Virtual currency class report

1.

It is illegal to issue virtual currency privately

According to Article 29 of the regulations of the people's Republic of China on the administration of RMB, no unit or indivial is allowed to print or sell token tickets to replace RMB in circulation on the market

In addition, the "emergency notice of the State Council Office for rectifying unhealthy tendencies in the instry, the State Economic and Trade Commission and the people's Bank of China on prohibiting the issuance and use of various token certificates (cards)" also strictly prohibited similar issues

extended data

virtual currency refers to non real currency. Well known virtual currencies, such as online currency of Internet company, q-coin of Tencent company, q-point and voucher of Shanda company, micro currency launched by Sina (used for micro games, Sina reading, etc.), chivalrous Yuanbao (used for chivalrous road game), silver grain (used for bixue Qingtian game), and popular digital currencies in 2013 include bitcoin, Laite coin, infinite coin, quark coin, zeta coin, etc Barbecue coins, pennies (Internet), invisible gold bars, red coins, prime coins. At present, hundreds of digital currencies are issued all over the world. Popular in the circle & quot; The legend of "bitcoin, Wright silver, infinite copper, pennies aluminum"

market formation

the Internet has led to the emergence of a new market, which is a virtual market based on cyberspace. The Internet provides a lot of communication places for consumers, and also provides business market for enterprises. Enterprises must change from proct centered to service centered to customer centered. With the development of computer artificial intelligence technology and database technology, enterprises can conveniently collect customers' information, understand customers' needs in time, change business strategies and grasp economic arteries in real time

With the rapid development of computer and network communication technology, the application of Internet technology has graally penetrated into various fields of human activities, and the unlimited business opportunities that it contains make businesses turn their eyes to e-commerce. E-commerce is penetrating into all aspects of social and economic life at a speed that people can hardly imagine

the traditional finance is also closely watching this irresistible trend of global economic integration and networking. As a result, value-added services take art as the selling point and can be regarded as commodities; The sword in the game is not a brand-new financial services business philosophy - e-finance came into being

from the historical development process, to understand e-finance, we must start from the electronic finance and e-commerce. The so-called e-financialization means that financial enterprises adopt modern communication, computer, network and other information technology means in addition to Internet technology to improve the work efficiency of traditional financial service business, rece operating costs, realize the automation of financial business processing, informatization of financial enterprise management and scientific decision-making, and provide customers with faster and more convenient services, And then enhance the financial enterprise is the behavior of market competitive advantage

e-finance is a transcendence of financial electronization. Different from the electronic finance, the main technical basis of e-finance operation is the increasingly perfect Internet technology. Due to the characteristics of global connectivity, openness, quickness and low marginal cost of Internet technology, e-finance strengthens the restructuring and innovation of financial services business based on Internet technology, so that customers are free from the restrictions of business hours and places, and enjoy all kinds of high-quality and low-cost services provided by financial enterprises anytime and anywhere

with the development of Internet, the form of money is becoming more virtual, and there is an electronic money that only exists in the form of electronic signal

