China and South Korea strengthen supervision of virtual currency

1.

There is no official recognition of any virtual currency in China. There is also no legal virtual currency

virtual currency is the proct of network, and the flow of digital information in the network is beyond everyone's control. The code of cyberspace is the basis of the operation of virtual currency, investors can only operate through the front-end interface, seemingly "control" the virtual currency. The operator of the virtual currency service organization may become the actual controller of the virtual currency through the control code

bitcoin and other so-called "virtual currencies" lack a clear value basis, the market is full of speculative atmosphere, the price fluctuates violently, and investors blindly follow suit, which is easy to cause capital losses. There is no legal basis for the establishment of various so-called "currency" trading platforms in China

the establishment of all kinds of bitcoin trading places has neither been approved nor supervised. To enlarge the scale of transactions, it is necessary to provide leveraged transactions such as financing and melting coins, which has aggravated the price shocks and bubbles. The public has participated in such transactions without any legal protection. p>

extended information:

virtual currency is not issued by the monetary authority, does not have monetary attributes such as compensatory and mandatory, does not have the same legal status as currency, and cannot be used as currency in the market. In essence, the issuance and financing of virtual currency is a kind of illegal public financing without approval. It is suspected of illegal sale of token tickets, illegal fund-raising, financial fraud, pyramid schemes and other illegal and criminal activities. Investors should not be carried away by "high income"

There are many hidden risks in virtual currency, which seriously affect the financial order. Virtual money pyramid selling breaks through the limitation of traditional geographical space, and if there is a formal company facade as a cover, it can publicize the company on a large scale, and the propagation speed is amazing. If it can not be found and dealt with in time, it will cause great destructive power. In the future, the regulatory agencies can study and explore the relevant business models of virtual currency trading within the scope of controllable risk, improve the regulatory scheme, and promote the long-term regulatory mechanism

2.

In 2013, the people's Bank of China issued the notice on preventing bitcoin risks. Later, it was reported that the people's Bank of China had an interview with more than 10 third-party payment companies, explicitly requiring them not to provide payment and clearing services to bitcoin, lightcoin and other trading websites. The price of bitcoin in China has dropped all the way from about 7000 yuan to 3300 yuan. More analysis says that bitcoin will withdraw from China. Is that true

However, at present, the security risks of bitcoin have not been fully exposed

the overall risk increases

it must be admitted that the government's increased supervision leads to the further increase of the risk of bitcoin trading

moreover, the transaction threshold is obviously higher than before

In essence, as a means of investment, the risk of bitcoin is self-evident. If there is no final person to take over the offer, even if bitcoin is in short supply, it lacks real value and only has limited online use value. If you can't find the last recipient, bitcoin will probably disappear like a bubble. p>

3. In 2013, the people's Bank of China issued the notice on preventing bitcoin risks. Later, it was reported that the people's Bank of China had an interview with more than 10 third-party payment companies, explicitly requiring them not to provide payment and clearing services to bitcoin, lightcoin and other trading websites. The price of bitcoin in China has dropped all the way from about 7000 yuan to 3300 yuan. More analysis says that bitcoin will withdraw from China. Is that true< On December 5, 2013, the central bank and other five ministries and commissions issued the notice on the prevention of bitcoin risks, saying that bitcoin is not issued by the monetary authority, has no monetary attributes such as legal compensation and mandatory, and is not a real currency. The move caused bitcoin trading prices to plummet
since then, the network and shell electronics have announced the stop of bitcoin payment. Recently, the central bank interviewed the third party payment agencies. Alipay and Fu Tong pass closed the virtual currency trading window such as bitcoin, resulting in a further fall in bitcoin prices.
it is also reported that the cooperation between banks and bitcoin trading platform is not supported by the regulatory authorities, which basically turns off the possibility of recharge and withdrawal on bitcoin platform, that is, blocking the mutual exchange between domestic bitcoin and RMB
bitcoin trading platforms such as "bitcoin China" and okcoin also resumed to charge 0.3% transaction fees, and increased the withdrawal fees to 1%. Some analysts believe that this is to prevent a large number of investors from cashing out
all kinds of signs show that bitcoin is getting worse and worse in China. However, the conclusion of bitcoin's exit from China may be overstated
first, bitcoin can be freely traded as a commodity
although the central bank does not recognize the legal tender status of bitcoin, it does not deny the legitimacy of bitcoin as a commodity and does not prohibit investment, trading and purchase of bitcoin. Ordinary people have the freedom to participate at their own risk
Second, the bitcoin trade has not collapsed yet
a bitcoin player said that the current transaction price of bitcoin is not low enough to lead to the collapse of the trade. The price of bitcoin is still higher than the cost price of bitcoin, that is, the price of mining< Third, the transaction channel is not blocked

