Virtual currency and third party payment
Publish: 2021-03-27 16:55:16
1.
In 2013, the people's Bank of China issued the notice on preventing bitcoin risks. Later, it was reported that the people's Bank of China had an interview with more than 10 third-party payment companies, explicitly requiring them not to provide payment and clearing services to bitcoin, lightcoin and other trading websites. The price of bitcoin in China has dropped all the way from about 7000 yuan to 3300 yuan. More analysis says that bitcoin will withdraw from China. Is that true
However, at present, the security risks of bitcoin have not been fully exposedthe overall risk increases
it must be admitted that the government's increased supervision leads to the further increase of the risk of bitcoin trading
moreover, the transaction threshold is obviously higher than before
In essence, as a means of investment, the risk of bitcoin is self-evident. If there is no final person to take over the offer, even if bitcoin is in short supply, it lacks real value and only has limited online use value. If you can't find the last recipient, bitcoin will probably disappear like a bubble. p>2.
virtual currency and electronic currency are not the same concept
the definition of e-money is to convert a certain amount of cash or deposit from the issuer and obtain data representing the same amount. By using some electronic methods, the data can be directly transferred to the payment object, so as to pay off the debt. E-money means that consumers pay traditional money to issuers of e-money, and issuers store legal money of equal value with traditional money in electronic devices held by consumers
electronic currency is the electronization of the legal tender, including our common bank cards, Internet banking, electronic cash, etc., as well as the third party payment developed in recent years, such as Alipay, fortune paid and so on. No matter what form these electronic currencies are and through which institutions they circulate, their original source is the legal money issued by the central bank
but virtual currency is the electronization of illegal currency, and its original issuer is not the central bank. For example, Tencent Q currency and other game currency, such virtual currency is mainly limited to circulation in a specific virtual environment. After the emergence of bitcoin, through the blockchain technology to better solve the problem of decentralization, distrust, to achieve global circulation, is sought after in the world. Electronic currency and virtual currency are collectively referred to as digital currency
3.
The differences between e-money and virtual money are as follows:
1. Electronic money refers to using a certain amount of cash or deposit to exchange from the issuer and obtain data representing the same amount, or through the quick payment service launched by the bank and the third party to transfer the balance in the bank through some electronic ways, so that transactions can be carried out. Strictly speaking, it is a kind of currency that consumers use the bank's Internet banking service to store value and make quick payment to the issuers of electronic currency, and make consumers trade electronically through media (two-dimensional code or hardware equipment)
Virtual currency refers to non real currency. Well known virtual currencies, such as online currency of Internet company, q-coin of Tencent company, q-point and voucher of Shanda company, micro currency launched by Sina (used for micro games, Sina reading, etc.), chivalrous Yuanbao (used for chivalrous road game), silver grain (used for bixue Qingtian game), and popular digital currencies in 2013 include bitcoin, Laite coin, infinite coin, quark coin, zeta coin, etc Barbecue coins, pennies (Internet), invisible gold bars, red coins, prime coins. At present, hundreds of digital currencies are issued all over the world. Popular in the circle & quot; The legend of "bitcoin, Wright silver, infinite copper, pennies aluminum" The detailed explanation of electronic currency is as follows:1. Concept: it is an encrypted serial number representing cash, which can be used to represent the currency value of various amounts in reality. With the transformation from paper-based economy to digital economy, e-cash will become the mainstream
2. Features: anonymity, transaction cost saving, transmission cost saving, low holding risk, flexible and convenient payment, anti-counterfeiting and anti repetition, non traceability
There are two kinds of e-cash: one is based on the Internet and keeps the binary data representing the value of money in the hard disk of the computer terminal; One is the electronic wallet that keeps the monetary value in the IC card and can be circulated without the bank payment system4. Definition: consumers pay traditional money to the issuers of electronic money, and the issuers store the equal value of traditional money in the electronic devices held by consumers in electronic form
4. With the development of the Internet, while providing a large number of free services to the majority of Internet users, according to the company's profit needs and the diversified needs of users, various websites have launched charging services. This also promoted the emergence of virtual currency
in order to provide better services, many portal websites and online game operators have been providing virtual currency for use for a long time. According to incomplete statistics, there are no less than 10 kinds of network virtual currency (referred to as network currency) currently in circulation, such as Q currency, network currency, cool currency, Warcraft currency, Paradise currency, Shanda (game area) coupon, etc. Take Q coin as an example, there are more than 200 million users. Instry insiders estimate that the domestic Internet has a virtual money market scale of several billion yuan per year, and is growing at a rate of 15% - 20%
