Ranking of global virtual currency usage ratio
according to the notice and announcement issued by the people's Bank of China and other departments, virtual currency is not issued by the monetary authority, does not have legal compensation and mandatory monetary attributes, is not a real currency, does not have the same legal status as currency, cannot and should not be used as currency in the market, and citizens' investment and transaction of virtual currency are not protected by law
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1. The market of virtual currency is formed spontaneously and can be traded freely
2. The source code of virtual currency is open source
3. Virtual currency is proced by mining, and it is decentralized rather than platform self-proced currency. Centralized virtual currency will be excluded
none of these three points can be satisfied. It is said that Morgan has changed its name three times. The last name is BBT, which is a typical pyramid scheme. Bitcoin home, the mainstream media in the coin circle, has exposed it.
In 2016, the global ranking of virtual currency is respectively as follows:
< H2 > bitcoin, Leyte, Ecuadorian, reborn, bitstock, doggy, Diablo, futurecoin, diandiancoin and Xingxing < H2 > first place: bitcoinsince its release in 2009, bitcoin has become the most well-known virtual currency. This virtual currency was developed by indivials or organizations under the pseudonym of "Nakamoto Tsung" (whose real identity has always been unknown), and is mainly used by online merchants. However, in recent years, some small physical merchants have begun to accept bitcoin payment. Through complex algorithms and a large number of computing resources, users can obtain bitcoin through "mining". Of course, they can also purchase bitcoin through exchanges or services like bitinstagnt and coinbase. The total amount of bitcoin that can be mined is about 21 million, while the current mining amount has exceeded 11 million. Bitcoin has attracted the attention of Western Union, MoneyGram and paypal. It is reported that these services are evaluating whether users are allowed to use bitcoin on their respective platforms
< H2 > second place: lightcoinlightcoin is inspired by bitcoin (BTC) and has the same implementation principle in technology. The creation and transfer of lightcoin is based on an open source encryption protocol and is not managed by any central organization. Lightcoin aims to improve bitcoin. Compared with bitcoin, lightcoin has three significant differences. First, the lightcoin network can process a block every 2.5 minutes (instead of 10 minutes), so it can provide faster transaction confirmation. Second, the lightcoin network is expected to proce 84 million lightcoins, four times the amount of money issued by bitcoin network. Thirdly, the scrypt encryption algorithm first proposed by Colin Percival is used in lightcoin's workload proof algorithm, which makes it easier to mine lightcoin on ordinary computer than bitcoin. Each Leyte coin is divided into 100000000 smaller units, and the third place is defined by eight decimal places: Ecuadorian currency. In December 2014, Ecuador launched the "electronic currency system"
Ecuadorian currency, or EDC, which is a digital currency issued by the Central Bank of the government of Ecuador. In December 2014, the Ecuadorian market was launched, In 2015, the number of Ecuadorian currency members reached 500000, which will be recognized and sought after by investors after launching the European market and Asian market in 2015, and achieve a complete success. It will strongly launch the Chinese market at the end of September 2016, and will issue a limited number of 50 million pieces in China, which has a strong scarcity! This is an international hot topic with a wide range of admirers in the world. Historical currency is a kind of P2P digital code. Ecuadorian currency is not issued by a specific monetary institution. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. Ecuadorian currency economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions
decentralized encrypted digital currency has no issuing institution, and it does not belong to any indivial, institution, bank or country, so it cannot be shut down. Ecuadorian coin mining machine is mining 24 hours a day, and the extracted Ecuadorian coin can be traded through the trading platform to obtain profits. Ecuadorian coin mining refers to the scrypt algorithm, The process of collecting and sorting the transaction information that has not been recognized by Ecuadorian currency in the past period of time, broadcasting to all nodes in the whole network, and finally being recognized by all nodes and getting Ecuadorian currency. Mining is the only way to issue new currency, which plays an important role in issuing new currency, maintaining Ecuadorian payment function and ensuring system security
Like bitcoin, XRP is a digital currency based on Mathematics and cryptography. However, unlike bitcoin, XRP has no real purpose. XRP has the main function of bridging currency and ensuring security in ripple system, among which the function of ensuring security is indispensable, This requires that all gateways participating in this protocol must hold a small amount of XRPin theory, gateways don't need to buy many xrps, and their prices are very cheap. One XRP is only 0.4 cent (as of March 14, 2015, its price has risen to about 1 cent). Like bitcoin, the number of xrps can not be "over issued" (the total number is 100 billion), but since a small amount of xrps will be destroyed in each transaction, it means that the number of xrps will graally decrease. If ripple protocol can become the global mainstream payment protocol, the gateway's demand for XRP will be more extensive - the demand is strong but the quantity is decreasing, which will lead to the appreciation of XRP
< H2 > fifth place: bitstocksbitstocks adopt an architecture similar to bitcoin blockchain. In the bitcoin blockchain architecture, each transaction data must be written from the previous transaction data, and new outputs are generated almost at the same time to be used for future transaction data writing. Each stroke can only be used once under certain conditions. Each transaction output contains the balance information of bitcoin, proving that it can be used for future transactions. In order not to proce bitcoin out of nothing, the write value of the transaction must be greater than the output value