although some third-party payments have stopped supporting bitcoin transactions, and banks are not optimistic, bitcoin trading platform can also use other third-party payment interfaces, or use foreign payment interfaces to pay. Some bitcoin trading platforms are considering transferring their servers abroad
the above-mentioned bitcoin player said that he once withdrew cash from his personal account to remit money to him. In other words, bitcoin transaction may bypass the third-party payment
at the same time, cash transaction is also a possible way of transaction< Four, the biggest risk of bitcoin trading is not regulation
the biggest risk of bitcoin trading is not government regulation, but security risks
bitcoin is at risk of being stolen by hackers. If there is a large-scale loss of bitcoin, it will directly affect the fairness of market transactions, which is a real "bottom-up"
however, at present, the security risks of bitcoin have not been fully exposed
the overall risk has increased
it must be admitted that the government's increased supervision has further increased the risk of bitcoin trading
moreover, the transaction threshold is obviously higher than before
in essence, as a means of investment, the risk of bitcoin is self-evident. If there is no final person to take over the offer, even if bitcoin is in short supply, it lacks real value and only has limited online use value. If you can't find the last recipient, bitcoin will probably disappear like a bubble.

4. Reason: with the rapid development of information technology, real money is far from meeting people's demand for capital flow. If there are enough people to recognize the value of a virtual currency, it may become a substitute unit of material exchange, and the existence of virtual currency will inevitably cause another upsurge in the financial sector
in view of the possible risks of virtual currency, many international organizations and central banks have responded publicly to the supervision of virtual currency system. These responses can be roughly divided into four categories: warning and risk warning, supervision and registration permission, legislative norms, and explicit prohibition
(1) warning and risk warning
some central banks and regulators have issued risk warnings against the special currency and virtual currency system. The federal financial regulatory authority of Germany, the Bank of France, the central banks of the Netherlands and Belgium have issued public warnings against the possible money laundering and terrorist financing caused by the use of bitcoin. In the report released at the end of 2013, the European Banking authority (EBA) warned consumers of many risks of virtual currency, such as exchange loss, e-wallet theft, unprotected payment, price fluctuation and so on. Although Spain did not have a similar risk warning, it issued a timely information announcement related to virtual currency
(2) supervision and registration license
generally speaking, international organizations believe that the supervision of virtual currency should find a balance between risk prevention and innovation promotion. Since 2012, Sweden has required transactions related to virtual currency to be registered with financial regulators. Other countries pay attention to qualification supervision, so as to make it indirectly meet the requirements of prudential supervision. In other countries, the regulation mainly focuses on the business model of virtual currency transaction. The financial prudential regulatory authority of France regards the provision of bitcoin circulation and trading services and the act of earning funds in the process as a payment service and requires the authorization of the government. In addition, some countries focus on the intermediary institutions related to virtual currency. The German federal financial regulatory agency and Danish regulators believe that the provision of intermediary services for virtual currency needs to be authorized< (3) legislative norms
at present, some countries have proposed legislation to regulate virtual currency transactions. Canada plans to legislate to allow the government to supervise the transaction of bitcoin, and to include the transaction of more than US $10000 into the scope of suspicious supervision. The United States hopes to adjust the relevant legal structure should be compared with the development of the special currency. In order to make the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) applicable in the context of network, the financial crime enforcement network (FinCEN) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury issued the explanatory guidance on the behavior and subject definition of private generation, holding, distribution, trading, acceptance and transmission of virtual currency in 2013. The European central bank stressed that it should strengthen international cooperation under the existing legal framework, and regulate virtual currency from the European and global level under the existing legal framework. More countries believe that bitcoin is not a currency in circulation, has no legal status, and does not meet the definition of financial instruments, such as Finland, Sweden, Malaysia and Indonesia
(4) it is forbidden
in some countries, bitcoin related transactions are prohibited. In December 2013, the people's Bank of China banned financial institutions from trading in bitcoin, which was subsequently extended to payment service providers. The central banks of Thailand and Indonesia share the same attitude. The circulation of anonymous internet currency (including bitcoin) is prohibited by the Russian judicial inspection department as a substitute for currency. The Central Bank of Russia has earlier included the provision of bitcoin services in the scope of suspicious transaction monitoring. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has banned the issue of unregistered shares in exchange for bitcoin, and unregistered online securities trading activities in virtual currency.

5.

