Virtual currency M0

1. In addition to bitcoin, there are many other virtual currencies in the virtual world< Liteoin (LTC) was released on October 7, 2011, and is currently the most valuable counterfeit currency, accounting for about 2% of BTC's market value. The current unit price is US $2.31, with a total currency value of US $38 million

this is also a distributed (decentralized) digital currency. Unlike the sha256 mining algorithm used by bitcoin, LTC adopts scrypt algorithm. Scrypt algorithm uses sha256 as its subroutine, and scrypt itself needs a lot of memory. Each hash is used as the seed of the input, and then it needs a lot of memory to store another pseudo-random sequence to generate the pseudo-random points of the sequence and output the hash value. In the mining of BTC (bitcoin), it is not enough to rely on simple graphics card mining (it takes about ten to dozens of days to dig a BTC with general configuration graphics card). The emergence of various expensive mining machines has raised the threshold for ordinary people to get BTC through mining, while LTC has certain advantages in using PC graphics card mining This passage comes from Zhihu.)

compared with BTC, litecain has made a little improvement in technology. If BTC is gold now, LTC is silver for the time being

the biggest advantage of litecoin is that it can confirm the authenticity faster. The virtual currency is designed and maintained by Charles Lee. Bitcoin transactions need to be verified, and the average verification time is more than 10 minutes. Most transaction websites need 1 hour to verify. The average transaction confirmation time of liteoin is 2.5 minutes. Developers claim that shortening the verification time increases the practicability of virtual currency. The bitcoin mining efficiency of customized machine and AMD GPU is the highest, making it almost unprofitable for miners using CPU mining. Litecain's mining excludes GPUs and custom processors, so it doesn't rely too much on a small number of professional miners

ppcoin

ppcoin (PPC) was released on August 19, 2012, which has improved the original technology of BTC. Use proof of make and add the concept of coin age

ppcoin is a bifurcated project of bitcoin, which aims to achieve energy efficiency and maintain the best performance of the original bitcoin as far as possible. The unit price of ppcoin is US $0.22 and the total currency value is US $4 million

ppcoin does not have a fixed upper limit of money supply, but it does not mean that ppcoin has obvious inflation compared with bitcoin. Bitcoin can be compared to gold. The annual inflation rate of gold is about 1-3%. Although gold has no known upper limit of money supply, we still know that it is a reliable scarce commodity

ppcoin has two types of casting: work certificate and equity certificate. The coinage rate of working proof is affected by Moore's law, which depends on the doubling of our working proof ability. What we all know is that Moore's law will eventually come to an end. By then, the ppcoin of inflation may be close to the gold level. The annual maximum inflation rate of certificate of equity is 1%. At the same time, ppcoin's transaction costs were destroyed to fight inflation. So on the whole, the coin design of ppcoin is still a very low inflation design in the future, which can be comparable with bitcoin<

ppcoin's reward is similar to lottery, which will determine the winning probability according to the number of ppcoin held by miners. Sunny king, one of the founders, said that their design is based on a new concept of long-term energy efficiency

terracoin

terracoin (TRC) was released on October 26, 2012, with a total currency of 42 million. The speed of each block is 2 minutes, slightly faster than LTC. There is not much special in technology, similar to the proction of BTC halved every four years

however, the operation team seems to have a strong business background and may be better than other bitcoins in circulation. The development of virtual currency is getting more and more attention. Now some teams with business background will accelerate the development of virtual currency

namecoin

namecoin is a distributed domain name system based on bitcoin technology. Its principle is the same as bitcoin. The first release date of this open source software is April 18, 2011

namecoin is generated from an original block which is different from bitcoin's main trading block. It uses a new blockchain, which is independent of bitcoin's blockchain. Because it is based on bitcoin, the security, distribution, robustness, encryption and migration of domain names are guaranteed mathematically. You can dig bitcoin and namecoin at the same time

this project was discussed and proposed by bitdns, which is mainly dissatisfied with the defects of DNS. The only top-level domain name of namecoin is. Bit. It costs namecoin to register a. Bit domain name

in addition, Q currency, Shanda currency, starting point currency and various online game currencies are also virtual currencies.

2.