bitcoin uses a simple script language to evaluate the situation that the balance is insufficient when the transaction is output; However, most of the transaction output only needs the holder's encrypted signature
< H2 > sixth place: dogcoindogcoin, some people call it "dogcoin", was born on December 8, 2013, based on the scrypt algorithm, is the second largest virtual currency in the world after bitcoin in the number of users [1]. Digital currency is a global currency initiated by non-governmental organizations. It does not belong to a certain country, but belongs to the whole mankind. It has the advantages of fast global transfer. For example, it can remit money from China to the United States in a few seconds, with low cost, and the total amount will not be increased at will like legal money, so the total amount is relatively stable
after the launch of dogcoin system, e to the help of reddit (the doge content on this website overflows horribly), the traffic shows an explosive development. However, in two weeks, dogcoin has launched a special blog and forum, with a market value of 100 million as of June 9, 2015. Because there is no pre dig, dog coin distribution is fair, charity, reward culture is popular, and user development is amazing and rapid. On June 9, 2015, the number of Dog Coin client addresses was 1.6 million, more than five times that of Wright coin; The number of active client addresses is 196000 in bitcoin, 83000 in dogcoin and 11000 in lightcoin; There are more than 150000 foreign Twitter users, 1.7 times of bitcoin and 6 times of lightcoin. Facebook likes are the same as bitcoin, far more than lightcoin [2]. The daily real transaction volume has been ranked in the top three of virtual currency for a long time, which is still not as good as the result obtained before the big platform [3]. The biggest value of the enterprise Internet era is the huge number of users. It took one year for the user base of dogcoin to reach one third of the number of bitcoin users, and the seventh place is lightcoin, which is four times the number of bitcoin users. A special solution is one of the infinite (in fact, bitcoin is finite) solutions that can be obtained from the equations. Every particular solution can solve the equation and is unique[ 8] In the metaphor of RMB, black money is the serial number of RMB. If you know the serial number of a note, you have the note. The process of mining is to constantly seek the special solution of the equation system through huge amount of calculation. The equation system is designed to have only 22 million special solutions, so the upper limit of bitcoin is 22 million[ 8]
to mine the dark coin, you can download the special dark coin calculation tool, register various cooperative mine pool websites, fill the registered user name and password (miner user) into the calculation program, and then click the operation to officially start. After completing the installation of the darkcoin client, you can directly obtain a darkcoin address. When others pay, you only need to post the address to others, and you can pay through the same client. After installing the Black Coin client, it will distribute a private key and a public key. You need to back up your wallet data containing your private key to ensure that your property is not lost. Unfortunately, if the hard disk is completely formatted, the personal dark coin will be completely lost
among them, the leading ones of domestic virtual currency are Yuanbao coin, Ruitai coin and bitcoin. These are sentimental currencies.
after World War II, the US dollar was forced to be linked to gold, and other currencies were also linked to the US dollar (in fact, they were all linked to gold), which formed the Bretton Woods monetary system, that is, the global monetary system with the US dollar as the main body
after the 1970s, the Bretton Woods monetary system collapsed, and the floating exchange rate replaced the fixed exchange rate system. At the beginning, the exchange rate of a country's currency changed on the price of the Bretton Woods monetary system according to the demand of international trade. Later, people thought that this was not in line with the needs of national or regional economic development, so purchasing power parity was used to determine the exchange rate of currency. Of course, the theory of purchasing power parity can only theoretically explain the exchange rate of currency, and the market exchange rate is another thing. Therefore, after the mid-1980s, the theory of purchasing power parity was replaced by the neoclassical trade theory (trade The interest rate difference and the comprehensive evaluation of the central bank's bill volume
all the above are theoretical pricing of exchange rate
in the mid-1970s, the financial market transaction theory was rapidly established, which included the redefinition and practical verification of the efficient market theory (market Inclusive Theory), the establishment and practical verification of the option pricing theoretical model, and the management theory of modern banking and global finance. At this time, the market exchange rate was determined, It often depends on two aspects:
1. The currency issuing authority's mandatory exchange rate pricing of currency and the allowed fluctuation range in this pricing, such as RMB, new Taiwan dollar, Hong Kong dollar, Malaysian ringgit, Argentine Peso, etc. Although these currencies are not negotiable, they still need to be convertible under the terms of trade; As for fully convertible currencies, such as yen, euro, pound sterling, etc., although their issuing authorities do not force the exchange rate and the fluctuation range of the exchange rate, they all have a bottom line. If the exchange rate of the currency exceeds the bottom line, the issuing authority or the closest trading partner government will intervene, The most obvious thing is the Japanese yen. When the yen is close to 100, the Japanese government will intervene. When the yen is over 130, other Asian countries will be unhappy and go to negotiate with the Japanese government, or even quietly buy a lot of yen by themselves.
