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Virtual monetary policy of the people's Bank of China

Publish: 2021-05-25 10:41:25
1.

On November 9, 2019, the central bank has not launched digital currency

in 2014, the Central Bank of China set up a special research team to conct in-depth research on the framework of digital currency issuance and business operation, key technologies of digital currency, issuance and circulation environment, and legal issues

in January 2017, the central bank officially established the digital currency Research Institute in Shenzhen

in September 2018, the Institute of digital currency built a trade finance blockchain platform

On July 8, 2019, at the launching ceremony of the digital finance open research program and the first academic seminar, Wang Xin, director of the Research Bureau of the people's Bank of China, disclosed that the State Council has officially approved the research and development of the central bank's digital currency, and the central bank is engaged in corresponding work in organizing market institutions

extended data:

benefits of digital currency

the digitalization of central bank's currency helps to optimize the central bank's monetary payment function, improve the central bank's monetary status and the effectiveness of monetary policy. The central bank's digital currency can become an interest bearing asset to meet the holder's reserve demand for safe assets, and can also become the lower limit of bank deposit interest rate. It can also become a new monetary policy tool

at the same time, the central bank can affect the bank deposit and loan interest rate by adjusting the digital currency interest rate of the central bank, and help to break the zero interest rate lower limit


2. In fact, the central bank has been studying digital currency for a long time. From the perspective of historical development trend, money has always evolved with the development of technological progress and economic activities. From the early physical money, commodity money to the later credit money, it is a natural choice to adapt to the development of human commercial society. As the currency of the previous generation, paper money has low technology content. From the perspective of safety and cost, it is the general trend to be replaced by new technology and new procts. In particular, with the development of the Internet and the great changes in payment methods all over the world, the establishment of digital currency issuance and circulation system is very necessary for the construction of financial infrastructure and the promotion of economic quality, efficiency and upgrading.
3. Annual professional examination questions of the Graate Department of the people's Bank of China
annual examination questions of Daokou (including 2004)
& lt; P> [ 1. Short answer questions (5 points for each question, 50 points in total)
1. Subjects of economic and legal relations
2. What is a contract and what are its legal characteristics
3. Concepts of assets, liabilities and shareholders' equity and their relationships
4. Calculation formula of consumer price index
5 What is price elasticity of demand? Request the demand elasticity of y = ax
6. What is value added tax? Does the tax belong to the central government or the local government< 7. Financial leasing
8. The principle of "national treatment" in GATT
9. The definition of derivative financial instruments
10. The time value of money
2. Brief questions (10 points for each sub question, 50 points in total)
1. Explain the relationship between several accounts in SNA
2, Assuming that the legal deposit reserve ratio is 10%,
in the case of full derivation and without considering cash leakage, the following questions are asked: (1) the maximum amount of derivative deposits that can be created by the whole banking system< (2) give the balance sheet of the whole banking system before the creation of derivative deposits (i.e. just accepting cash deposits) and after the creation of maximum payoff
money
3. Try to discuss how to establish a social security system in the process of state-owned enterprise reform
4. The role of the tertiary instry in the development of the national economy and the conditions for its rapid growth
5 At present, it is the main way to narrow the income distribution gap between the East and the West
97 test questions
1. Short answer questions (5 points for each question, 50 points in total)
1. The speed of fixed base development and the speed of month on month development
2. The difference between legal person and legal representative
3. Nominal interest rate and real interest rate
4. The difference between financial credit and bank credit
5. The function of currency
6. Article 8 of the IMF Agreement
7. The effective conditions of economic contract
8 Engel coefficient< According to the law of the people's Bank of China, what is the goal of monetary policy Prepare the balance sheet of commercial banks based on the following information: (unit: million yuan)
capital 25
cash on hand 5
various deposits 230
various payments 170
other liabilities 10
central bank deposits 30
Treasury bills 40
depositors 20
2. Brief questions (10 points for each sub question, 50 points in total)
1. What is dynamic series? What are the principles of compiling dynamic sequence
2. Try to explain the limitations of fiscal policy
3. Try to explain the necessity of the transfer of rural surplus labor force by using the law of diminishing marginal income
4. Why does real estate become a new economic growth point in China
5. Try to analyze the main problems faced by the reform of state-owned enterprises in China< 1. Short answer questions (5 points for each question; 2; (50 points in total)
1. Moving average method and its advantages and disadvantages
2. Financial repression
3. Several forms of economic security
4. Monopolistic competition
5. The meaning of property ownership in economic law
6. The purpose of IS-LM analysis
7. Stock cooperation system
8. Contractual investment fund
9. "Dirty" floating exchange rate
10 Index futures
2; 1. The principle of comparative advantage in international trade theory
2. Why share-holding system is an important form of establishing modern socialist enterprise system
3. Briefly describe the relationship between life insurance rate and bank interest rate
4. Why does a country's unstable economic foundation lead to currency devaluation in an open economy
5, The financial status items are as follows:
current assets are 9.6 million yuan
of which
accounts receivable is 380 yuan
inventory is 5.6 million yuan
non current assets are 13.4 million yuan
current liabilities are 9.5 million yuan
long term liabilities are 10 million yuan
capital is 3.5 million yuan
operating revenue is 30 million yuan
operating expenditure is 28 million yuan
profit is 2 million yuan
calculation (1) asset liability ratio 2) Current ratio 3) Return on capital 4) Return on capital 5) Should be
received