reference source: Network: virtual currency

2. Here's bitcoin
bitcoin price has been cut by the waist
how to implement blockchain application is still the main problem. In addition to bitcoin, the large-scale application of blockchain in other scenarios has not yet reached the commercial stage. Looking back to the second half of 2017, the price of bitcoin almost reached a new high every day, and finally reached the peak in the South Korean exchange with the highest premium in the world - about 140000 yuan per piece. On June 3, 2018, as of press time, coinbase bitcoin trading platform quoted 49688 yuan, and the price of bitcoin has been cut. Since the beginning of this year, the price of bitcoin has rarely seen eye popping ups and downs, and the overall trend of monthly decline
bitcoin development status
according to the data of the in-depth analysis report on business model innovation and investment opportunities of the blockchain instry released by the foresight Instry Research Institute, bitcoin prices showed a downward trend in May, with the overall market value falling from US $157.3 billion at the beginning of the month to US $127.4 billion at the end of the month, a decrease of 19%; In addition, there are 444000 active addresses and 197000 transfers per day. From the trend point of view, the number of active addresses and daily transfers are positively correlated with the transaction price. In May, the overall trend is volatile, and the downward trend is very obvious
reasons for the steady decline of bitcoin in the past half year
how to understand the "steady decline" of bitcoin in the past half year? There are two main reasons: firstly, the most important reason is that institutional investors and speculators who have accumulated a large number of "profit" are cashing in their profits and leaving the market; Secondly, before the blockchain instry has no real application and profit model, the rise of bitcoin price can only be regarded as speculative speculation. In addition, it is an undeniable fact that the Central Bank of China has made a decisive move to close the bitcoin trading platform, which has achieved remarkable results in preventing bitcoin speculation
at present, the domestic bitcoin exchanges have basically moved to foreign countries, which has nothing to do with China. Investors operate on those platforms at their own risk
the current market is not very good. Only when the market is good, can investors find ways to participate in bitcoin investment. As the total market value of the coin circle is still small, with more blockchain applications, there is still potential in the future
over consumed blockchain
e to the "tepid" price of bitcoin, blockchain, as its underlying technology, has reached the level of "known to all women and children", and even surpassed bitcoin in recent years
recently, a series of related reports are suspected of making up for the number and full of hype, and blockchain has obviously been over consumed. In addition to bitcoin, the large-scale application of blockchain in other scenarios has not yet reached the commercial stage
with the graal deepening of the understanding of blockchain technology, domestic enterprises have laid out blockchain technology, platforms and applications, including Internet enterprises such as network, Tencent, Ali, Jingdong, Netease, major banks, financial enterprises such as Ping An of China and Huawei. In terms of application, China actively explores and promotes blockchain + applications in the form of alliance chain and private chain to help solve the pain points of related instries, improve efficiency and rece costs.

3. This question can be used as a topic to write a complete report. As far as the simple question of network knowledge is concerned, it can be divided into two aspects. The first aspect is the exchange of RMB into virtual currency. Subjective judgment is that it can. If there is no impact, Tencent will not be so easy to make huge profits. If we analyze GDP, it will not pose a threat to the real economy in a short time. The second aspect is the exchange of virtual currency into RMB, which is an extremely serious issue. Then from the micro perspective, in the future, the virtual economy will develop faster, and the network will not only be a platform for the promotion of the real economy, but also become a perfect self-protection economy. In other words, the threat and impact will be great, which can not be avoided. Macroscopically, it is a microcosm of society. The long economic reform will pave the way for future economic collision.

4. Learning experience of attending the counselor training class of Ministry of ecation

Wang

garrison

2009
year
4
month
19
day -
4
month
30
day, I had the honor to participate in the second post training class of College Counselors in Jilin Province,
sincerely thank the school for creating conditions for me,
provides me with the opportunity to learn from senior leaders and experts in this field, and creates a platform for me and other college counselors to communicate with each other<

this training course is the only one with the highest level of experts, the longest learning time, the most complete learning
content and the most activities I have participated in since I came to China.
it has benefited me a lot< The experts of the training course are Xu Yanguo, director of the ideological and Political Work Department of the Ministry of ecation,
Weng, Deputy Secretary General of Shanghai municipal government,
tie Hui,
professor of China Youth College of political science,
doctoral supervisor,
Lu Shizhen, President of the Youth Development Research Institute of China Youth College of political science,
director of China Mental Health Association, and
fan Fumin, chairman of College Students' psychological counseling professional committee,
Qing Dynasty,
professor and doctoral supervisor of China University,
Bing Zheng, professor and doctoral supervisor of Jilin Academy of Social Sciences,
Secretary General of China Ethics Society,
director of ethics and morality research center of Renmin University of China,
professor of Renmin University of China,
Wu Qiantao, professor and doctoral supervisor of Jilin University Gao Wenxin, doctoral supervisor and assistant to the president, Zhang Yanyan, deputy secretary of the Party committee of Peking University, and other senior leaders and ecation experts on the ideological and political ecation front< The contents of the study include the leaders of the general headquarters of Ideological and political work of our students explaining to us the role orientation of today's counselors, the national policy for counselors, the growth and outlet of today's counselors, etc; There are senior experts from the ecational front of colleges and universities to teach us the characteristics of contemporary youth and the methods of mental health ecation< There are some current
famous leaders of student affairs in Colleges and universities who teach us the ideological and political work in typical colleges and universities
there is an introction about the student work of the key universities of the Ministry of ecation
there is an outstanding representative of counselors working in the front line like us, the national excellent assistant director Li Qin
the training course enables us to receive all-round training in all aspects< During the training period,
we also participated in two forums and two visits to Northeast Normal University, which enhanced our communication and knowledge< Through the training, I have the following experiences, which are reported as follows:

first, I fully realized the importance of counselors' work, understood the relevant background and policies of the state in the ideological and political work in Colleges and universities, and was encouraged

Xu Yanguo, director of the ideological and Political Work Department of the Ministry of ecation, pointed out in the training, The team of counselors is the personal guard of the party and the state, and the task of counselors is to train qualified socialist builders and reliable successors<
"it's easy to get a good teacher,
it's hard to get a good teacher"
,
this sentence puts the role of counselors in the work of ecating people in a lofty position,
as a counselor, we should not only teach students to survive,
but also teach students to be human beings,
it's extremely noble to be a tutor and good teacher< As a teacher who has direct contact with students' study and life,
counselors' speech and behavior not only affect the formation of students' Outlook on life,
world outlook,
values,
but also affect the growth of students< Therefore,
college counselors must fully understand their responsibilities,
further enhance their sense of honor,
sense of responsibility and historical mission,
take on the sacred mission of cultivating excellent talents for the party and the country,
promoting the prosperity and development of the motherland< At the same time, director Xu pointed out that in order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Further Strengthening and improving the ideological and political ecation of college students and effectively strengthen the construction of college counselors,
the Ministry of ecation formulated the
regulations on the construction of college counselors on May 20, 2006, which put forward the orientation of college counselors. College counselors are both teachers and administrators, organizers, implementers and instructors of students' daily ideological and political ecation,
they are intimate friends and life mentors for the healthy growth of college students< According to the regulations, counselors should account for a certain proportion in the evaluation and employment of university teachers, the evaluation criteria should be independent, the evaluation criteria should be in line with the actual work of counselors, and the achievement identification should be flexible< Director Xu pointed out that in the future, the Ministry of ecation should organize regular training for counselors in combination with the improvement of their comprehensive quality, and organize the selection of national excellent counselors, so as to create a good platform and environment for the growth of counselors< In combination with the Ministry of ecation '
24
orders, director Xu showed us the importance, background and future development of counselors' work.
the Ministry of ecation's training for college counselors and the training for college counselors in the whole province organized by the research base fully illustrated the importance that the state and higher ecation departments attach to the work of counselors and students,
feel much more drum
dance, more energetic< Second, we should fully realize that we should improve our ability and quality to adapt to the student work in the new period. How to meet these new expectations and requirements and solve the problems existing in the current
student work is a problem that must be faced up to and urgently needed to be solved in order to do a good job of College Counselors in the new period< Through the explanation and teaching of relevant leaders and experts in the training process,
I deeply realize that the counselors in the new period are not the former nanny counselors,
fire brigade counselors and management counselors<
contemporary counselors should understand the importance of their work,
deeply understand and master the knowledge of mental health,
be familiar with the characteristics of the working group,
implement the party's major policies into the student work,
be an expert counselor,
only in this way can
have the ecational effect on students. After listening to the reports of experts, I deeply realize that
I have many shortcomings in student work
these deficiencies include,
insufficient cognition of students,
insufficient level and structure of self-knowledge,
insufficient ability to solve students' psychological problems,
insufficient ability to keep pace with the times and do a good job in students' work,
insufficient theoretical literacy. In the future work, we must face up to these shortcomings,
be determined, planned and step-by-step to supplement and improve, make up for the deficiencies, improve their ability and quality,
strive to be a qualified college counselor,
adapt to the needs of the post,
meet the new requirements and expectations of the majority of students in the new period and new stage

three, fully aware of the advanced nature of the instructor's model, and realize that there is a big gap between

training course. We invite the national excellent counsellor and the national excellent student Huang Lai daughter's counsellor
ring the training, experts have repeatedly mentioned the last national excellent counselors
Fudan University "forgive me", and I was deeply impressed by the touching deeds of the two excellent counselors<