in a market economy, demand stimulates innovation, which in turn stimulates demand. The increasing popularity of virtual currency is completed in the needs of users and the innovation of enterprises. At present, there are many kinds of virtual currency in China's network market, among which Tencent, relying on its huge QQ users, has timely launched QQ currency with the maturity of instant messaging market
it is undeniable that virtual currency makes us feel the convenience of purchasing network services, which is the inevitable proct of the development of network economy. But at present, the network virtual currency has quietly changed into a huge trading market
Lyndon larush, a famous American economist, once predicted that from 2050, the virtual currency of the Internet will be officially recognized to some extent and become a mobile currency. With such a large market and bright prospects, many companies are eager to try and intend to occupy this market. Now it seems that the network, PayPal (PayPal) and Tencent are in the leading position
at the present stage, most e-money is based on the existing real money (cash or deposit), which has the function of "value measurement" and "value preservation", and the precondition that e-money and real money can exchange at a ratio of 1
: 1 is established
as a means of payment, most e-money can not be separated from cash or deposit. It is transmitted and transferred by electronic means to pay off creditor's rights and debts and realize settlement. Therefore, the function and influence of e-money at present is essentially the relationship between e-money, cash and deposit
at present, there are four types of popular electronic currency in China
1. Stored value card electronic currency. Generally, it appears in the form of magnetic card or IC card. Besides commercial banks, it is also issued by telecommunication departments (ordinary telephone card, IC telephone card), IC enterprises (network card), commercial retail enterprises (various consumption cards), government organs (internal consumption IC card) and schools (Campus IC card). After the issuer receives the customer's funds in advance, it issues the equivalent stored value card, which makes the stored value card a new "deposit account" independent of the bank deposit. At the same time, the stored value card in the customer consumption to dect the way to pay fees, which is equivalent to the deposit account payment currency. At present, the deposits in the stored value cards are not included in the central bank's reserve requirements. Therefore, the stored value cards can rece the demand for cash and current savings
2. Credit card applied electronic currency. It refers to the credit card or quasi credit card issued by commercial banks, credit card companies and other issuers. The loan can be consumed within the credit limit specified by the issuer, and then the repayment can be made at the specified time. The widespread use of credit cards can expand consumer credit and affect money supply
3. They are mainly debit cards, electronic checks, etc., which are used to withdraw cash, transfer settlement and transfer funds from bank deposits in an electronic way. The widespread use of this kind of electronic payment method can rece the cost of consumers to and from the bank, rece the balance of cash demand, and speed up the circulation of money
4. Cash analog electronic currency. There are mainly two kinds: one is e-cash which is based on the Internet environment and keeps the binary data representing the value of money in the hard disk of the computer terminal; One is the electronic wallet that keeps the monetary value in the IC card and can be circulated without the bank payment system. This kind of e-money has the characteristics of anonymity of cash, can be used for payment between indivials, and can change hands many times. It is developed for the purpose of replacing entity cash. The expanding use of this kind of electronic currency can affect the currency issuing mechanism, rece the seigniorage income of the central bank, and rece the scale of assets and liabilities of the central bank
in order to provide better services, many portal websites and online game operators have been providing virtual currency for use for a long time. According to incomplete statistics, there are no less than 10 kinds of network virtual currency (referred to as network currency) currently in circulation, such as Q currency, network currency, cool currency, Warcraft currency, Paradise currency, Shanda (game area) coupon, etc. Take Q coin as an example, there are more than 200 million users. Instry insiders estimate that the domestic Internet has a virtual money market scale of several billion yuan per year, and is growing at a rate of 15% - 20%
in a market economy, demand stimulates innovation, which in turn stimulates demand. The increasing popularity of virtual currency is completed in the needs of users and the innovation of enterprises. At present, there are many kinds of virtual currency in China's network market, among which Tencent, relying on its huge QQ users, has timely launched QQ currency with the maturity of instant messaging market
it is undeniable that virtual currency makes us feel the convenience of purchasing network services, which is the inevitable proct of the development of network economy. But at present, the network virtual currency has quietly changed into a huge trading market
Lyndon larush, a famous American economist, once predicted that from 2050, the virtual currency of the Internet will be officially recognized to some extent and become a mobile currency. With such a large market and bright prospects, many companies are eager to try and intend to occupy this market. Now it seems that the network, PayPal (PayPal) and Tencent are in the leading position
