Virtual currency Tsinghua University Mathematics Xiamen

1. Litecoin

litecoin (LTC), released on October 7, 2011, is the most valuable counterfeit coin at present, accounting for about 2% of BTC's market value. The current unit price is US $2.31, with a total currency value of US $38 million

this is also a distributed (decentralized) digital currency. Unlike the sha256 mining algorithm used by bitcoin, LTC adopts scrypt algorithm. Scrypt algorithm uses sha256 as its subroutine, and scrypt itself needs a lot of memory. Each hash is used as the seed of the input, and then it needs a lot of memory to store another pseudo-random sequence to generate the pseudo-random points of the sequence and output the hash value. In the mining of BTC (bitcoin), it is not enough to rely on simple graphics card mining (it takes about ten to dozens of days to dig a BTC with general configuration graphics card). The emergence of various expensive mining machines has raised the threshold for ordinary people to get BTC through mining, while LTC has certain advantages in using PC graphics card mining This passage comes from Zhihu.)

compared with BTC, litecain has made a little improvement in technology. If BTC is gold now, LTC is silver for the time being

the biggest advantage of litecoin is that it can confirm the authenticity faster. The virtual currency is designed and maintained by Charles Lee. Bitcoin transactions need to be verified, and the average verification time is more than 10 minutes. Most transaction websites need 1 hour to verify. The average transaction confirmation time of liteoin is 2.5 minutes. Developers claim that shortening the verification time increases the practicability of virtual currency. The bitcoin mining efficiency of customized machine and AMD GPU is the highest, making it almost unprofitable for miners using CPU mining. Litecain's mining excludes GPUs and custom processors, so it doesn't rely too much on a small number of professional miners

ppcoin

ppcoin (PPC) was released on August 19, 2012, which has improved the original technology of BTC. Use proof of make and add the concept of coin age

ppcoin is a bifurcated project of bitcoin, which aims to achieve energy efficiency and maintain the best performance of the original bitcoin as far as possible. The unit price of ppcoin is US $0.22 and the total currency value is US $4 million

ppcoin does not have a fixed upper limit of money supply, but it does not mean that ppcoin has obvious inflation compared with bitcoin. Bitcoin can be compared to gold. The annual inflation rate of gold is about 1-3%. Although gold has no known upper limit of money supply, we still know that it is a reliable scarce commodity

ppcoin has two types of casting: work certificate and equity certificate. The coinage rate of working proof is affected by Moore's law, which depends on the doubling of our working proof ability. What we all know is that Moore's law will eventually come to an end. By then, the ppcoin of inflation may be close to the gold level. The annual maximum inflation rate of certificate of equity is 1%. At the same time, ppcoin's transaction costs were destroyed to fight inflation. So on the whole, the coin design of ppcoin is still a very low inflation design in the future, which can be comparable with bitcoin<

ppcoin's reward is similar to lottery, which will determine the winning probability according to the number of ppcoin held by miners. Sunny king, one of the founders, said that their design is based on a new concept of long-term energy efficiency

terracoin

terracoin (TRC) was released on October 26, 2012, with a total currency of 42 million. The speed of each block is 2 minutes, slightly faster than LTC. There is not much special in technology, similar to the proction of BTC halved every four years

however, the operation team seems to have a strong business background and may be better than other bitcoins in circulation. The development of virtual currency is getting more and more attention. Now some teams with business background will accelerate the development of virtual currency

namecoin

namecoin is a distributed domain name system based on bitcoin technology. Its principle is the same as bitcoin. The first release date of this open source software is April 18, 2011

namecoin is generated from an original block which is different from bitcoin's main trading block. It uses a new blockchain, which is independent of bitcoin's blockchain. Because it is based on bitcoin, the security, distribution, robustness, encryption and migration of domain names are guaranteed mathematically. You can dig bitcoin and namecoin at the same time

this project was discussed and proposed by bitdns, which is mainly dissatisfied with the defects of DNS. The only top-level domain name of namecoin is. Bit. It costs namecoin to register a. Bit domain name.

