailings stacking, which do not reuse tailings; Tailings can also be recycled, such as tailings reselection, road construction, used to make building materials, etc.

5.

Hello, classmate, since you have a license, you can mine it. I think the excavated waste rock has the right to dispose of it and can be sold. Thank you You can sell it secretly)

6. Of course, we have to be responsible for dealing with it. This is our obligation!

7. The description is not clear, because the middle of the ore contains waste rock, and the thickness of the roof and floor contains waste rock

8. Safety technical measures for waste rock yard

Chapter 1 Purpose
1.1 ensure the continuous and stable safety proction of the mine, minimize the occurrence of safety accidents in waste rock yard, implement scientific management for waste rock yard, improve mping process, improve mping efficiency, and rece transportation and mping costs as much as possible
Chapter II Scope of application
2.1 this measure is applicable to 1 and 2 waste rock yards of XXXXX company< Chapter III responsibilities of relevant departments
3.1 Technology Department
3.1.1 is responsible for setting out and acceptance of parameters of waste rock yard, modification of parameters of waste rock yard and checking calculation of stability of waste rock yard
3.1.2 be responsible for the mapping of the current situation of the waste rock yard, the calculation of the waste rock yard capacity and the acceptance assessment of the stripping workshop
3.2 the safety and environment department is responsible for the ditching of flood intercepting ditch and drainage ditch, the pre buried blind ditch, the greening and vegetation restoration of waste rock yard, and the writing and erection of safety signs
3.2.2 be responsible for the supervision, guidance and assessment of the safe proction operation of the waste rock yard in the mining workshop. 3.2.3 be responsible for the investigation and treatment of safety accidents in the waste quarry, supervise and guide the treatment of weak foundation in the stripping workshop, and inspect, supervise, guide and assess the full-time safety inspectors in the stripping workshop
3.3 the proction department
3.3.1 is responsible for assigning the mping task to the stripping workshop, supervising, guiding and assessing the discharge sequence of waste rock yard and safe proction operation, and coordinating and assessing the safe proction work of various departments
3.4 stripping workshop
3.4.1 be responsible for the safe mping operation of waste rock yard and the treatment of potential accidents
3.4.2 be responsible for the maintenance of transportation roads, the construction of emergency escape lanes and safety car stops
3.4.3 dispose the rock and soil according to the parameters and operation requirements of the waste rock yard
3.4.4 be responsible for the safety inspection of waste rock yard and the supervision and assessment of full-time security inspectors
Chapter IV safety technical measures
4.1 mping process
4.1.1 transportation mping method: truck transportation, bulldozer, front loader mping
the mping method of truck bulldozer front loader is suitable for any terrain conditions, and can be used for stacking single bench and multi bench waste rock yards. In this way, the mping, bulldozer and front loader are used for pushing and mping rock and soil, leveling the site and stacking safety car stalls. Its working efficiency is mainly determined by the amount of resial rock and soil on the platform. When the rear wheel of the truck is 1.5-2.0 m away from the top line of the slope, it can be mped on the slope, More than 80% of the rock and soil slide to the bottom of the slope by self weight. Bulldozers and Front loaders level the site and pile up part of the resie into a safe car stall. When the discarded rock and soil is soft, the height of the steps is large, or e to the influence of rain, the deformation of the waste mp is serious, and the car unloading is not safe, the rock and soil can be unloaded at 5-7m away from the top line of the slope, and all the rock and soil can be mechanically pushed to the bottom of the slope, But it increases the workload of machinery and the cost of mping
4.1.2 the stacking sequence of the waste rock yard: horizontally layered from bottom to top, and compacted and stacked by steps
4.1.3 disadvantages of stacking from bottom to top: with the decline of stripping steps in stope, the stacking elevation of waste rock yard graally rises, the rock and soil transportation distance of upper steps in stope is far, which is transported by heavy truck downhill, while the rock and soil at deep level are transported by heavy truck uphill to waste rock yard after being transported out of stope boundary, which makes the cost of mping high
4.1.4 requirements for stacking from bottom to top: the bench parameters and base bearing capacity of the waste mp should be designed through analysis and calculation. The bearing capacity of the rock and soil layer in the base and the stability of the first bench play an important role in the stability and safety proction of the whole waste mp. The height of the first step should not be more than 15m. When the base is inclined sandy clay, the deformation and failure of the first step may cause the loosening and failure of the whole waste mp. When stacking the first step, the soft sandy clay with small friction angle must be cleaned up, and the st hard rock with large internal friction angle must be stacked, and the height of the step shall not exceed 20m
4.1.5 parameters of waste rock field
4.1.5.1 lithology of waste rock field: Dolomite, limestone and sandy clay
4.1.5.2 slope of basement: 5 °— twenty-three °
4.1.5.3 number of steps: number of steps 13
4.1.5.4 stacking height: from 1985 level to 2180 level, stacking height 195m, bench height 15m
4.1.5.5 final slope angle: 20-30 °
4.1.5.6 step slope angle: 30 °
4.2 landslides in the waste rock yard
4.2.1 landslides in the waste rock yard: large hard rocks are discarded, with small compression deformation, and the waste rock yard is relatively stable. When the rock is broken, there is more sand, and there is a certain humidity, the slope angle of the new mp is steeper (38 °— forty-two °， With the increase of the height of the waste mp and the continuous compaction and settlement, the stable equilibrium stress concentration area appears in the waste mp. The pore pressure reces the friction resistance on the potential sliding surface, which may lead to landslide, displacement deformation or bulge in the stress concentration area at the lower part of the slope, and then leads to the cracking and sliding of the upper slope, Finally, a parabolic slope is formed, that is, the upper part is steep and the lower part is gentle. The slope angle measured by a straight line is usually 25 °— thirty-two ° Most of the landslides in the waste rock yard are related to the mechanical properties of materials, such as more soil or weathered weak rock, the infiltration of atmospheric rainfall or surface water in the waste rock yard, which will lead to the rapid deterioration of the stability of the waste rock yard