It is reported that zeniex will launch the virtual currency wallet download and other deposit services today, and the virtual currency trading and other trading services will start on the 13th. Due to the delay in opening a real name virtual account in South Korea, it will take the lead in launching the "virtual currency transaction service" with bitcoin (BTC) in a short time

e to the frequent occurrence of account security related accidents in the virtual currency trading market of South Korea recently, investors are very worried. Therefore, zeniex has developed a series of strict management plans from the beginning of membership certification

membership authentication needs four steps: email authentication, mobile phone authentication, OTP authentication and ID card authentication. At the same time, in order to be on guard, zeniex stipulates that investors must carry out dynamic password authentication when making money. If you want to increase the upper limit of payment, you need to carry out ID card authentication

Cui Jingzhun, head of zeniex, said, "after the exchange goes online, we will try our best to make the trading system operate safely and stably."

it is reported that Chinese enterprises have participated in the technical work related to the cooperation between China and South Korea in building zeniex exchange to improve blockchain security

isn't virtual currency legal

6.

On March 28, the central bank held a national teleconference on monetary gold and silver work in 2018. Fan Yifei, vice governor of the people's Bank of China, pointed out that we should further strengthen reform and innovation and solidly promote the research and development of digital currency of the people's Bank of China. We should strictly strengthen internal management and external supervision, attach great importance to and effectively strengthen the quality control of RMB, carry out large amount cash management, build a cash clearing enterprise supervision system in accordance with the law, carry out the rectification and clean-up of all kinds of virtual currencies, and strive to build a "five in one" anti-counterfeit currency working mechanism

from the perspective of global digital currency regulatory practice, China has adopted a more stringent regulatory approach, but it does not mean that China can stay out of the global financial innovation wave. In the future, China should actively participate in the global governance of digital currency and enhance its influence and voice in the development of digital currency and regulatory rules

7. Regulators talk about the supervision of virtual currency again. Why should virtual currency be supervised< p> Recently, the regulatory authorities reiterated their views on virtual currency, and then strengthened the supervision of virtual currency. This argument has attracted a lot of people's attention on the Internet. For a long time, virtual currency has been repeatedly banned on the Internet, which has caused many governments to have a headache. For example, bitcoin, which has been popular on the Internet before, has been admired by many people, and many people spend their time on it; Mining & quot; In recent years, the infatuation for bitcoin has reached a fanatical level. Recently, I believe many people have heard of dogcoin. As a similar proct of blockchain, dogcoin is a kind of virtual currency like bitcoin, which has set off a huge wave for people's social life

In addition, virtual currency has led many people to inlge in it and reced their enthusiasm for life. Therefore, many people waste their time and it is very unwise to waste their time in this kind of virtual data. Therefore, we should spontaneously boycott the virtual currency and contribute to the maintenance of the world monetary system

8.

In order to defend the peso, which has been under great devaluation pressure since December last year, the Central Bank of Argentina raised interest rates three times in a row from April 27 to May 4, raising the benchmark interest rate from 27.25% to 40%

At present, Argentina has asked for financial support from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to help curb the decline of the peso for five consecutive months. IMF president Lagarde said in a public statement in Washington on the 8th that the IMF and the Argentine government have started to work together to strengthen Argentina's economy, and these measures will be implemented in the short term

At the beginning of the 20th century, Argentina's economy once ranked among the top ten in the world. What's wrong with Argentina's economy today

Since December last year, the Argentine Peso has been under the pressure of devaluation, and the cumulative decline of the peso against the US dollar once reached more than 15%

in the face of the sudden sharp depreciation of the peso, in order to stabilize investors' confidence and the mood of domestic residents, the Central Bank of Argentina raised interest rates for three consecutive times in eight days: on April 27, it raised interest rates by 300 basis points, raising the benchmark interest rate from 27.25% to 30.25%; On May 3, the Central Bank of Argentina raised interest rates again by 300 basis points, and the benchmark interest rate has reached 33.25%; In order to curb the peso's decline in the foreign exchange market, the Central Bank of Argentina directly raised the benchmark interest rate to 40% on May 4

In line with the action of the central bank, the Argentine government has reced its fiscal deficit target from 3.2% of GDP to 2.7% this year. So far, the peso has a little breathing space in the foreign exchange market