2. In addition to bitcoin, there are many other virtual currencies in the virtual world< Liteoin (LTC) was released on October 7, 2011, and is currently the most valuable counterfeit currency, accounting for about 2% of BTC's market value. The current unit price is US $2.31, with a total currency value of US $38 million

this is also a distributed (decentralized) digital currency. Unlike the sha256 mining algorithm used by bitcoin, LTC adopts scrypt algorithm. Scrypt algorithm uses sha256 as its subroutine, and scrypt itself needs a lot of memory. Each hash is used as the seed of the input, and then it needs a lot of memory to store another pseudo-random sequence to generate the pseudo-random points of the sequence and output the hash value. In the mining of BTC (bitcoin), it is not enough to rely on simple graphics card mining (it takes about ten to dozens of days to dig a BTC with general configuration graphics card). The emergence of various expensive mining machines has raised the threshold for ordinary people to get BTC through mining, while LTC has certain advantages in using PC graphics card mining This passage comes from Zhihu.)

compared with BTC, litecain has made a little improvement in technology. If BTC is gold now, LTC is silver for the time being

the biggest advantage of litecoin is that it can confirm the authenticity faster. The virtual currency is designed and maintained by Charles Lee. Bitcoin transactions need to be verified, and the average verification time is more than 10 minutes. Most transaction websites need 1 hour to verify. The average transaction confirmation time of liteoin is 2.5 minutes. Developers claim that shortening the verification time increases the practicability of virtual currency. The bitcoin mining efficiency of customized machine and AMD GPU is the highest, making it almost unprofitable for miners using CPU mining. Litecain's mining excludes GPUs and custom processors, so it doesn't rely too much on a small number of professional miners

ppcoin

ppcoin (PPC) was released on August 19, 2012, which has improved the original technology of BTC. Use proof of make and add the concept of coin age

ppcoin is a bifurcated project of bitcoin, which aims to achieve energy efficiency and maintain the best performance of the original bitcoin as far as possible. The unit price of ppcoin is US $0.22 and the total currency value is US $4 million

ppcoin does not have a fixed upper limit of money supply, but it does not mean that ppcoin has obvious inflation compared with bitcoin. Bitcoin can be compared to gold. The annual inflation rate of gold is about 1-3%. Although gold has no known upper limit of money supply, we still know that it is a reliable scarce commodity

ppcoin has two types of casting: work certificate and equity certificate. The coinage rate of working proof is affected by Moore's law, which depends on the doubling of our working proof ability. What we all know is that Moore's law will eventually come to an end. By then, the ppcoin of inflation may be close to the gold level. The annual maximum inflation rate of certificate of equity is 1%. At the same time, ppcoin's transaction costs were destroyed to fight inflation. So on the whole, the coin design of ppcoin is still a very low inflation design in the future, which can be comparable with bitcoin<

ppcoin's reward is similar to lottery, which will determine the winning probability according to the number of ppcoin held by miners. Sunny king, one of the founders, said that their design is based on a new concept of long-term energy efficiency

terracoin

terracoin (TRC) was released on October 26, 2012, with a total currency of 42 million. The speed of each block is 2 minutes, slightly faster than LTC. There is not much special in technology, similar to the proction of BTC halved every four years

however, the operation team seems to have a strong business background and may be better than other bitcoins in circulation. The development of virtual currency is getting more and more attention. Now some teams with business background will accelerate the development of virtual currency

namecoin

namecoin is a distributed domain name system based on bitcoin technology. Its principle is the same as bitcoin. The first release date of this open source software is April 18, 2011

namecoin is generated from an original block which is different from bitcoin's main trading block. It uses a new blockchain, which is independent of bitcoin's blockchain. Because it is based on bitcoin, the security, distribution, robustness, encryption and migration of domain names are guaranteed mathematically. You can dig bitcoin and namecoin at the same time

this project was discussed and proposed by bitdns, which is mainly dissatisfied with the defects of DNS. The only top-level domain name of namecoin is. Bit. It costs namecoin to register a. Bit domain name

in addition, Q currency, Shanda currency, starting point currency and various online game currencies are also virtual currencies.