at the present stage, most e-money is based on the existing real money (cash or deposit), which has the function of "value measurement" and "value preservation", and the precondition that e-money and real money can exchange at a ratio of 1
: 1 is established
as a means of payment, most e-money can not be separated from cash or deposit. It is transmitted and transferred by electronic means to pay off creditor's rights and debts and realize settlement. Therefore, the function and influence of e-money at present is essentially the relationship between e-money, cash and deposit
at present, there are four types of popular electronic currency in China
1. Stored value card electronic currency. Generally, it appears in the form of magnetic card or IC card. Besides commercial banks, it is also issued by telecommunication departments (ordinary telephone card, IC telephone card), IC enterprises (network card), commercial retail enterprises (various consumption cards), government organs (internal consumption IC card) and schools (Campus IC card). After the issuer receives the customer's funds in advance, it issues the equivalent stored value card, which makes the stored value card a new "deposit account" independent of the bank deposit. At the same time, the stored value card in the customer consumption to dect the way to pay fees, which is equivalent to the deposit account payment currency. At present, the deposits in the stored value cards are not included in the central bank's reserve requirements. Therefore, the stored value cards can rece the demand for cash and current savings
2. Credit card applied electronic currency. It refers to the credit card or quasi credit card issued by commercial banks, credit card companies and other issuers. The loan can be consumed within the credit limit specified by the issuer, and then the repayment can be made at the specified time. The widespread use of credit cards can expand consumer credit and affect money supply
3. They are mainly debit cards, electronic checks, etc., which are used to withdraw cash, transfer settlement and transfer funds from bank deposits in an electronic way. The widespread use of this kind of electronic payment method can rece the cost of consumers to and from the bank, rece the balance of cash demand, and speed up the circulation of money
4. Cash analog electronic currency. There are mainly two kinds: one is e-cash which is based on the Internet environment and keeps the binary data representing the value of money in the hard disk of the computer terminal; One is the electronic wallet that keeps the monetary value in the IC card and can be circulated without the bank payment system. This kind of e-money has the characteristics of anonymity of cash, can be used for payment between indivials, and can change hands many times. It is developed for the purpose of replacing entity cash. The expanding use of this kind of electronic currency can affect the currency issuing mechanism, rece the seigniorage income of the central bank, and rece the scale of assets and liabilities of the central bank
5. It's not a concept. Virtual money includes electronic money
1. Network virtual currency can be roughly divided into two categories:
the first category is familiar game currency. In the era of stand-alone games, the protagonist accumulates money by knocking down the enemy, entering the gambling house to win money, and uses these virtual game data to buy Herbs and equipment, or in some special games as a scoring unit to increase the fun of the game, which is an embodiment of the player level. But it can only be used in your own game console. At that time, there was no "market" between players. Since the establishment of Internet portal and community and the realization of game networking, there has been a "financial market" for virtual currency, where players can trade game currency
the second type is the special currency issued by the portal website or instant messaging service provider, which is used to purchase the services in the website. The most widely used is Tencent's q-coin, which can be used to purchase membership, QQ show and other value-added services
the third category refers to bitcoin, Ruitai coin, Laite coin, Weimeng coin and other digital cryptocurrencies
2. Electronic money refers to the exchange of a certain amount of cash or deposit from the issuer and the acquisition of data representing the same amount. By using some electronic methods, the data can be directly transferred to the payment object, so as to pay off the debt.
1. Network virtual currency can be roughly divided into two categories:
the first category is familiar game currency. In the era of stand-alone games, the protagonist accumulates money by knocking down the enemy, entering the gambling house to win money, and uses these virtual game data to buy Herbs and equipment, or in some special games as a scoring unit to increase the fun of the game, which is an embodiment of the player level. But it can only be used in your own game console. At that time, there was no "market" between players. Since the establishment of Internet portal and community and the realization of game networking, there has been a "financial market" for virtual currency, where players can trade game currency
the second type is the special currency issued by the portal website or instant messaging service provider, which is used to purchase the services in the website. The most widely used is Tencent's q-coin, which can be used to purchase membership, QQ show and other value-added services
the third category refers to bitcoin, Ruitai coin, Laite coin, Weimeng coin and other digital cryptocurrencies
2. Electronic money refers to the exchange of a certain amount of cash or deposit from the issuer and the acquisition of data representing the same amount. By using some electronic methods, the data can be directly transferred to the payment object, so as to pay off the debt.