Martin, chairman of Argentina E3 engineering company, told China first finance and economics that the fluctuation is the adjustment of the market exchange rate by the Central Bank of Argentina

he explained that when Argentina's president Mauricio Macri came to power at the end of 2015, Argentina's last government left an inflation rate of about 28%. Although the Macri government introced a series of measures to curb inflation, it had little effect, because the Macri government relied on borrowing and issuing excess currency to solve the problem, and the growth of the real economy was small. From 2017 to 2018, the interest rate of local currency short-term bonds of the central bank was about 26% - 28%. However, the exchange rate of Peso against the US dollar remained relatively stable, resulting in the lag of Peso exchange rate and arbitrage space for financial institutions. In addition, in April this year, the Afghan government began to levy a financial income tax ranging from 5% to 15% on foreign financial investors, which was also affected by the rise of US bond interest rate, As a result, a large number of funds came out at the end of April and the beginning of May after making profits, which led to the sharp fluctuation of Arab exchange rate market last week

Dr. Shi peiran of the Latin American Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences specifically analyzed the multiple factors of the peso exchange rate fluctuation to the first financial reporter

he believes that from the perspective of internal factors, Argentina's economy has shown a moderate recovery in recent years after the Macri government took power. After Macri came to power, he released the strict foreign exchange control of the former government and adopted a series of market-oriented measures. Therefore, since 2016, the international market has generally been optimistic about Argentina's economy, which is reflected in the relatively stable exchange rate of Peso against the US dollar and the rising price of Argentine government bonds in the international market

however, in January 2018, the Central Bank of Argentina raised the inflation target for 2018. Meanwhile, the implementation of the government budget in 2017 also shows that the target of recing expenditure and deficit of the Argentine government has not met the expectation, which is a smell of risk for investors

Shi peiran added that if it is other countries, the combination of the two will cause some degree of exchange rate fluctuations, but the scale is difficult to compare with Argentina. Because Argentina is famous for its currency devaluation, the large-scale currency crisis of the Argentine Peso has occurred more than once. At the same time, another bad reputation of Argentina lies in foreign exchange control. For example, ring the term of former president Christina, the free flow of foreign exchange in Argentina was a big problem

In terms of external factors, according to Shi peiran's analysis, the strength of the US dollar in recent years is a huge pressure on emerging countries. Therefore, the combination of internal and external factors has aroused the concern of international investors. The natural choice made by the market is to sell the peso in exchange for the US dollar. What is chain like is that once the Argentine Peso begins to depreciate on a large scale, it is difficult for the international market not to recall the peso crises of the 1980s and 1990s

At the same time, the world bank believes that Argentina's economic recovery is continuing. Argentina's economy deflated by 1.8% in 2016 and recovered in 2017 with a growth rate of 2.9%. At the same time, Argentina's basic deficit decreased from 4.3% of GDP in 2016 to 3.8% of GDP in 2017, but both were lower than the official fiscal target. The Argentine government plans to graally achieve a basic fiscal balance by 2021

According to Tang Jun, Argentina's economy grew slightly in 2017, which shows that many policies of Markley to stimulate economic growth have played a certain role. In 2018, the Argentine government will set its economic growth target at about 3%. China's one belt, one road initiative and its desire to move forward in 2017 will bring new opportunities for Argentina to visit Macri. However, Argentina's economy is also facing many problems, such as single economic structure, fragile financial system, high foreign debt, high government deficit and so on. There are still many negative factors affecting economic growth and social stability. Argentina's economic growth is still shrouded in an unknown shadow

as for the current economic performance of Argentina, Martin believes that Argentina adopts the semi floating exchange rate system under the intervention of the central bank, and the Central Bank of Argentina and the Ministry of finance have taken measures to significantly adjust the short-term interest rates to stabilize the foreign exchange market, so as to control the situation in the short term, open and operate the market with greater flexibility and volatility from the medium to normal period, and rece the possibility of similar fluctuations or greater crises

However, it will take some time to solve the deeper problems of the national real economy, such as the heavy tax burden, the reform of labor law, and how to improve the investment environment Martin said, "Argentina's economy is expected to maintain 2% growth this year, inflation rate is about 25%, government fiscal deficit is slightly reced, and trade deficit is about 30 billion US dollars."

Tang Jun also said that 2018 is Argentina's home diplomatic year, and the G20 will be held in Argentina. The government of marcori wants to take the opportunity to further promote reform and increase budget expenditure, while the financial deficit of the Argentine government continues to expand, coupled with the successive years of trade deficit, shortage of money, high foreign debt, and huge pressure on the financial system, As a result, since the beginning of this year, the peso's exchange rate against the US dollar has depreciated by more than 40% (from about 17:1 to the current 25:1), and there is a trend of further deterioration. Therefore, the Central Bank of Argentina has to take measures to start the peso defense war

9.

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