What are the benefits of virtual currency trading
virtual currency is the currency used for electronic circulation. Now the scope of virtual currency is very large, including q-coin, bitcoin and so on. With the development of digital currency, virtual currency is becoming more and more abundant, which may become the mainstream in the future. For example, BTC, EOS, bcbot and so on are not only virtual currencies, but also algorithms, landing projects and technologies
virtual currency is mainly issued by online game service providers to purchase game props, such as equipment, clothing, etc. But at present, the use of virtual currency has gone far beyond this category. Virtual currency can be used to buy game cards, physical objects and download services of some movies and software
extended data:
real risk
as the proct of e-commerce, virtual currency has begun to play an increasingly important role, and it is more and more connected with the real world. However, with the growth of virtual currency, the relevant laws and regulations are lagging behind, which has laid many hidden dangers
fraud
the private transaction of online virtual currency has realized the two-way circulation between virtual currency and RMB to a certain extent. The activity of these traders is to buy all kinds of virtual currencies and procts at a low price, and then sell them at a high price to earn profits. With the increase of such transactions, there are even virtual mints. In addition to the virtual currency provided by the main company, there are also some people who specialize in "virtual coin making" to obtain virtual currency by playing games and then resell it to other players
Taking Wenzhou as an example, there are about seven or eight such "virtual mints" with four or five hundred practitioners. This not only creates a bubble for the price of the virtual currency itself, but also causes trouble for the normal sale of the issuing company. It also provides a platform for selling and collecting money and money laundering for various cyber crimes. p>
impact system
in modern financial system, the issuers of money are generally central banks, which are responsible for the management and supervision of money operation. As the equivalent exchange goods used to replace the real currency circulation on the Internet, the virtual currency on the Internet is essentially the same as the real currency. The difference is that the issuers are no longer central banks, but Internet companies
if the development of virtual currency makes it form a unified market, each company can exchange with each other, or virtual currency is integrated and unified, and all of them are based on the same standard and price, then in a sense, virtual currency is currency, which is likely to form a threat impact on the traditional financial system or economic operation
reference: network virtual currency
Why do digital currencies need exchanges
as we all know, digital currency is based on blockchain technology and platform, and it is also one of the most typical applications of blockchain
taking bitcoin as an example, its platform provides the function of transferring money among users, but it does not provide the function of transaction and payment, which makes bitcoin unable to communicate with the outside world, let alone circulate, and thus cannot become a real currency
in order to solve this problem, the exchange was born
role of the exchange:
in addition to the above-mentioned trading and payment, the specific functions of the exchange are roughly asset management, matching trading and asset clearing, etc. To put it bluntly, it is equivalent to the Bank of digital currency. The matchmaking transaction here is actually to exchange for other currencies, such as bitcoin for Leyte. Of course, there are also some basic functions such as recharge and cash withdrawal. In principle, it is a centralized account book without being linked
on the other hand, the exchange also plays the role of stock exchange, making ICO (initial token issue) project possible
all kinds of token (token or token) can be raised and issued through the exchange
at this point, some people certainly think that the exchange is a combination of banking and securities trading
but not only that, the exchange also has the functions of futures and financial management, which means it also has the attributes of financial institutions such as futures exchange, securities companies and fund companies
it is not enough. In fact, the exchange also has the function of supervision, because there is no supervision. Therefore, the digital currency exchange can be regarded as a super financial center
the centralized exchange plays an important role, which obviously brings many security risks and trust crisis
all these are closely related to the violation of the "decentralization" advocated by blockchain
fortunately, some "decentralized" exchanges have emerged, which are based on the blockchain platform and rely on smart contracts to achieve the purpose of automation, de trust and transparency
let's briefly talk about how to build an exchange. Generally, a subject is registered first, such as the Singapore foundation, because the Singapore government encourages the development of blockchain, and high-quality project parties are registered in Singapore, which can be more recognized in the instry
the Singapore foundation can register by providing a company name and identity information of directors, and then it can do some legal compliance, which is also the advantage of the Singapore foundation. It can issue effective legal opinions to make the project compliance.
the second is to strengthen subject management and standardize market behavior The circular stipulates that enterprises engaged in relevant services can operate only after approval. At the same time, the use scope of online game virtual currency is strictly regulated: it shall not be used to pay for, purchase physical procts or exchange for any procts and services of other enterprises, so as to prevent the possible impact of online game virtual currency on the real financial order
the third is to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of users and clarify corporate responsibilities. After verifying the identity of users, online game operators should provide online game virtual currency recharge and transfer records, and handle them according to the complaint handling proceres. It has made a series of regulations and put forward strict requirements for enterprises engaged in online game virtual currency issuance and trading services< The fourth is to protect the healthy growth of minors and prohibit online game virtual currency trading service enterprises from providing services to minors
fifthly, make full use of the existing management means, put forward the establishment of online game virtual currency management coordination mechanism, strengthen department communication and coordination, standardize the market order, ensure the healthy development of online game instry, prevent financial risks, prevent and crack down on the illegal and criminal acts of using online game virtual currency.