1
, to be a conscientious person

"words of inclusion" is the epitome of the work of an ordinary college counselor, her behavior is very ordinary,
very ordinary,
it can be said that as long as a counselor who has been with students for four years, she will experience the trivial work of inclusion,
as long as she has a little sympathy and a little sense of responsibility
responsible teachers will sincerely pay for the students,
every senior
school counselor has a certain writing ability at the same time,
but why is there only one
inclusive heart language

only one inclusion? It shows that we are not living with our heart,
working with our heart
of course,
we can say that there are too many
trivial tasks that make us have no time,
especially when there are large-scale activities or important periods,
we don't even have time to sleep,
but we can't do it every day, every week, every month,
including diary,
I believe she doesn't have so much time to write diary,
what she wrote was weekly notes
this shows that inclusion is a person who has a heart of
and a heart of
life, he will certainly have a heart of work,
in order to serve the students well in his work,
lead the way<

2
, be a person without regret and selfless dedication

Li Qin put forward his theory of paratroopers in his report: if a person asks a paratrooper, you may be surrounded and arrested by the enemy as soon as you fly,
aren't you afraid? The paratrooper replied:
we paratroopers were born surrounded

- we want to be people who have no regrets,
we want to be people who give selflessly
I think it's very vivid and appropriate for counselors to
talk,
we should agree< The story of Li Qin and his classmates helping Huang Lainu and his father selflessly in his report has infected everyone,
this kind of help has surpassed the level of teachers and students,
and even the level of relatives, which shows that he has fully understood and applied the theory of paratroopers to his work practice.

5. Two people try to think about the virtual currency and digital currency in the report, because it's all clear. Thank you for writing the summary

6. Human flesh search is a kind of network query mechanism that uses human participation to provide pure search engine information. In short, the so-called "human flesh search" is a network way to search other people's privacy information. Obviously, human flesh search inevitably involves personal privacy, and the disputes about human flesh search are also legal issues. What legal issues does human flesh search touch? How can legal science diagnose human flesh search? From the definition and operation practice of human flesh search, the main motive of this engine technology is to mine other people's privacy information, which is also the main function of human flesh search. Therefore, human flesh search will first touch personal privacy. The right of privacy is one of the specific personality rights enjoyed by natural persons (citizens), which takes personal natural information and behavior information as the right object. The right to privacy is protected by law and shall not be infringed upon by others. The main forms of infringement of privacy are prying, leaking, spreading and abusing. Once the right of privacy is infringed, it constitutes a tort and should bear the corresponding tort liability. The activity mechanism of human flesh search is as follows: once the human flesh object is found, the Internet people can search its privacy information as widely as they can, and then provide search convenience for users. It can be seen that the privacy of those who are "human flesh" may be infringed
What's abominable is that human flesh search not only discloses other people's privacy, but also fabricates facts, insults, slanders, exaggerates and denounces human flesh objects. Such behavior can easily touch other people's right to reputation. The right of reputation is also one of the specific personality rights enjoyed by natural persons (citizens). It takes the rection of social evaluation as the judgment standard of infringement, and the main means leading to the rection of social evaluation are insult and slander. In the process of human flesh search, many netizens, out of indignation, describe the object of human flesh search poorly and speak rudely, and a large number of abusive and insulting words pervade the Internet. This will cause the adverse consequences of reputation damage to the parties. Whether the right of privacy is violated or the right of reputation is damaged, it will inevitably cause the loss of personality to the protagonist of "human flesh gate"

the harm of human flesh search is not limited to the direct infringement mentioned above. What's more serious is that with the help of human flesh search information, intrusive behaviors are implemented in reality, such as making harassing phone calls, posting newspapers with indecent words on the door, etc. Obviously, the harm of human flesh search has spread from cyberspace to the real world. Such a series of infringement followed, and finally staged China's "first case of human flesh search", the victims eventually sued the perpetrators and related websites in court, and finally won[ 1]