6. The so-called third-party payment, in the transaction through the third-party payment platform, the buyer purchases goods, uses the account provided by the third-party platform to make payment, and the third party informs the seller of the arrival and delivery of the payment; After the buyer inspects the goods, he can notify the seller to pay, and the third party will transfer the money to the seller's account
bitcoin, Leyte, Ruitai and Weimeng are all decentralized digital currencies. Bitcoin is a consensus network, contributing to a new payment system and a fully digital currency. It is the first decentralized peer-to-peer payment network, which is controlled by its users without a central management organization or middleman. From the user's point of view, bitcoin is much like Internet cash. Bitcoin can also be regarded as the most outstanding three style bookkeeping system.
bitcoin, Leyte, Ruitai and Weimeng are all decentralized digital currencies. Bitcoin is a consensus network, contributing to a new payment system and a fully digital currency. It is the first decentralized peer-to-peer payment network, which is controlled by its users without a central management organization or middleman. From the user's point of view, bitcoin is much like Internet cash. Bitcoin can also be regarded as the most outstanding three style bookkeeping system.
7. What's your husband's idea? If he really wants to do things by himself, he should learn from his uncle and go shopping. At the beginning, he must do more chores, but he should be careful. He should not be willing to do this. He should timely put forward his idea to his uncle and ask to be involved in many aspects of engineering construction, such as procurement, negotiation, acceptance and so on
the roads are all made by yourself and planned by yourself. It is basically impossible to wait for others to plan for you. Your husband must have a heart to start his own business or work with his uncle.
the roads are all made by yourself and planned by yourself. It is basically impossible to wait for others to plan for you. Your husband must have a heart to start his own business or work with his uncle.
8. Currency devaluation (also known as currency devaluation) is the symmetry of currency appreciation. It refers to the decline of the value contained in or represented by unit currency, that is, the decline of unit currency price. Currency devaluation can be understood from different perspectives
from the domestic point of view, currency devaluation under the metal currency system refers to the measures to rece the legal metal content of the domestic currency and its price to metal ratio, so as to rece the value of the domestic currency; In modern paper currency system, currency devaluation refers to the decline of the value of paper currency when the quantity of paper currency in circulation exceeds the demand for money
from an international point of view, the value of a currency is expressed as the exchange capacity with foreign currencies, which is reflected in the change of exchange rate. At this time, currency devaluation refers to the decrease of the exchange capacity of a unit of domestic currency to foreign currencies and the decrease of the foreign exchange rate of domestic currency. For example, if 100 US dollars were exchanged for 300 RMB last year and 400 RMB this year, the RMB will depreciate. The devaluation of currency causes the rise of price in China. However, currency devaluation can stimulate proction under certain conditions, and rece the price of domestic goods abroad, which is concive to expanding exports and recing imports. Therefore, after the Second World War, many countries used it as a means of anti economic crisis and stimulating economic development.
from the domestic point of view, currency devaluation under the metal currency system refers to the measures to rece the legal metal content of the domestic currency and its price to metal ratio, so as to rece the value of the domestic currency; In modern paper currency system, currency devaluation refers to the decline of the value of paper currency when the quantity of paper currency in circulation exceeds the demand for money
from an international point of view, the value of a currency is expressed as the exchange capacity with foreign currencies, which is reflected in the change of exchange rate. At this time, currency devaluation refers to the decrease of the exchange capacity of a unit of domestic currency to foreign currencies and the decrease of the foreign exchange rate of domestic currency. For example, if 100 US dollars were exchanged for 300 RMB last year and 400 RMB this year, the RMB will depreciate. The devaluation of currency causes the rise of price in China. However, currency devaluation can stimulate proction under certain conditions, and rece the price of domestic goods abroad, which is concive to expanding exports and recing imports. Therefore, after the Second World War, many countries used it as a means of anti economic crisis and stimulating economic development.
