The latest virtual currency in 2015
network virtual currency can be roughly divided into
the first category is familiar game currency. In the era of stand-alone games, the protagonist accumulates money by knocking down the enemy, entering the gambling house to win money, and using these to buy Herbs and equipment, but it can only be used in his own game console. At that time, there was no "market" between players. Since the establishment of Internet portal and community, the realization of game networking, virtual currency has a "financial market", players can trade game currency
the second type is the special currency issued by the portal website or instant messaging service provider, which is used to purchase the services in the website. The most widely used is Tencent's q-coin, which can be used to purchase membership, QQ show and other value-added services
the third kind of virtual currency on the Internet, such as bitcoin (BTC), Fuyuan coin (FTC), Wright currency (LTC), etc. bitcoin is an electronic currency proced by open-source P2P software. Some people also translate bitcoin as "bitcoin", which is a kind of network virtual currency. It is mainly used for Internet financial investment, and can also be directly used in daily life as a new currency.
among them, the leading ones of domestic virtual currency are Yuanbao coin, Ruitai coin and bitcoin. These are sentimental currencies.
Quote "Busang gold mine" because it doesn't exist“ The exploration of "Busang gold mine" is a well-known fraud case in the exploration instry in the century“ The "Busang gold mine" once made many mineral exploration investors bankrupt, greatly reced the reputation of primary exploration companies, and collectively humiliated them. It also aggravated the ice age of mineral exploration in the late 1990s. The investigation fraud cases in this century have prompted the exploration instry to deeply reflect on the loopholes in risk exploration management, make improvements, and turn bad things into good ones, so that the new round of exploration climax since 2003 can develop healthily
"Busan gold deposit" was explored by bre-x minerals Ltd, a Canadian junior exploration company. Bre-x company, founded in 1989, is a junior exploration company listed in Alberta (ASE), Canada. Its president is David Walsh and chief geologist is feldhoff. Before 1993, the company had no good projects, and financing was very difficult. The company's stock price had been running at a low price, rarely exceeding C $0.2 per share
In May 1993, at the suggestion of feldhov, bre-x company acquired 80% of the exploration right of "Busan gold mine", which belongs to the belied company of Mohamed Hassan, a timber merchant in Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Then the "good news" of the project was continuously released, and the fund was continuously raised to expand the exploration. In two years, US $20 million was invested and 268 boreholes were constructed. In October 1995, 5 million ounces (about 142 tons) of resources were discovered. By the end of 1996, 71 million ounces (about 213 tons) of resources were discovered. Mitchell DeGuzman, chief geologist of the mining area and Filipino, revealed that the "Busan gold deposit" had a potential resource of 20000 ounces, becoming the "gold deposit" with the largest reserves in the world at that time. It is estimated that the annual output of gold will be 2.62 million ounces (about 74 tons per year). At the same time, the share price of bre-x company also soared rapidly, from C $0.5/share before the first announcement of resources in October 1995 to C $15 / share in April 1996, up 30 times. In August 1996, bre-x company was listed on NASDAQ in New York, and its liquidity became better. In addition, the news that investors were more excited about prospecting came. The stock price of bre-x company soared to 250 Canadian dollars per share, and it rose about 500 times in only 10 months. After a split of 10 shares, and up to 28 Canadian dollars / shareat the 1997 PDAC conference, everyone talked about the "Busang gold mine" which did not exist at all. Large mining companies have been actively involved. The astronomical wealth has attracted the attention and involvement of former Indonesian President Suharto. After arous negotiations, the rights and interests of "Busan gold mine" were adjusted to: bre-x 45%, Freeport 15%, Indonesian government 10%, and belied 30%
after Freeport company acquired the rights and interests of "Busang gold mine", we first verified the data of bre-x company. Freeport randomly selected four boreholes for verification, and repeated drilling at 1.5m away from the original hole. In a highly confidential measure, it was sent to three authoritative commercial laboratories for analysis at the same time. Before the opening of the market on March 27, 1997, Freeport company announced the verification results, and the average grade of mineralized parts was 0.06 g / T! There is a word used in the news: insignificant, that is to say, the gold content of these boreholes is worthless, meaningless, very low and insignificant. As soon as the market opened, bre-x shares fell 83%. Panic selling caused the stock market to close. At 6:00 a.m. on March 28, Beijing time, I was awakened by the telephone. Bi Dong, deputy manager of China clipper, a junior exploration company in Canada, asked me to have breakfast at Yuyang Hotel as soon as possible. He told me what happened in the past few hours. We all realized that the cold winter of mineral exploration market had suddenly arrived. In fact, before the arrival of this black Friday, there have been many crises in the "Busang gold mine" project. It is already "the rain is coming and the wind is full of buildings". In late February, a fire broke out in the core bank of the "Busang gold mine" exploration camp; On March 19, Mitchell DeGuzman, the chief geologist of the mining area, jumped from a helicopter at an altitude of 800 meters and killed himself. It is said that he was suffering from hepatitis. There are also rumors that deguzmann did not commit suicide, but the truth has become a mystery for ages
later, the shares of bre-x company were stable for 40 days at 2-3 Canadian dollars per share. Because some naive mineral exploration investors believe that even without 71 million ounces of gold resources, one tenth is worth it. However, the news on May 7 announced that the "Busang gold deposit" exploration was all false data, and the "Busang gold deposit" did not exist at all. Shares in bre-x fell from C $3.12 to C $0.03. This primary exploration company with a market value of 6.8 billion Canadian dollars (about 47 billion yuan) evaporated from the world. In this century's survey fraud, some survey speculators have become rich and some survey investors have lost their property
The scandal of bre-x promoted the establishment of the mining standards task force (mstf) by the Toronto Stock Exchange and the Ontario Securities Regulatory Commission to review the behavior, standards and operations in mineral exploration and development. At the same time, we have strengthened the management of qualified personnel (QP), that is, independent exploration geologists as mentioned in this book, confirmed qualified independent exploration geologists, and prepared geological reports for market useat present, some domestic articles are discussing the establishment of gem for financing risk mineral exploration in China to raise exploration funds, so as to solve the problem of insufficient investment in mineral exploration. The author believes that it is too early to discuss the listing of China's mineral exploration companies on the gem before the relevant system is established, before the independent intermediary institutions are formed, and before the self-discipline mechanism of the mineral exploration instry is awakened. There is still a long way to go to form the cultural tradition of commercial mineral exploration in China
the fifth set of RMB 100 banknotes in 2015 has been adjusted appropriately on the premise of keeping the specifications, main patterns on the front and back, main colors, "people's Bank of China" line name, national emblem, Braille and Chinese Pinyin line name, and national characters of the fifth set of RMB 100 banknotes in 2005 unchanged, The overall anti-counterfeiting performance is improved< (1) front pattern
add the number "100" in the middle of the face, and adjust the flower pattern in the middle of the flower cluster below to purple; Cancel the light variable ink denomination number in the lower left corner, and adjust it to offset printing pattern, with two-color horizontal number above it; On the right side of the front main scene pattern, light variable hollow out window safety line and vertical number are added; The denomination number in the upper right corner is changed from horizontal to vertical, and the number style is adjusted< (2) back pattern
the denomination year is changed to "2015"; The holographic magnetic window safety line on the right side and the anti pattern on the lower right corner are cancelled; The style of denomination number, color of partial decorative pattern on the face, offset printing pattern and its position were adjusted.