it is not difficult to see that human flesh search can almost be equated with tort. Many people even call for severe punishment of human flesh searchers, and even advocate banning human flesh search. It is true that legal science can diagnose specific cases of human flesh search, and can give legal technology analysis and value evaluation, but the emergence and development of human flesh search and its practice seem to prove that human flesh search is not only a legal problem. In the period of social transformation, especially the information explosion in the Internet age, people's curiosity about new things and the psychological depression accumulated by the fast-paced life are easy to break out instantaneously. Human flesh searchers would rather bear the pressure of legal risk and public opinion condemnation, but also play the Internet carnival that hurts the parties, and experience the stimulation brought by human flesh search game

despite the rapid development of human flesh search in China in recent years, foreign human flesh search has been growing healthily and soundly. It not only has considerable commercial profits, but also consciously abides by the legal rules, making human flesh search develop rationally along the road of legalization and commercialization, Its users naturally regard human flesh search as a normal and necessary human interactive help service. In contrast, in China, when people hear about human flesh search, they don't seem to regard it as a good thing at all. In most people's eyes, human flesh search may be a bad online game or a boring online farce. The reason why human flesh search is so biased is that the search engine is almost at the edge of the law

in fact, as a new thing, human flesh search should not be knocked down. We should dialectically analyze the advantages and disadvantages of human flesh search and comprehensively understand its impact on people and society. As a way to provide information, human flesh search undoubtedly provides convenience for Internet users in many aspects. With the development of society, it is a legitimate right for people to obtain and possess a certain amount of information, which is also an internal demand of people as a member of the social system. In the field of human rights and public interests, people not only have the right to know, but also have the right and obligation to exercise social supervision and public opinion supervision. When the infringement and even the criminal act or the events that affect the national interests and social interests occur, it is necessary to verify and condemn the parties. At this time, with the help of human flesh search, by absorbing the insiders to participate in the shortcut provided by information, the parties are often easy to be accurately "human flesh" out. The positive function of human flesh search is not only reflected in the supervision of the perpetrators of the search, such as looking for relatives and good people to find stakeholders in the action, human flesh search can also perform extraordinary, with the help of public power, effectively screen information resources, show the search results that people need. In addition, from the development practice of human flesh search, its function has not only been limited to the search of people, but also penetrated into the search field of other information, gathering netizens' enthusiasm and displaying its search skills

if we say that as a network search method or technology, human flesh search shows its value because of its positive functions, then people's use of human flesh search may make its own functions deviate from the track and slide into the negative field which is easy to cause condemnation and resentment. Judging from the cases of human flesh search that have happened in reality, the reason why human flesh search has encountered a lot of criticism is not that human flesh search itself has inherent infringement toxin, but that the operators of this game ignore the legitimate rights and interests of human flesh search objects, and consider the value of the event itself and the legitimacy of the rights and interests of search objects, It seems that netizens have shifted the balance of interests to the degree of condemnation of the event itself, and without thinking, they think that the value of condemning and exposing human flesh search objects is far more important than the protection of their legitimate rights and interests. At this time, the moral trial goes beyond the legal bottom line. When more and more people regard themselves as moral judges, the rights and obligations endowed by law are completely ignored. As a result, once encounter human flesh search events, often instantly gathered a large number of people, in full swing to expose the abominable face of human flesh search

at this moment, the search objects who have been collectively investigated and tried are undoubtedly suffering from privacy disclosure and rights erosion. The culprit of this result is not human flesh search, but all kinds of tort mentioned at the beginning of this article. In other words, it is not the human flesh search itself that leads to infringement, but the human flesh searcher's behavior angers the victim. To be fair, human flesh searchers are not born with infringement motivation. In many cases, human flesh searchers may not do it intentionally, but connive at the madness of human flesh searchers because of the lack of guidelines for their behavior. This is exactly the case in reality. The laws and regulations directly related to human flesh search are in a blank state. In case of infringement cases caused by human flesh search, we have to apply the general norms of tort liability. It can be said that human flesh search is drifting away from the edge of the law