4.2.2 landslide along the contact surface of the basement: when the inclination angle of the basement of the hillside shaped waste rock yard is steep, and the shear strength between the waste rock yard and the contact surface of the basement is less than that of the material itself of the waste rock yard, landslide along the contact surface of the basement is easy to occur, such as there is a layer of humus soil on the basement or stripping the abandoned topsoil and weathered layer at the initial stage of the mine, It is piled up at the bottom of the waste mp to form a weak interlayer. In case of rain and groundwater infiltration, it will promote the formation of landslide
4.2.3 landslide of waste rock yard caused by bulging of weak basement: when the waste rock yard is located on the weak basement, it will slide e to the low bearing capacity of the basement, which will affect the landslide of waste rock yard. This kind of landslide is caused by the saturated soft silt sediment or seepage topsoil on the basement, sliding under the pressure of waste rock yard, and turning out the silt black deposit or seepage topsoil at the bottom of ditch
4.2.4 debris flow in waste rock field: debris flow is a kind of collapse caused by rock weathering, landslide, collapse or artificial accumulation of a large number of loose rock and soil materials on the hillside saturated with water. There are three basic conditions for the formation of debris flow: first, there will be abundant loose rock and soil in the debris flow area; Second, steep hillside topography and large gully side slope; Thirdly, debris flow has a large catchment area and sufficient water source; Many data of mine debris flow are formed by landslide and slope erosion, that is, landslide and debris flow are accompanied
4.3 stability analysis of the waste rock yard
4.3.1 settlement deformation of the waste rock yard
4.3.1.1 the deformation of the new waste rock yard is mainly settlement compression deformation, and the bulk material is graally compacted and settled under the action of self gravity and external load The pores shrink or are filled to form binary media (solid particles and water). This kind of deformation changes with time and pressure, and the settlement speed is larger at the initial stage of the waste mp. With the extension of time and the compaction of the mp, the settlement speed graally slows down
4.3.1.2 the settlement and compression of bulk materials increase with the increase of pressure. However, e to the different composition of rock blocks at different heights of the waste rock yard, the compression ratio of fine particles (including soil) is large, and it is difficult to compact the hard large rock accumulation, the compression dip rate of the waste rock yard is closely related to the height of the waste rock yard, The relationship between the external load and the composition of rock fragmentation presents a parabolic correlation curve
4.3.2 the bearing capacity of the basement and the limit height of the bench of the waste rock field
4.3.2.1 the stability of the waste rock field should first analyze the structure of the basement rock layer, the terrain slope and its bearing capacity. When the slope of the base is steep, close to or greater than the internal friction angle of the materials in the waste mp, it is easy to cause landslide along the contact surface of the base. If the basement is soft rock and its mechanical properties are lower than those of the materials in the waste mp, the soft rock basement will inevitably proce floor heave or sliding under the load of the waste mp, and then lead to the landslide of the waste mp
4.3.2.2 the total height of multi-step waste rock yard must be determined by stability checking calculation, and a safety platform needs to be set between adjacent steps, so that the overall slope angle of waste rock yard is less than its natural repose angle, which increases the stability of waste rock yard. However, the limit height of the first step of the basement is generally not more than 15-20m, because it is the foundation of the whole waste mp. Its stacking speed and pressure are closely related to the dissipation and consolidation of the pore pressure of the basement soil layer, and play an important role in the stability of the upper steps
4.3.3 stability analysis of waste rock yard: the stability of waste rock yard is determined by the following factors: bearing capacity of foundation, physical and mechanical properties of rock, influence of surface water and groundwater, and mping process, etc< According to the theory of loose medium, when the basement is stable, the height of hard rock can reach any height under the condition that other slope angles are equal to the natural angle of repose. However, e to the homogeneity of rock composition and the influence of external load, the height of the quarry is limited
4.3.4.2 the mechanical properties of the mp are affected by the rock and soil properties, block size composition, bulk density, humidity and heavy direct load. After compaction or cementation, the materials in the waste mp have a certain cohesive force, which is mainly determined by the content of fine particles (less than 3mm). The fine-grained rock and soil are filled into the pores between the rock blocks. After compaction, the properties of the original loose body are changed. The friction angle is related to the properties of the rock and soil and the composition of the block size, Fine particles are mostly distributed in the upper and middle parts, while coarse particles are distributed in the middle and lower parts. The content of coarse particles is high, and the rigidity of the framework is improved. The friction between particles is dominant, and the internal friction angle is increased; On the contrary, with the increase of fine particle content, the internal friction angle decreases, but the adhesive force increases
4.3.4.3 the massive rocks in the lower part of the waste mp do not contain fine particles and other cohesive materials, so the cohesive force is small, but the internal friction angle is large, which is close to or equal to the repose angle of the waste mp
4.3.4.4 there is a significant relationship between the mechanical properties of materials in waste rock yard and humidity and water content. When the humidity of materials is small, with the increase of humidity, the cohesive force and internal friction angle graally increase. If the humidity continues to increase, the mechanical parameters will decrease. When the material is saturated, it will have a destructive impact on the waste rock yard
4.4 technical monitoring of waste rock yard: in order to work safely and study the settlement and compression deformation process of waste rock yard, so as to grasp the stability mechanism of waste rock yard and adopt corresponding maintenance and treatment measures, long-term and detailed monitoring work is needed
4.4.1 technical monitoring content of waste rock yard:
4.4.1.1 monitoring settlement compression deformation of waste rock yard and its correlation with time
4.4.1.2 monitoring the deformation and displacement of a certain point in the three pile coordinates, and its influencing factors
4.4.1.3 study the boundary conditions of landslide and debris flow in the waste mp; The landslide and debris flow in the waste mp are prevented
4.4.1.4 the pore water pressure, rainfall and surface runoff in the basement and waste rock yard were observed
4.4.2 technical monitoring method of waste rock yard:
4.4.2.1 application of geometric measurement method to deformation and displacement observation of waste rock yard

