The State forbids the mining of virtual currency
in view of the possible risks of virtual currency, many international organizations and central banks have responded publicly to the supervision of virtual currency system. These responses can be roughly divided into four categories: warning and risk warning, supervision and registration permission, legislative norms, and explicit prohibition
(1) warning and risk warning
some central banks and regulators have issued risk warnings against the special currency and virtual currency system. The federal financial regulatory authority of Germany, the Bank of France, the central banks of the Netherlands and Belgium have issued public warnings against the possible money laundering and terrorist financing caused by the use of bitcoin. In the report released at the end of 2013, the European Banking authority (EBA) warned consumers of many risks of virtual currency, such as exchange loss, e-wallet theft, unprotected payment, price fluctuation and so on. Although Spain did not have a similar risk warning, it issued a timely information announcement related to virtual currency
(2) supervision and registration license
generally speaking, international organizations believe that the supervision of virtual currency should find a balance between risk prevention and innovation promotion. Since 2012, Sweden has required transactions related to virtual currency to be registered with financial regulators. Other countries pay attention to qualification supervision, so as to make it indirectly meet the requirements of prudential supervision. In other countries, the regulation mainly focuses on the business model of virtual currency transaction. The financial prudential regulatory authority of France regards the provision of bitcoin circulation and trading services and the act of earning funds in the process as a payment service and requires the authorization of the government. In addition, some countries focus on the intermediary institutions related to virtual currency. The German federal financial regulatory agency and Danish regulators believe that the provision of intermediary services for virtual currency needs to be authorized< (3) legislative norms
at present, some countries have proposed legislation to regulate virtual currency transactions. Canada plans to legislate to allow the government to supervise the transaction of bitcoin, and to include the transaction of more than US $10000 into the scope of suspicious supervision. The United States hopes to adjust the relevant legal structure should be compared with the development of the special currency. In order to make the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) applicable in the context of network, the financial crime enforcement network (FinCEN) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury issued the explanatory guidance on the behavior and subject definition of private generation, holding, distribution, trading, acceptance and transmission of virtual currency in 2013. The European central bank stressed that it should strengthen international cooperation under the existing legal framework, and regulate virtual currency from the European and global level under the existing legal framework. More countries believe that bitcoin is not a currency in circulation, has no legal status, and does not meet the definition of financial instruments, such as Finland, Sweden, Malaysia and Indonesia
(4) it is forbidden
in some countries, bitcoin related transactions are prohibited. In December 2013, the people's Bank of China banned financial institutions from trading in bitcoin, which was subsequently extended to payment service providers. The central banks of Thailand and Indonesia share the same attitude. The circulation of anonymous internet currency (including bitcoin) is prohibited by the Russian judicial inspection department as a substitute for currency. The Central Bank of Russia has earlier included the provision of bitcoin services in the scope of suspicious transaction monitoring. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has banned the issue of unregistered shares in exchange for bitcoin, and unregistered online securities trading activities in virtual currency.
There are two reasons for the prohibition of virtual currency trading by the state:
1. The price fluctuates violently and the consumer protection is lacking:
virtual currency is the proct of network, and the digital information flowing in the network is beyond everyone's control. The code of cyberspace is the basis of the operation of virtual currency, investors can only operate through the front-end interface, seemingly "control" the virtual currency. The operator of the virtual currency service organization may become the actual controller of the virtual currency through the control code
bitcoin and other so-called "virtual currencies" lack a clear value basis, the market is full of speculative atmosphere, the price fluctuates violently, and investors blindly follow suit, which is easy to cause capital losses
2. Evade supervision and become the "accomplice" of criminal activities:
bitcoin is popular as a payment tool in the so-called "dark web" world“ The "dark net" is full of all kinds of serious criminal activities. One of the original intentions of the invention of bitcoin is to evade regulation. It has the characteristics of anonymity and convenient cross-border flow, and has become the preferred tool of "underground economy"
the existence of bitcoin and exchanges and other instrial chains has constructed a illegal financial market for asset transfer and financing in addition to legal currency, increased the difficulty of regulatory authorities in managing financial security and stability, and promoted regulatory arbitrage and financial crimes. The risks and social security risks it brings to the financial market are far higher than its innovative value
extended information
virtual currency transactions are not protected by law:
according to the notice on preventing bitcoin risks issued by the people's Bank of China and other departments on December 3, 2013 and the announcement on preventing financing risks of token issuance issued by seven ministries and commissions including the people's Bank of China on September 4, 2017, virtual currency is not issued by monetary authorities, It is not a real currency because it does not have the monetary attributes of legal compensation and compulsion
in terms of nature, virtual currency should be a specific virtual commodity, which does not have the same legal status as currency, and can not and should not be used as currency in the market. Although citizens' investment and trading in other virtual currencies are personal freedom, they can not be protected by law
The Chinese government has banned the circulation of bitcoin on all platforms, closed all platforms for trading bitcoin, and regarded bitcoin as a haven for criminal activities such as money laundering
In addition, bitcoin will eliminate the role of middleman in the near future& mdash; As a result, no institution or government can control or monopolize this decentralized currencythe transaction of bitcoin is completed in a direct way, without any financial intermediary, that is to say, bitcoin can complete the transaction directly between the buyer and the seller, without the need for a third party or other traditional banknotes as an intermediary. Therefore, bitcoin will pose a major threat to the banking system{ RRRRR}
based on two characteristics, the Chinese government allows the exploitation of bitcoin. According to a report released by bitooda, a professional cryptocurrency company, China has become the world's fertile ground for cryptocurrency mining, which accounts for more than 50% of the world's total mining
it is reported that the value of a bitcoin is currently equivalent to US $31000, which means that China has made huge profits from mining. Therefore, it can be said that the Chinese government is treating bitcoin in a way that is in line with its national interests, while protecting the digital RMB from any competitors. This shows that China is full of wisdom and rationality when dealing with bitcoin, and makes it in line with national interests
According to the news on January 19, the business management department of the central bank recently issued the notice on self inspection and rectification of providing payment services for illegal virtual currency transactions (hereinafter referred to as the notice), requiring legal person Payment institutions within their jurisdiction to strictly prohibit providing services for virtual currency transactions and take effective measures to prevent payment channels from being used for virtual currency transactions
according to the "notice" on the Internet, all legal person Payment institutions carry out self inspection and rectification work in their own units and branches from the date of document release, strictly prohibit providing services for virtual currency transactions, and take effective measures to prevent payment channels from being used for virtual currency transactions. At the same time, the notice requires that all units should strengthen the daily transaction monitoring, timely close the payment channels of relevant transaction subjects for the discovered virtual currency transactions, and properly handle the funds to be settled, so as to avoid mass incidents
in addition, the notice pointed out at the end that all units should report the self inspection situation and the measures taken to the business management department on January 20, 2018
one special city [Seoul],
five municipalities directly under the central government [now known as "Wanan city"]
- Incheon, Busan, Guangzhou, Datian, Daegu,
Five "Dao" (province)
- Gyeonggi, zhongqingbei, zhongqingnan, quanluobei, quanluonan, qingshangbei, qingshangnan, Jizhou
City, district [Wanan city], county, city, cave [city], Li
(corresponding to China) where their & quot; Dao & quot; What is the corresponding administrative region of China
province
& quot; Hole & quot; Like & quot; Pingchang Cave & quot; Which administrative region of China
Beijing 〉 Dongcheng District 〉 Wangfujing 〉 xindong'an market
& quot; Hole & quot; "Wangfujing" in the above is equal
do you know Shuiyu cave in Seoul
Jiangbei District of Seoul
is it a rich area or a poor area or a place where ordinary people live
neither the rich nor the poor can be said
there are good people and poor people living there
ordinary people live in the middle income class
[the annual income is 50 million to 100 million won - equivalent to 350000 to 700000 yuan]
what is the monthly salary of high school Chinese teachers in Seoul
[state] 2-3 million won,
[private] 3-5 million won
in Korean dramas, it seems that it is very expensive for Korean people to eat meat
because of the small land and large population in South Korea, the supply is short of demand, so the price is rising
is Korean meat expensive? What is the maximum and minimum denomination of the won
the price of meat is expensive. The highest cash denomination of the won is 10000 yuan, and the lowest denomination is 10 yuan
[there are cheques in Korea, with the minimum denomination of 100000 and the maximum general denomination of 100 million]
how many square meters is a ping? Do you like Korean star Li BAOYING
Yiping = 3 M2 = 3mx1m / Li BAOYING is an actor. I don't like watching TV plays very much
is my ideal object yo ha... How much is the monthly salary of Korean civil servants<
the civil servants in South Korea have grades - 1 ~ 9 -
the highest income of civil servants in Grade 1, with an annual income of 50 million yuan
the lowest income of civil servants in Grade 9, with an annual income of 6.7 million Yuan
how much RMB is needed to travel to South Korea
about $200 (three days per two people) is enough for a tour group
if you travel by yourself, it costs about $500 in addition to air or boat tickets.