3. Bitcoin, Ethereum, chitcoin, dogcoin, eco and RCO can all mine. If you can mine with ordinary desktop and notebook computers, then eco and RCO are more powerful

4. This is the old badge of Tsinghua University. Tsinghua University, formerly known as Tsinghua School, was founded in 1911. It was a preparatory school for studying in the United States established by the "Boxer Indemnity" returned by the United States. It was renamed Tsinghua School in 1912. In 1925, the University Department was set up to recruit four-year college students. In 1928, it was renamed as "National Tsinghua University". The motto of Tsinghua University is "self-improvement, virtue and material". In the first half of the sentence, "heaven is healthy, gentleman is self-improvement". In the second half of the sentence, "terrain is Kun, gentleman is virtue and material". I hope I can help you
hope to adopt

5. Silver commemorative coin for the 100th anniversary of the founding of Tsinghua University.
commodity number: tv005984. Commodity brand: Commemorative Coin.. market price: ￥ 17550
China Tibet Alliance Network: ￥ 11700
registered user: ￥ 11700
silver commemorative coin for the 100th anniversary of the founding of Tsinghua University
issue: People's Bank of China
circulation: 20000 gold coins; 50000 silver coins
the people's Bank of China is scheled to issue a set of gold and silver commemorative coins for the 100th anniversary of Tsinghua University on July 29, 2011. There are 2 commemorative coins, including 1 gold coin and 1 silver coin, which are legal tender of the people's Republic of China< (1) front design
this set of gold and silver commemorative coins has the national emblem of the people's Republic of China on the front, with the name and year number of the country
(2) back pattern
the back of the 1 / 4-ounce gold commemorative coin is the logo of the 100th anniversary of the founding of Tsinghua University, with the Chinese characters of "the 100th anniversary of the founding of Tsinghua University" and the English characters of "Tsinghua University Central celebration" as well as the denomination
the back of the 1-ounce silver commemorative coin is in the architectural form of "the second school gate" of Tsinghua University, with the Chinese characters of "the 100th anniversary of Tsinghua University", the English characters of "Tsinghua University Central University" and the denomination of "1911-2011"
2. Specifications and circulation of commemorative coins
1 / 4 oz round gold commemorative coins are refined coins, containing 1 / 4 oz of pure gold, 22 mm in diameter, 100 yuan in denomination, 99.9% in fineness, with a maximum circulation of 20000 pieces
1 oz round silver commemorative coin is a refined coin, containing 1 oz of pure silver, 40 mm in diameter, 10 yuan in denomination, 99.9% in fineness, with a maximum circulation of 50000 pieces< This set of gold and silver commemorative coins is made by Shenzhen Guobao Mint Co., Ltd. and distributed by China Gold Coin Corporation.

