Underground tunnel excavation Mining Co, Ltd
Publish: 2021-05-17 12:59:53
1. Unknown_Error
2. Tunnel construction method:
arch first and then wall method
funnel scaffolding method
bench method
full section method
upper and lower pilot pit wall first and then arch method
mushroom shaped method
side pilot pit wall first and then arch method
blasting excavation method
mining method
arch first and then wall method
also known as supporting top arch method. In the soft rock with poor stability, in order to ensure the construction safety, the arch section is excavated and the top arch is built to support the top surrounding rock, and then the lower section is excavated and the side wall is built under the protection of the top arch. Before excavating the rock layer of the side wall, the top arch must be well supported, so it has the above nickname. When excavating the rock layer of the side wall on both sides (commonly known as the digging horse mouth), it must be carried out in staggered sections on the left and right, so as to avoid the top arch hanging and sinking< The method of funnel scaffolding is also called the method of heading from wall to arch. It is suitable for hard and stable rock stratum. During the construction, the lower heading shall be excavated first, and the reverse bench excavation shall be carried out from the bottom to the top of the heading until the vault; Then, the bench excavation is made from top to bottom on both sides to the bottom of the side wall; After the full section is excavated, the lining is constructed from the side wall to the top arch< Step method can be divided into positive step method and reverse step method. ① When constructing in the rock stratum with poor stability, the whole tunnel section is divided into several layers, and the excavation is carried out from the top to the bottom. The front and back distance of each layer is small, and several positive steps are formed. ② The anti bench method is applied to the construction in the rock stratum with good stability. The whole tunnel section is also divided into several layers. At the bottom of the tunnel, a wide lower heading is excavated first, and then the excavation is expanded from the bottom to the top (Fig. 3b). When drilling holes in the upper layer, a working platform or a funnel shed should be set up, which can be used for loading ballast
full section method
the whole section is excavated at one time. It is suitable for medium and small section tunnels in good rock stratum. This method can use large machinery, such as rock drilling jumbo, large ballast loader, trough Jumbo or shuttle car, formwork jumbo and concrete pouring equipment for comprehensive mechanized construction. The appearance of NATM expands the application scope of full section method and step method
the method of wall first and arch later in the upper and lower heading is also called full section excavation method (Fig. 4). In the past, in order to improve the quality of lining in the soft rock stratum with poor stability, the construction method of excavating the whole section by parts first, and then building the lining in the order of wall first and arch second was used. When using this method to excavate, it needs to use a lot of timbers to support, and it needs to be replaced many times. The construction is difficult and unsafe, so it has not been used in China
mushroom shaped method
a hybrid scheme is formed by combining the characteristics of arch first and then wall method and funnel scaffolding method. After excavating 1 to 4 parts, the mushroom shaped cross section appears, so it is named. The funnel shed is set up in the lower heading for the purpose of expanding the excavation upward. At the same time, when the geological conditions of the arch are poor, the top arch can be built first to ensure the construction safety. This method has the advantage of easily changing to other methods. When the rock stratum is bad, it is changed to arch first and then wall method. When the rock stratum is good, it is changed to funnel scaffolding method. In China, it was first used in the construction of railway tunnels with stable rock strata, and then used to build large section caverns, creating favorable conditions for recing the setting up of formwork and the materials required, and speeding up the construction progress
the method of sidewall heading from wall to arch is also called core support method. When constructing a long-span tunnel in a very soft and unstable stratum, in order to ensure the safety of construction, it is necessary to excavate along the periphery of the tunnel by sections, and then graally build the lining from the side wall to the top arch to prevent the collapse of the stratum. During excavation, both temporary support and arch frame can be supported on the large core stratum not excavated in the middle of the tunnel. Under the protection of lining, the core can be removed finally, and the invert can be built if necessary
blasting excavation
the blasting requirements of tunnel and underground engineering construction are different from those of general rock engineering. In order to facilitate the loading of ballast, not to damage the temporary support or permanent lining nearby, not to make the rock burst into pieces or the broken rock block too large, and not to throw the rock block far away ring blasting, loose blasting is generally used. A blasting cycle is composed of drilling, charging, sealing, blasting, smoke exhaust, temporary support and mucking. Drilling and mucking take up most of the time and should be mechanized, such as using rock drill, mucking machine, mining traction locomotive, etc<
mining method
refers to the construction method of constructing tunnel by excavating underground tunnel. Mining method is a traditional construction method. Its basic principle is that after the tunnel excavation, affected by blasting, the rock mass will break and form a relaxed state, which may collapse at any time. Based on the theoretical basis of this relaxation load, the construction method is to adopt the segmented excavation one by one according to the sequence of parts, and the excavation and support are required for safety, so the support is complex and the timber consumption is large. With the emergence of shotcrete and anchor support, the number of parts is reced, and then the NATM is developed.