is the "human flesh search", which is on the edge of the law, a ban or a legislative gap[ 2] According to the previous interpretation of the positive function of human flesh search, combined with the healthy operation practice of foreign human flesh search, starting from the development space and actual needs of human flesh search in China, rather than stifling this new thing by banning human flesh search, it is better to reasonably regulate the behavior of human flesh search through scientific legislation. This is almost a consensus[ 3] Moreover, from the perspective of the current legal norms, it is not lack of legal basis to identify the composition of tort. From the perspective of the general adjustment function of law, China's current law is not powerless in regulating the tort of human flesh search. The first case of human flesh search, which has made a judgment and has been partially implemented, also invokes the current tort legal norms. However, human flesh search as a type of network infringement, because of its own particularity, can not but urge legislators to pay special attention to its responsibility distribution

in this regard, an effective way should be to reasonably define the liability space of human flesh search infringement. In terms of the liability involved in human flesh search infringement, both the website and the specific behavior of human flesh search are likely to be responsible. However, the key to determine the subject of responsibility lies in the elements of responsibility. Therefore, it is very important to design the review system and imputation principle. According to the existing tort laws and regulations, the responsibility of the specific operators of human flesh search can be adjusted. There is no doubt that the organizers, privacy information providers and other forms of infringers who are in line with the composition of tort liability will be subject to tort liability. What kind of attitude should be adopted to determine the responsibility of the website? In view of the consideration of the overall development of the Internet and the positive function of human flesh search, it is more appropriate to impose the ty of ex post review on the websites involved in human flesh search. The so-called "post review" is mainly after the plaintiff considers that his rights and interests are infringed by the human flesh search behavior of the website and issues a relief request to him, or there is sufficient evidence to show that the website can take measures to stop it[ 4] It can be seen that the rule of review after the event contains the principle of fault imputation, that is, only when the website is at fault can it become the subject of liability and bear joint and several tort liability[ 5]

of course, from the perspective of legal norms of human flesh search, legislation should not only be limited to tort liability, but also make reasonable norms on the scope of application, search content, rights and obligations of relevant parties, supervision and management of human flesh search. Incidentally, some members of the Standing Committee and deputies of the National People's Congress have suggested that the criminal law should be used to regulate human flesh search and the criminal responsibility of the perpetrators of human flesh search should be investigated. The author does not agree with this. In recent years, human flesh search has just started in China, which is still a new thing. To deal with this means of network search, we should not completely eliminate human flesh search by means of strict prohibition, and we should not let human flesh search expand infinitely. However, as a legislative act, the regulation and adjustment of human flesh search behavior should be carried out step by step. According to the specific operation practice of human flesh search behavior, the corresponding legislation should be introced timely, instead of taking a heavy attack from the beginning, regarding human flesh search as a criminal tool and demoting the human flesh search actor as a "criminal". China's criminal legislation declares the principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime

7. Many students are playing virtual currency. Now some big guys in the digital currency circle are trying to bring digital currency into the campus and the classroom. Bitcoin's campus activities in China and Han Feng's blockchain into campus activities are well-known in China. Virtual currency into the campus is very simple, as long as you can make money. Thousand gold card, Ruitai coin and Ruibo coin are also excellent digital currencies.

8. This kind of situation should be caused by "corpse poison"
organic organisms have "corpse poison" after death, which is the toxin proced by their rotten bodies. For example, "botulinum toxin" is a very famous kind of bacteria, which is both lethal and cosmetic