6. two thousand one hundred and forty-one

7. After arriving at Tsinghua, in the first physical ecation class, the teacher told us that good physical ecation is the tradition of Tsinghua. We have to test the 3000 meter long-distance race every year, but we are not allowed to graate, and we are disqualified from pushing research. What should I do? Anyone who comes to Tsinghua doesn't want to get a diploma. Most of my classmates are as bad as me in sports. So every night at 10:30, our self-study classroom closed, Tsinghua playground more people. Run for half an hour and then go back to the dormitory to continue to study. After a semester of practice, I lost 40 Jin. In the final exam, I ran 3000 meters in 12 minutes and 56 seconds. The fattest person in our class also finished in 15 minutes. Think of my high school PE teacher complained: "I have tried my best, 1000 meters is failed." I think it's funny now. In Tsinghua's school motto, I think it has a great influence on me. When you feel that you have tried your best, you will break through your limit and wake up your potential. Tsinghua University (English Name: Tsinghua University), referred to as Tsinghua, was born in 1911, because it is located in the northwest suburb of Beijing. At first, it was called "Qinghua school", a preparatory school set up by the Qing government to study in the United States; The next year, it was renamed "Tsinghua School". The University Department was established in 1925; In 1928, it was renamed National Tsinghua University. After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese war in 1937, the University moved south to Changsha and established "national Changsha temporary University" with Peking University and Nankai University; In 1938, he moved to Kunming and changed his name to "National Southwest United University"; In 1946, he moved back to the original site of Qinghua garden in Beijing. Tsinghua University, directly under the Ministry of ecation of the people's Republic of China, ranks among the "211 Project" and "985 Project", and is selected into the "Everest plan", "2011 plan", "111 plan", "ecation and training plan for outstanding engineers", "ecation and training plan for outstanding legal talents" and "ecation and training plan for outstanding doctors". It is a member of the C9 alliance, the association of East Asian research universities, the Member of the alliance of universities around the Pacific and Tsinghua Cambridge Massachusetts Institute of technology low carbon energy University Alliance, under the central management sub ministerial system. Tsinghua University is one of the most famous institutions of higher learning in China and even in Asia. Two presidents of the people's Republic of China, seven members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, 14 winners of the two bombs and one satellite, and more than 600 academicians came out of Tsinghua University. A large number of academic giants such as Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao, Chen Yinke, and Zhao Yuanren once taught here. Tsinghua University campus is located between the North Fourth Ring Road and the North Fifth Ring Road in Haidian District, Beijing. It is adjacent to Metro Line 13 in the East, Peking University and Yuanmingyuan in the West. It is one of the most beautiful universities in China; Qinghua garden was originally a royal garden. It was called Xichun garden ring the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. Yongzheng, Qianlong and Xianfeng successively lived here. During the reign of emperor Xianfeng, Xichun garden was renamed Qinghua garden. The campus covers a total area of 392.4 hectares (306.0 hectares of campus headquarters, excluding affiliated hospitals), with a total construction area of 1.981 million square meters; The greening rate of the campus is 54.8%, with 1152 kinds of trees, including 45000 trees, 188000 shrubs and 240 ancient trees over 100 years old; Public classrooms cover an area of 53000 square meters, with 276 classrooms and 450000 square meters of student apartments, with 13900 rooms. The buildings of different periods in the campus naturally form architectural communities with different styles, creating suitable working, learning and living environment for teachers and students. In front of the lawn of the auditorium of Qinghua garden, the sundial stood upright in the wind and rain for decades, on which was engraved the school spirit of Qinghua: "deeds speak louder than words"“ "Action is better than speech" is not to say nothing, but to be realistic and to testify with action. Tsinghua campus is divided into East and west areas according to the south gate main road (Xuetang Road). The western campus is an old campus, which is characterized by American campus layout and many western style historical buildings with brick and stone structure. The auditorium is the central landscape. The library (phase I, II and III project), science museum, Tsinghua School, tongfangbu, West gymnasium and Science Institute are distributed among them. The I-shaped hall, ancient moon hall, Shuimu Qinghua and other ancient buildings in the former royal palace garden and the "lotus pond" (jinchunyuan site) described by Zhu Ziqing in the moonlight over the lotus pond show the traditional Chinese garden style; In the Eastern District, the main building is the Soviet style main building built in 1950, as well as modern style buildings such as architectural museum, Mingli building, School of economics and management, and Yifu science and Technology Museum. At the foot of the hill to the north of the second gate of Tsinghua University, there is a "monument to Mr. Wang Jing'an in Haining", which is called "the first monument of Tsinghua University" by Tsinghua alumni. It is a memorial for the teachers and students of the Institute of Chinese studies to commemorate Wang Guowei. On the inscription, Chen Yinque's "spirit of independence and free thought" is exactly a reflection of the spirit of generations of Tsinghua scholars.

8. Tsinghua University's finance is naturally the top.

9. Tsinghua University, Central University of Finance and economics, Xiamen University postgraate entrance examination, English test 201, Tsinghua University's mathematics test 301, namely number one, Xiamen University and finance test mathematics three
professional courses: Economics in Tsinghua University (845), economics in Xiamen University (801) and finance in middle school (801) Western economics, higher ecation press Macroeconomics, Renmin University of China Press, microeconomics, Renmin University of China Press< The economic bibliography of 801 includes:
western economics, 3rd Edition, Gao Hongye, Renmin University of China press
political economics, 2nd Edition, higher ecation press, such as Pang Jinju (2003)
Finance, edited by Huang Da, Renmin University of China Press (2003)
Finance, Zwei bodi, Zhang Jinju, etc Robert Morton, Renmin University of China Press (2000)
International Finance, edited by Jiang Boke, higher ecation press (2004)
financial market, edited by Zhang Yichun, higher ecation press (2003)
financial intermediary, edited by Wang Guangqian, higher ecation press (2003)
contemporary western monetary and financial theory, edited by Li Jian, higher ecation press Press (2006)
History of Chinese financial thoughts Yao Sui China Financial Press (1994)
Handbook of monetary economics Benjamin Friedman Economic Science Press (2002)
economic research, financial research, finance and trade economy If you want to get the postgraate entrance examination information systematically, you can contact the postgraate recruitment office of these universities to buy it.