9. Bitcoin
was proposed by Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009. According to the idea of Nakamoto, the open source software is designed and released, and the P2P network on it is constructed
bitcoin is a virtual encrypted digital currency in the form of P2P. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
unlike all currencies, bitcoin does not rely on a specific currency institution to issue. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation
the decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions
the biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity
on December 17, 2017, bitcoin reached an all-time high of $19850.
was proposed by Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009. According to the idea of Nakamoto, the open source software is designed and released, and the P2P network on it is constructed
bitcoin is a virtual encrypted digital currency in the form of P2P. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
unlike all currencies, bitcoin does not rely on a specific currency institution to issue. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation
the decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions
the biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity
on December 17, 2017, bitcoin reached an all-time high of $19850.
10. In the transaction through the third-party payment platform, the buyer uses the account provided by the third-party platform to pay for the goods after purchasing the goods, and the third party informs the seller of the arrival and delivery of the goods; After the buyer inspects the goods, he can notify the seller to pay, and the third party will transfer the money to the seller's account
at present, the well-known providers of domestic online payment platform services mainly include Shouxin "easy payment", Yida Xindong, cloud net, etc. Among them, the service scope of platform service providers such as Shouxin and Yida Xindong has spanned B2B, B2C, C2C and other fields, accumulated a certain number of fixed users at home and abroad, and occupied the congenital business background advantage. With the rise of online games in China, cloud net has become a black horse in the electronic payment instry
Free: Alipay, fortune com, PayPal
charges: speed remittance, online banking, fast cash, ring IPS, first letter payment, cloud network, YEEPAY
third party platform settlement payment mode has the following advantages:
(1) is more secure, credit card information or account information only need to inform payment intermediary. Without telling every payee, the risk of credit card information and account information losing secrets is greatly reced
(2) the payment cost is low, and payment intermediaries concentrate a large number of electronic small transactions, forming scale effect, so the payment cost is low
(3) easy to use. For the payer, what he is facing is a friendly interface, without considering the complicated technical operation process behind
(4) payment guarantee business can protect the interests of the payer to a great extent
the settlement payment mode of the third party platform has the following disadvantages:
(1) this is a payment mode of virtual payment layer, which requires other "actual payment methods" to complete the operation of the actual payment layer
(2) the bank card information of the payer will be exposed to the third-party payment platform. If the credit or confidentiality of the third-party payment platform is not good, it will bring relevant risks to the payer
(3) the legal status of the third-party settlement and payment intermediary is lack of regulations. Once the third-party settlement and payment intermediary is bankrupt, the "electronic currency" purchased by consumers may become bankruptcy claims and cannot be protected;
at present, the well-known providers of domestic online payment platform services mainly include Shouxin "easy payment", Yida Xindong, cloud net, etc. Among them, the service scope of platform service providers such as Shouxin and Yida Xindong has spanned B2B, B2C, C2C and other fields, accumulated a certain number of fixed users at home and abroad, and occupied the congenital business background advantage. With the rise of online games in China, cloud net has become a black horse in the electronic payment instry
Free: Alipay, fortune com, PayPal
charges: speed remittance, online banking, fast cash, ring IPS, first letter payment, cloud network, YEEPAY
third party platform settlement payment mode has the following advantages:
(1) is more secure, credit card information or account information only need to inform payment intermediary. Without telling every payee, the risk of credit card information and account information losing secrets is greatly reced
(2) the payment cost is low, and payment intermediaries concentrate a large number of electronic small transactions, forming scale effect, so the payment cost is low
(3) easy to use. For the payer, what he is facing is a friendly interface, without considering the complicated technical operation process behind
(4) payment guarantee business can protect the interests of the payer to a great extent
the settlement payment mode of the third party platform has the following disadvantages:
(1) this is a payment mode of virtual payment layer, which requires other "actual payment methods" to complete the operation of the actual payment layer
(2) the bank card information of the payer will be exposed to the third-party payment platform. If the credit or confidentiality of the third-party payment platform is not good, it will bring relevant risks to the payer
(3) the legal status of the third-party settlement and payment intermediary is lack of regulations. Once the third-party settlement and payment intermediary is bankrupt, the "electronic currency" purchased by consumers may become bankruptcy claims and cannot be protected;
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