account turnover rate 6) Operating income and profit margin 7) Profit margin of operating expenses
comprehensive examination questions of the Graate Department of the people's Bank of China in 1999
1. Short answer questions (5 points for each question, 45 points in total):
1. Definition of probability
2. Insurance agents and insurance brokers
3. Liquidity trap
4. Business cycle
5. Knowledge economy
6. Main terms of economic contract
7 What is "progressive income tax"
8, money stock and money flow
9, what is "euro"< 1. According to the economic contract law, which economic contracts are invalid< According to the general theory of economics, assuming other conditions remain unchanged, this paper tries to analyze the impact of interest rate decline on a country's domestic proction
(2) under the condition of open economy, the impact on a country's capital flow
3. Try to analyze the significance of the second round of land contract to China's social and economic development.
4 The relevant financial data of a company on December 31, 1997 are as follows:
sales revenue of 3 million yuan
cost of sales: 1.2 million yuan
cash of 500000 yuan
short-term investment of 1 million yuan
long-term investment of 600000 yuan
accounts payable of 1.3 million yuan
accounts receivable of 1.2 million yuan
interest payable of 800000 yuan
short-term loan of 1.7 million yuan
inventory of 1.5 million yuan
its His short-term debt is 1.2 million yuan
his long-term loan is 0.9 million yuan
his fixed assets (net value) is 2.3 million yuan
his selling and management expenses are 0.5 million yuan
his interest expenses are 0.8 million yuan
his shareholders' equity is 1.2 million yuan
according to the above information
(1) prepare the company's balance sheet and profit loss statement
(2) calculate (1) current ratio, (2) asset liability ratio 3) Sales profit 4) Quick ratio< In 1998, China's Finance issued a large number of treasury bonds to commercial banks to support economic construction. Try to analyze the effect of the policy in economic and financial aspects
2000 questions
1. Short answer questions (5 points for each question, 50 points in total):
1. Special drawing rights
2. Natural unemployment rate
3. Generalized system of preferences
4. Mutual fund
5. Tax characteristics
6. Complete market competition
7. Offer and invitation to offer
8. Insurance value and insurance amount
9. Second board market
10 GDP deflator and consumer price index (CPI)
2. Brief questions (10 points for each question, 50 points in total):
1. What are the factors that affect demand elasticity
2. Under what circumstances can contract parties terminate the contract
3. What are the indicators to measure the appropriate level of debt? A brief review of the current scale of China's national debt
4. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of "debt to equity swap" from the perspective of commercial banks
5. An enterprise purchases a communication equipment without installation with a bank deposit of 300000 yuan, and the depreciation life of the equipment is 20 years
,
net resial value is 4%, and the estimated cleaning cost is 0. Try to use the service life method to calculate the monthly depreciation amount and the monthly depreciation rate of the equipment, and make
accounting entries for the depreciation at the time of purchase and in the current month< 1. Short answer question (5 points for each question, 50 points in total):
1. Utility
2. Partial equilibrium and general equilibrium
3. Purchasing power parity
4. Substitution and complementarity
5. Economic function of Finance
6. Reinsurance
7. Which sub markets constitute the international financial market
8. Concept and main terms of loan contract
9 What is the storage means of money
10, what is the commercial bill
2. Brief questions (10 points for each question, 50 points in total):
1. Explain the flow index and stock index of economic activities, and give the mathematical relationship between them< 3. Try to explain the investment multiplier and what are the preconditions for exerting the investment multiplier. 4. Briefly analyze the significance of establishing and improving the personal credit system for China's economic development< Some people think that "the western development needs the strong support of bank funds". What's your comment on this view
2002 comprehensive
1. Brief answer (45 points)
1. Market failure
2. Information asymmetry
3. Technology substitution rate
4. Instrial investment fund and securities investment fund
5 What is the fat tail in statistical distribution< Please list the main items of assets and liabilities of China's commercial banks, and explain the relationship between assets and liabilities
7. According to the law of the people's Bank of China, what are the regulations on the management of RMB< What is indirect tax? Please list four types of indirect tax in China< 9. Dynamic analysis, static analysis and comparative static analysis
2. Brief introction (40 points)
1. What principles should commercial banks follow in operation and management according to China's commercial bank law< How to view the P / E ratio of China's stock market
3. Define and graph consumer surplus and procer surplus, and use this principle to explain the economic significance of tariff rection in China
4. What are the financial risks in China< Third, discussion (15 points)
How do you think state-owned shares should be reced in order to maintain the long-term stable development of the capital market& lt;/ P> < br />< P> < 1. Short answer questions (5 points for each sub question, 40 points in total)
1. What kind of financial transaction does option trading refer to
2. The financial times publishes the national interbank lending market rate (CHIBOR) every day; How is the published interest rate
calculated
3. What are the differences between closed-end funds and open-end funds
4. Which risk weights are generally used to calculate the risk assets of banks in banking supervision? What are the assets with zero risk
weight stipulated by the people's Bank of China
5. What is bill discount? How to calculate discounted cash
6. Try to list several financial derivatives and primary procts< 7. The basic content and essence of Hong Kong's linked exchange rate system
8. What is the base currency? What does it include< 1. The function of investment bank and its role in the capital market< 2. The objectives and principles of the financial supervision of the central bank
3. Try to describe the purpose of "moderately tight" monetary policy in China, and analyze the relationship between it and the goal of monetary policy in China
4. Try to explain the meaning and basic content of RMB convertibility under current account< Since May 1996, China has lowered its interest rate three times. This paper discusses the theoretical and policy significance of these three interest rate rections< br />2 The possible impact of the Asian financial crisis on China's economy& lt
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5.