9. Hello, this situation of your project can not pass the completion environmental protection acceptance, or even if the environmental protection department makes the decision to pass the completion environmental protection acceptance, it will also put forward the requirement of rectification within a time limit
within the time limit required by the environmental protection department, you can close and move the waste rock yard that violates the requirements of the EIA document and its approval document. The EIA method requires the principle of less and centralized setting of borrow and spoil sites as far as possible, so as to rece the land occupation, rece the pressure on vegetation and rece the loss of biomass. At the same time, there are strict requirements for the site selection of waste rock yard, such as the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of the site, the foundation anti-seepage performance and so on
ecological restoration should be carried out in time to prevent soil and water loss after the closure and relocation of the waste mp.

10.

Coal is the most widely distributed fossil fuel on the earth. With the development of global instry, a large amount of coal needs to be mined to meet people's daily proction and living needs. Some people are curious, after this coal mine digs coal, how does the remaining space do? Won't it collapse

In fact, the space hollowed out in the process of mining is called goaf, which generally has to collapse after mining. Otherwise, there's a piece of space under the ground, but it's very dangerous. There are three ways to deal with goaf in our country: one is caving method. Generally speaking, if the rock loses its support, it will collapse naturally. However, if the surrounding rock structure is not damaged by mining, it is necessary to carry out forced caving treatment, such as deep hole blasting, chamber blasting and so on. Moreover, the blasting position should be determined according to the thickness and dip angle of the ore body, and the thickness of the caving rock should also meet the needs of the cushion

The second is filling method. It is mainly aimed at the areas that are not allowed to collapse, such as open pit or buildings on the surface. The waste rock or ore tailings are filled into the goaf by drilling and filling pipes in order to support the surrounding rock and prevent the deformation of the surrounding rock

In general, it can only be used when the surrounding rock of the ore in the goaf is extremely stable, the surface is allowed to collapse, and the goaf is far away from the main ore body and buried deep. The method is also relatively simple, just need to build a partition wall with enough buffer thickness in the roadway from the goaf to the proction area. It is very important to deal with goaf in coal mine. Once it is not handled properly, it is very easy to cause potential safety hazard

how to deal with the holes left after the mine is abandoned? After reading it, I finally understand

I believe many people have a certain understanding of mining more or less. Someone once mined in the mine, and later left a huge hole after mining. When I was a child, my friends and I used to pick up transparent stones near the entrance to play. But strangely, although the mine was abandoned, it did not do anything to deal with it. It just blocked the road in the cave. This makes me wonder, after the mine is mined out, how to deal with the holes left behind? It's a long experience

mineral resources themselves are hidden underground. We human beings have g a hole in the ground through modern scientific and technological means, which is like a small surgical operation. The damage to the natural environment is worth thinking about. In a word, the president still hopes that more new energy will be developed in the future to graally replace the earth's own resources, so that the world's environment can be more beautiful and stable< br />