arch first and then wall method
funnel scaffolding method
bench method
full section method
upper and lower pilot pit wall first and then arch method
mushroom shaped method
side pilot pit wall first and then arch method
blasting excavation method
mining method
arch first and then wall method
also known as supporting top arch method. In the soft rock with poor stability, in order to ensure the construction safety, the arch section is excavated and the top arch is built to support the top surrounding rock, and then the lower section is excavated and the side wall is built under the protection of the top arch. Before excavating the rock layer of the side wall, the top arch must be well supported, so it has the above nickname. When excavating the rock layer of the side wall on both sides (commonly known as the digging horse mouth), it must be carried out in staggered sections on the left and right, so as to avoid the top arch hanging and sinking< The method of funnel scaffolding is also called the method of heading from wall to arch. It is suitable for hard and stable rock stratum. During the construction, the lower heading shall be excavated first, and the reverse bench excavation shall be carried out from the bottom to the top of the heading until the vault; Then, the bench excavation is made from top to bottom on both sides to the bottom of the side wall; After the full section is excavated, the lining is constructed from the side wall to the top arch< Step method can be divided into positive step method and reverse step method. ① When constructing in the rock stratum with poor stability, the whole tunnel section is divided into several layers, and the excavation is carried out from the top to the bottom. The front and back distance of each layer is small, and several positive steps are formed. ② The anti bench method is applied to the construction in the rock stratum with good stability. The whole tunnel section is also divided into several layers. At the bottom of the tunnel, a wide lower heading is excavated first, and then the excavation is expanded from the bottom to the top (Fig. 3b). When drilling holes in the upper layer, a working platform or a funnel shed should be set up, which can be used for loading ballast
full section method
the whole section is excavated at one time. It is suitable for medium and small section tunnels in good rock stratum. This method can use large machinery, such as rock drilling jumbo, large ballast loader, trough Jumbo or shuttle car, formwork jumbo and concrete pouring equipment for comprehensive mechanized construction. The appearance of NATM expands the application scope of full section method and step method
the method of wall first and arch later in the upper and lower heading is also called full section excavation method (Fig. 4). In the past, in order to improve the quality of lining in the soft rock stratum with poor stability, the construction method of excavating the whole section by parts first, and then building the lining in the order of wall first and arch second was used. When using this method to excavate, it needs to use a lot of timbers to support, and it needs to be replaced many times. The construction is difficult and unsafe, so it has not been used in China
mushroom shaped method
a hybrid scheme is formed by combining the characteristics of arch first and then wall method and funnel scaffolding method. After excavating 1 to 4 parts, the mushroom shaped cross section appears, so it is named. The funnel shed is set up in the lower heading for the purpose of expanding the excavation upward. At the same time, when the geological conditions of the arch are poor, the top arch can be built first to ensure the construction safety. This method has the advantage of easily changing to other methods. When the rock stratum is bad, it is changed to arch first and then wall method. When the rock stratum is good, it is changed to funnel scaffolding method. In China, it was first used in the construction of railway tunnels with stable rock strata, and then used to build large section caverns, creating favorable conditions for recing the setting up of formwork and the materials required, and speeding up the construction progress
the method of sidewall heading from wall to arch is also called core support method. When constructing a long-span tunnel in a very soft and unstable stratum, in order to ensure the safety of construction, it is necessary to excavate along the periphery of the tunnel by sections, and then graally build the lining from the side wall to the top arch to prevent the collapse of the stratum. During excavation, both temporary support and arch frame can be supported on the large core stratum not excavated in the middle of the tunnel. Under the protection of lining, the core can be removed finally, and the invert can be built if necessary
blasting excavation
the blasting requirements of tunnel and underground engineering construction are different from those of general rock engineering. In order to facilitate the loading of ballast, not to damage the temporary support or permanent lining nearby, not to make the rock burst into pieces or the broken rock block too large, and not to throw the rock block far away ring blasting, loose blasting is generally used. A blasting cycle is composed of drilling, charging, sealing, blasting, smoke exhaust, temporary support and mucking. Drilling and mucking take up most of the time and should be mechanized, such as using rock drill, mucking machine, mining traction locomotive, etc<
mining method
refers to the construction method of constructing tunnel by excavating underground tunnel. Mining method is a traditional construction method. Its basic principle is that after the tunnel excavation, affected by blasting, the rock mass will break and form a relaxed state, which may collapse at any time. Based on the theoretical basis of this relaxation load, the construction method is to adopt the segmented excavation one by one according to the sequence of parts, and the excavation and support are required for safety, so the support is complex and the timber consumption is large. With the emergence of shotcrete and anchor support, the number of parts is reced, and then the NATM is developed.
3.
line 3 to line 5
4. The nearest one is line 3 to dabushu station. It's a long way to go. If you change trains, it's the most convenient to transfer at Quyang Road station. Take 848 at Dalian West Road Station on Quyang Road and go back to dabushu station
5.
Get off at Quyang Road Station of Metro Line 8, exit at exit 6 and head north
6. From
Guangzhou East Railway Station
walk about 80 meters to Guangzhou east railway station, take long line 41 (4 stops), road 506 (5 stops), peak express line 24 (3 stops), peak express line 28 (less flights) (4 stops) 508 express line (less flights) (take 7 stops) to Guangyuan
Tianshou
crossroad east station (original
Guanggong
Wushan Campus Station) transfer to
University City Line 1
(take 3 stops) to Tang'an Road Station (
Keyun road
). Walk about 310 meters to Haohan business center, 6.8 kilometers, 21 yuan
Guangzhou East Railway Station
walk about 80 meters to Guangzhou east railway station, take long line 41 (4 stops), road 506 (5 stops), peak express line 24 (3 stops), peak express line 28 (less flights) (4 stops) 508 express line (less flights) (take 7 stops) to Guangyuan
Tianshou
crossroad east station (original
Guanggong
Wushan Campus Station) transfer to
University City Line 1
(take 3 stops) to Tang'an Road Station (
Keyun road
). Walk about 310 meters to Haohan business center, 6.8 kilometers, 21 yuan
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8.
Subway entrance generally has subway line
road map marking, driving through the station
, according to the place you want to go
, find the line or directly ask the conctor at the ticket exit. Personal
suggestions are for reference only< br />
9. The subway is divided into many lines, such as line 1, line 2, line 4, line 5, line 6 and so on. As for the number of lines you need to take, it depends on where you go from.
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