It has been listed in 2018

on August 28, 2018, Hefa global ushered in an important moment in the company's development history. The news conference of Hefa global listing on Nasdaq was successfully held in Times Square, New York

at the press conference, the founder, chairman and CEO of Hefa global, Andy Yu, Mr. Jeff Raymond (President and CEO of jensyn acquisition Corp), Mr. Lee Roth and more than 60 elite partners from Hefa global witnessed the historic moment

extended materials

June every year is the key node of the first half of the year's performance sprint of the entity business. Hefa global will work with all partners to organize the country's largest, most complete channels, online and offline synchronous large-scale marketing activity "618 fans Festival". Through the innovative marketing mode of all-round grafting on the Internet, it provides new power for improving the business performance of entities

1000 entity businesses across the country jointly participated, and 100 regional agent teams went to the feast of entity business; Hefa global o2o platform integrates planning, overall packaging, unified publicity, unified publicity, co-ordinates activities, organizes implementation, and plans to invest 10 million in cash directly

it is estimated that the national sales will reach 100 million, reaching a new high of Hefa global business alliance; The marketing activities cover 30 + cities, 100 regional agent teams, 1000 + stores and more than 1000 brands, and are expected to cover 2.3-3 million people

6. It's suggested to go to Gome at Gucui intersection of Wensan road. The things are complete, cheap and of good quality. Our company's electrical appliances are bought there
PS, that building is also very handsome
7. Unknown_Error
8. Of course, it's Hangzhou
e-market
the bus stop is the cultural mall. The bus routes are: 10 / K10 up (
Pinghai road
- Zijingang Campus of Zhejiang University), 10 / K10 down (Zijingang Campus Pinghai road of Zhejiang University), k63 up (Keyuan Road south entrance of gun Road), k63 down (south entrance of gun Road south entrance of Keyuan Road)
network map
9. What is a Vicat
Vicat is a concept set by onecoin company. The company sets 2.1 billion Vicat, and the initial price of each Vicat is 0.5 euro. Vicat is 100% mined by members, not issued by the company. If it is issued by the company, it is not a real cryptocurrency. Like bitcoin, 21 million bitcoins were set by Nakamoto, with an initial price of $0.1 each, up to more than $1100. With the promotion and integration of multi-level marketing mode, more and more people participate in Vicat. The value of Vicat will rise rapidly, and the peripheral cryptocurrency players will come to speculate! Even if our members do not split profits, there is no multi-level reward, we will have physical objects. This kind of material object is Vicat. Like stocks, you can make money by buying at a low price and selling at a high price! Really evaded the malpractice of the multilevel project and finally can not digest the bubble. Effective access to the off site funds will make the profit margins of the members very huge.

the holder of Vicat
Vicat is a real cryptocurrency. The owner of Vicat is the owner, not the company. Vicat is 100% mined by netizens themselves! The company can't control the price of Vicat. The value of Vicat fluctuates irregularly depending on the market supply and demand and the number of holders

security of Vicat
the setting mechanism of Vicat is based on P2P network, and its operation, circulation and transaction are anonymous as untraceable protection. Theoretically speaking, users holding Vicat is like a piece of sand in the ocean, which is difficult to be the target of hacker theft. It is more secret than ordinary online banks relying on passwords and transaction passwords.
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