if the corpses of the victims are not disposed properly, it is easy to proce corruption and lead to the spread of infectious diseases. According to the experience of Tangshan earthquake relief in that year, we should pay attention to the following points in the disposal of the bodies of the victims:
1. The head of the corpse can be wrapped with packing material, the whole corpse can be wrapped with covering material, or the corpse can be put into a plastic bag to tie the mouth
2. Body binding. The wrapped corpse should be tied three times (head, waist and leg) to facilitate transportation and avoid smelling corpse and affecting the surrounding environment
3. Transportation of corpses. The body should be transported away as soon as possible to avoid staying too long. Before loading the corpse, a layer of sand or plastic cloth should be padded in the carriage to prevent contamination of the carriage
4. Identification. Before burying the corpse, the corpse should be photographed and recorded for identification by relatives in the future
5. Burial of corpses. In the absence of cremation conditions, it should be buried in a fixed place far away from the living area and water source as far as possible. After disinfection of the corpse and local soil, the corpse should be buried 1.5-2 meters deep underground, covered with lime and soil
6. Personnel protection. The bodies of the victims are prone to proce mercaptan, cadaverine and other harmful substances, so the staff dealing with the bodies should pay attention to safety. During the disposal of corpses in Tangshan earthquake, the staff wore active carbon gas mask, and paid attention to preventing hand trauma or inoculating immune serum, which effectively avoided the infection of corpses< In addition, if the corpse decays, lime water, plant ash and other odorous substances can be used to absorb the corpse in the process of digging, and calcium hypochlorite, calcium hydroxide and bleaching powder can be mixed to spray for deodorization and disinfection

apply glutinous rice to the wound, and then eat glutinous rice porridge three times a day, Three days to cure corpse poison