Generally, the excellent digital currencies are mostly imported procts, such as bitcoin, Leyte coin, ether coin and so on. However, the domestic Yuanbao coin, Ruitai coin, bitcoin and the tokens of different crowdfunding projects of European crowdfunding are excellent digital currencies

< H2 > development materials

digital currency (English: digital currency) is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. At present, no central bank of any government has indicated that it will issue digital currency, and digital currency does not have to have a benchmark currency and a central bank

it is different from the virtual currency in the virtual world, because it can be used for real goods and services transactions, not limited to online games. The early digital currency (digital gold currency) is a form of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. Today's digital currency, such as bitcoin, lightcoin and ppcoin, is an electronic currency created, issued and circulated by check sum cryptography

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4. What will be the beginning of RMB 50 in 2019? At present, there are only three fifbfc titles. Later, they may be released one after another

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7.

The three-level power trading center of State Grid Corporation of China was established in October 2006. It is the functional department of State Grid Corporation of China in charge of power market construction, power trading organization and power market service

the main responsibilities of the power trading center are to count and distribute the electricity quantity, to count the demand of power generation and supply enterprises, and to contact the power generation enterprises and power consumption enterprises to directly trade and distribute the trading area and trading quantity

extended data:

with the completion of the Three Gorges power station, cross provincial and cross regional power trading will play a more and more important role, and regional power market research has attracted more and more attention. There are great differences in the economic development level and energy structure of various regions in China, as well as in the development level, power supply structure and power demand level of their power instry

Therefore, the construction of regional power market should be adapted to local conditions and adopt the market organization mode and price mechanism in line with the actual situation

based on the experience of foreign countries, the basic mode of China's regional power market is regional unified market and regional common market. The basic feature of regional common market is to retain the provincial power market, and the market subject of provincial power market concts inter provincial power / electricity trading. In the regional unified market mode, the provincial power market is canceled, and the power generation enterprises of each province compete on the regional unified platform

the regional unified market can realize the optimal allocation of resources in a wide range, but the current power system in China takes the province as the entity, except for the northeast region, most other regions still have great difficulties in adopting the regional unified market model, and it is expected that the work will be carried out in the form of regional common market in the initial stage

8. Access conditions for power sales companies< (1) an enterprise legal person registered in accordance with the company law of the people's Republic of China< (2) asset requirements
1. The total amount of assets shall not be less than RMB 20 million
2. Those with total assets ranging from RMB 20 million to RMB 100 million can be engaged in the business of selling 600-3 billion kwh of electricity annually
3. Those with total assets ranging from RMB 100 million to RMB 200 million can be engaged in the business of annual electricity sales ranging from 3 to 6 billion kwh
4. If the total assets are more than 200 million yuan, the sales of electricity are not limited< (3) employees. With 10 or more professionals, master the basic technical and economic knowledge of power system, have the ability of power management, energy saving management, demand side management, and more than three years of working experience. At least one senior professional title and three intermediate professional managers< (4) business premises and equipment. It should have the information system and customer service platform required by the fixed business place and the power market technical support system which are suitable for the scale of power sales, and can meet the functions of quotation, information submission, contract signing, customer service, etc. of participating in market transactions< (5) credit requirements. No bad credit record, and make credit commitment according to the requirements to ensure honest and trustworthy operation< (6) other conditions stipulated by laws and regulations
Article 6 in addition to the above access conditions, the power selling company with the right to operate the distribution network shall also meet the following conditions:
(1) the registered capital of the power selling company with the right to operate the distribution network shall not be less than 20% of its total assets< (2) obtain power business license (power supply) according to relevant regulations
(3) add no less than 20 professional and technical personnel, marketing personnel and financial personnel who are suitable for engaging in power distribution business, including at least two professional managers with senior titles and five professional managers with intermediate titles< (4) the person in charge of proction and operation, the person in charge of technology and the person in charge of safety shall have at least five years of relevant experience in power distribution business, and have intermediate or above professional and technical qualification or post training certificate
(5) have a sound and effective safety proction organization and system, carry out safety training in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and equip safety supervisors
(6) having machines and equipment and maintenance personnel suitable for undertaking power distribution business. If a qualified installation (repair and test) team is entrusted, it shall bear the responsibility of supervision
(7) have the site equipment and personnel that match the distribution business and meet the requirements of dispatching standards< (8) promise to fulfill the obligations of power social universal service and minimum power supply service
Article 7 power generation enterprises, electric power construction enterprises, high-tech instrial parks, economic and technological development zones, water supply, gas supply, heating and other public service instries and energy-saving service companies that have the legal personality and meet the access conditions of power sales companies can apply for business scope additions to the instrial and commercial department, and carry out power sales business after fulfilling the access proceres of power sales companies. In addition to the existing assets of power grid enterprises, the existing qualified high-tech instrial parks, economic and technological development zones and other enterprises that construct and operate the distribution network can be voluntarily transferred to power sales companies with distribution business after fulfilling the corresponding access proceres.