2 Banks decide their exchange rate quotation according to the foreign exchange assets they hold and the market risk, interest rate risk, policy risk and other factors they are responsible for. This is because financial institutions need to ensure the safety and liquidity of their funds. As for profitability, they only consider making profits after ensuring the safety and liquidity, while small institutions, small banks and small banks need to ensure the safety and liquidity of their funds The banks decide their exchange rate quotation according to the price when they make an even offer to the big banks while avoiding risks. I also have a more detailed answer to this point. You can go and have a look at the address http://iask.news.sina.com.cn/b/3700980.html
I'll post it for you here.
the quotation of a bank is based on its own foreign exchange liabilities (that is, everyone's deposits) and the risk control standard of foreign exchange assets. In order to prevent run or other risks, the foreign currency reserves of banks must be diversified, which brings great market risks to the operation of banks. Therefore, general banks have a risk control limit for each foreign currency they hold, such as 100 million US dollars (risk control limit) ± 10%), 80 million euro (risk control limit) ± 5%), 100 million Swiss francs (risk control limit) ± 15%)... When the holding amount of a certain currency is higher or less than the allowable range of risk control, the bank must make an even offer, so that the holding amount of the currency is within the limit of controllable risk. At this time, the bank will make its own quotation for the currency according to the market price at that time, the market price it wants and the quantity it needs, This quotation may be similar to that of other banks, or far from that of other banks
when the exchange rate of a certain currency is very favorable for the bank, the bank will consider trading the currency at this price. However, e to many problems such as quantity, term and so on, most of the time, the quotations we see in Reuters and blog are agreement price or intention price. Whether the transaction can be made at this price is still unknown
the price quoted by a bank to its customers is often the price that the bank can accept and is easy to open immediately, and the quantity is far less than the amount of risk control in this currency. Once the customer's transaction is too large, the trader will tell you another price
foreign exchange transactions are price based transactions, also known as agreement transactions. The external quotation of banks is also independent, and the quotation of banks for each customer is also independent. Most of the quotations we see are reflected in the quotation of multiple banks. For the independent indivial of transactions, banks can quote to this indivial indivially, Of course, banks can also quote for a specific group. If you use the quotation terminal of Reuters, you can see that each quotation is followed by a bank abbreviation, which indicates that the bank quoted (inquired) a quotation for the price of the currency to the market at the last moment. If someone responds, the person will contact the bank directly instead of Reuters. Sometimes, after a transaction with a bank, you can see that the bank you are trading with reports a price that is the same as your transaction price (or a difference of 1-2 points) on the terminal of Reuters in a very short time, which indicates that the bank may have to make an even offer because of a transaction with you, Of course, it may also be that when some other bank makes an even offer to the bank, the bank's position is not enough, and it needs to do another transaction with the same (or similar) transaction price as you just made to make up the position. Because the delivery period of block transactions is often 48 hours, there are many times when we can see the inquiry information between banks in the communication system of Reuters terminal. Sometimes their inquiry is very funny, and they often say, "can this price help me keep it for a day (or a few hours, a period of time) However, her competitors sometimes reply, "only 12 hours, please make a new inquiry later." when you go back to the past coldly, it always gives people the feeling of hot face and cold fart. Hehe, relatively speaking, the trading volume in the foreign exchange market is large, but every transaction is a black box operation. You don't know what the actual and acceptable price of your trading bank is, You don't know the actual and acceptable trading volume of your trading bank, so we can't count the trading volume through a reasonable mechanism. On the other hand, although the daily trading volume of the whole foreign exchange market is more than US $2 trillion, the vast majority of traders or bidders have the authorization limit of trading quota when they trade. Once their trading quota in this period is not enough, she will coldly tell you that "there is no price now", and when you make an inquiry to her in five minutes, She will be very enthusiastic to tell you how much the current price is, and sometimes tell you, if you trade XX dollars in the currency, you can also give you a discount of n points (Ya foreigner's efficiency is high, so fast to apply for authorization does not say, there are people looking for ya's flat)<
basically, there are several kinds of quotations at present:
inquiry: send inquiry price, etc. other banks respond, or send inquiry price to a certain characteristic target (other banks, brokers, customers) and wait for their response. This price will be reflected in the terminal of Reuters or blog, and also reflected in their communication system. This price is a one-way price. This kind of quotation often occurs when the authorized amount specified by the dealer or the amount of certain currency risk control is insufficient
quotation: quote your current bid price and wait for others' response. Generally, we see quotations on some margin trading platforms and bank websites because the bidder does not know whether you are buying or selling, This quotation will not change until the authorized limit of the dealer who quoted the price is full or the risk limit of the currency reaches a certain level
match price: generally, it occurs in the external quotation of a broker. The broker will match the two quotations with the most similar (but different) price and the most similar (possibly the same) time, and then make an external quotation, waiting for the response of both parties. Because there is a problem of quantity, generally, the brokers will ask for the quantity they want. If the brokers really want to facilitate the transaction between the two parties, they will use their own funds to make up the difference in quantity. This price will also be reflected in the terminal of Reuters or blog.