9. Analysis of the reasons for the appreciation of RMB and its advantages and disadvantages Abstract: in recent years, the exchange rate of RMB has been highly concerned at home and abroad. With the development of China's foreign trade and China's accession to the WTO, the international public opinion on the appreciation of RMB is particularly high. The trend of RMB appreciation is inevitable, which accelerates the process of RMB becoming the world currency. It has advantages and disadvantages, but the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Key words: exchange rate; RMB appreciation; Positive influence; First, the background of RMB appreciation. In the 1997 Asian financial crisis, China resisted the pressure to keep RMB from devaluing, which was praised by all countries in the world. In 2003, China was faced with the same huge or even more difficult international pressure for RMB appreciation. This time, the difference is that the Japanese finance ministers first put forward a document similar to the 1985 "Plaza Agreement" for yen at the meeting of finance ministers of the seven countries, demanding RMB appreciation. Later, US Treasury Secretary snow also said that the RMB should appreciate. Due to the decline of the US dollar, some countries in Europe and East Asia are worried about the competitive impact of China's exports, and also demand the appreciation of RMB. There has been a strong demand for RMB appreciation in the world. 2、 First of all, from the perspective of economics, the reasons for RMB appreciation may be mainly based on the following aspects: first, the RMB exchange rate has not been adjusted in the past 10 years since 1994, and China's economy and national strength have undergone profound changes in the past 10 years. Second, since the 1990s, some authoritative international institutions and trading partners have always believed that the RMB is undervalued to varying degrees. Third, in recent years, under the background of imbalanced balance of payments, excessive foreign exchange savings itself indicates that foreign currency pricing is too high. China's policy of "pegging to the US dollar" makes the local currency (RMB) undervalued, which puts great pressure on RMB appreciation. Fourth, since 2001, the currencies of the world's major currencies, including those of Southeast Asian countries, have appreciated significantly against the US dollar. Only the exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar has not been adjusted, that is, the RMB has actually depreciated significantly with the US dollar against other currencies. Secondly, from the perspective of international politics, RMB exchange rate is not only an economic issue, but also an international political issue. There are other reasons behind the frequent calls for RMB appreciation in some western countries. They simply linked the value of the RMB to the decline of their manufacturing instry and tried to force the RMB to appreciate. The reasons are as follows: first, the RMB exchange rate is too low. Some people suggest that the exchange rate of RMB should be restored to the historical level of about 4.2 yuan to the US dollar. Second, China's foreign exchange reserves are too high. Since China's accession to the WTO, there has been no surge in imports. On the contrary, the trade surplus has increased significantly. Third, China's massive export of cheap goods has caused world deflation. The fundamental purpose of the RMB exchange rate dispute is that the United States hopes to block the large-scale entry of Chinese goods into the United States through the appreciation of RMB. Thirdly, from the perspective of domestic economy, the reason for RMB appreciation comes from the internal power of China's economic system. Internal factors include balance of payments, foreign exchange reserves, price level and inflation, economic growth and interest rate. The appreciation of RMB is consistent with the state's concern of easing the current "overheated economy". Because under the fixed exchange rate, the pressure of appreciation will be transformed into inflation pressure, that is, the foreign exchange accounts for money supply will rise, which will bring inflation pressure. Expanding the floating range of RMB will ease the conversion from appreciation pressure to inflation pressure, that is, RMB appreciation will exert downward pressure on domestic prices. 3、 From the perspective of macro national economic structure, RMB appreciation will be concive to the adjustment and optimization of China's economic structure in the long run. The structure of China's import and export procts is seriously mismatched. The added value of textile, agricultural procts and mechanical and electrical procts, which are in the forefront of export procts, is low. The appreciation of RMB will rece the price competitive advantage of these instries. In the short run, textile, agricultural procts and other labor-intensive instries are concive to our country to play the advantage of low labor cost and solve the employment problem of a large number of labor force. But in the long run, the abnormal development of these instries is not concive to the improvement of China's comprehensive national strength and the optimization of China's economic structure. The appreciation of RMB can objectively promote China's long-term development of high value-added instries and optimize China's economic structure. When the currency appreciation, capital will look for high-tech and high value-added instries for investment, so that these instries have more funds for technological innovation and reform, and increase their international market competitiveness 2 Optimizing the export trade structure and expanding domestic demand will help China form a stable economic growth trend. In the world market, our procts are cheap and of good quality. Once the RMB exchange rate rises, it will hurt the competitiveness of China's labor-intensive export procts in the international market. But in the long run, RMB appreciation will encourage export enterprises to rely more on technological progress and increase added value. Some enterprises that only rely on low-cost competition, low technology content, high pollution and high energy consumption will be squeezed out of the market, so as to improve China's export structure and achieve sustainable development 3 In fact, the practice of Chinese enterprises occupying the international market with low price for a long time is the result of self bargaining competition. After the appreciation of RMB, if enterprises want to remain invincible in the international market, they must rece the price of purchasing means of proction or improve management methods to rece proction costs. Therefore, enterprises must start from their own management, improve proctivity and technology content, improve quality, in order to enhance competitiveness. At the same time, the reform of RMB exchange rate formation system requires export enterprises to continuously develop high-tech and high value-added procts, including foreign exchange forward trading, borrowing dollars in domestic financing and other financial means to avoid risks. This is helpful for enterprises to pay close attention to international trends at any time and guard against the risks brought by exchange rate in time, so as to lay a good foundation for enterprises to further enhance their international competitiveness 4 With the reform and adjustment of the RMB exchange rate system, China's export procts will inevitably be forced to increase in proction costs and international prices. Although RMB appreciation can not solve the huge trade gap between China and the United States, But it will also indirectly ease the trade friction with the United States, Japan and other major trading partners on low price anti-mping. 4、 The adverse effects of RMB appreciation: (1) it is not concive to the export and introction of foreign capital. For the goods that can be bought from China with the original 1 billion US dollars, after RMB appreciation, foreign importers will have to pay millions of US dollars or even more to buy the goods of the same quality and quantity. Foreign investors must weigh the gains and losses before investing 2 It may aggravate China's capital outflow, and the appreciation of RMB will make the investment that originally needed 1 billion US dollars to be completed overseas, which will be completed with millions or even tens of millions of US dollars less after appreciation, so it is bound to accelerate the capital outflow 3 At present, China's foreign exchange reserves have surpassed Japan and ranked first in the world. Sufficient foreign exchange reserve is an important symbol of China's increasing economic strength and the level of opening to the outside world. It is also a powerful guarantee for us to promote domestic economic development and participate in foreign economic activities. However, once RMB appreciation, China's huge foreign exchange reserves will face the possibility of shrinking. 5、 The appreciation of RMB is a double-edged sword, which has an important impact on China's import and export, foreign investment and foreign debt repayment. Our government should work out a reasonable implementation plan and response measures to actively and steadily promote the reform of RMB exchange rate.