The role of digital currency:
1. First of all, the central bank's digital currency can provide a huge data base for monetary policy and macro Prudential policy, so that the regulatory authorities can collect real-time trading books of different frequency and different institutions according to their needs, and it is complete and real. This information advantage can help the central bank use policy tools more accurately and flexibly
Secondly, the central bank's digital currency technology can track the flow of funds and help the regulatory authorities to comprehensively monitor and assess financial risks. Finally, the central bank's digital money technology is concive to the transmission of interest rate of monetary policy. Digital currency technology supports "point-to-point" payment and settlement, which can improve the liquidity of market participants. Only the digital currency of the central bank, which is generally accepted by the whole society, can radiate this advantage to the participants of different financial markets, so as to improve the liquidity of financial markets. This will make the term structure of interest rate smoother and the transmission mechanism of interest rate smoother
extended data:
digital currency can be considered as a virtual currency based on node network and digital encryption algorithm. The core characteristics of digital currency are mainly reflected in three aspects: because it comes from some open algorithms, digital currency has no issuing subject, so no one or institution can control its issuing; Because the number of algorithm solutions is fixed, the total amount of digital currency is fixed, which fundamentally eliminates the possibility of inflation caused by the overuse of virtual currency; Because the transaction process needs the approval of each node in the network, the transaction process of digital currency is safe enough
It's already so hard in 2019. Will it be even harder in 2020
2019 has passed. Looking back at the major events in the field of automatic driving in this year, we still feel that automatic driving is still so near but so far away from us
has just started this year, and Waymo has heard the news of large-scale proction of L4 class autopilot cars. This has led many people to think that L4 unmanned vehicles will soon come. But wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait. Looking at these popular driverless cars, even writers can't help but hope that the era of driverless driving will soon come
However, another recent event has left me at a loss: starsky robotics, a self driving start-up, wants to sell itself because it has failed to raise new funds to maintain its operation. Before that, Wu Enda's driverless company, drive.ai, was sold to Apple at a low price e to financial difficulties. Another start-up driverless company, oryxvision, directly announced its shutdown. Even cruise, its driverless company, announced that it would postpone the deployment of robotaxi. The author also thinks that the current situation of driverless may not be so optimistic, Large scale commercialization still has a long way to golet's review these landmark events in the field of automatic driving in 2019
general Cruise postponed the autopilot taxi program. At the beginning of
2018, when GM released the relevant information on the fourth generation of CruiseAV autopilot, it had indicated that it would put the automatic driving vehicle safely into commercial application in 2019. However, after nearly a year and a half of preparation, in July 2019, cruise CEO Dan Ammann suddenly announced that cruise would postpone the auto driving business plan originally scheled for formal implementation in 2019, and said cruise was discussing with regulators how to measure when its technology "only has a positive impact on road safety"
photo source: Waymo official website
Waymo said the new plant will focus on large-scale proction of L4 class automatic driving vehicle to expand its automatic driving business. Waymo said in a statement: "with the commercialization of our business, the number of autopilot cars has begun to increase. We need an expandable and powerful autopilot assembly plan. We're preparing for that now, and it's going to start in Michigan. " However, Waymo is not alone in running the project, but by co operating with Magna, the autopilot system is installed on the cars proced by the partners. Waymo executives said the company plans to do so in mid-2019 and put the project into operation in 2024
local time on April 23rd, Waymo said it had reached an agreement with the US axle manufacturing company, which was relocated at an old factory in Detroit to rebuild the autopilot car. It is reported that the factory will become the second factory in Michigan to manufacture L4 automatic driving vehicle, and Navya, a self driving feeder manufacturer, has opened an assembly plant in Saline, Western Detroit, Michigan. p> On September 26, the network announced that the trial operation service of the autonomous taxi team robotaxi was officially opened. Since then, ordinary Changsha citizens can log on to Apollo's official website to apply for being a seed user, and have the opportunity to have a trial ride
it is reported that the self driving taxi used in the trial operation of the network is the "red flag EV" jointly developed by FAW Hongqi and FAW Hongqi, with the first batch of 45 vehicles. Based on Apollo's self driving technology, these vehicles have been upgraded and optimized in all aspects, such as the software and hardware of automatic driving, the mass proction capacity of front loading of proction line, the human-computer interaction in the car, the security rendancy guarantee and the cloud fleet management. Moreover, red flag EV is also equipped with Apollo customized OBU, which can realize L4 level vehicle road cooperative sensing driving with intelligent network connected roadside devices, and reflect the current information of pedestrians and cars on the road, as well as the blind area that can't be seen from the driver's perspective, on the vehicle screen, and even give advance notice of traffic light changes and waiting time, Realize the close combination of intelligent car and intelligent road. This move marks that domestic automatic driving technology has really started to enter the market from internal R & D and carry out large-scale landing
subsequently, network Apollo further expanded the scope of robotaxi manned test, and officially opened the automatic driving manned test in Cangzhou in early November. On December 30, the joint working group of Beijing automatic driving test management issued the notice of the first batch of road manned test for automatic driving vehicles, and network Apollo won 40 automatic driving manned test licenses in one fell swoop, becoming the first domestic enterprise to carry out automatic driving manned test in Beijing. So far, the number of manned test licenses for online Apollo autopilot has reached 120, far ahead of other autopilot players in China
with the in-depth promotion of network Apollo automatic driving manned test, its layout in the field of automatic driving is constantly improving. On December 18, Apollo held the first ecological conference in Changsha. In addition to the continuous upgrading of the open platform for automatic driving, Apollo also launched two new open platforms, namely, vehicle road collaboration and intelligent vehicle alliance. So far, Apollo has formed a three platform, triple open layout
at the conference, Apollo autopilot open platform launched Apollo 5.5, the core highlight of which is the opening of "point-to-point urban autopilot" capability, which is the first time in the world that this capability is open to the outside world. In addition, Apollo also released new procts and solutions such as autonomous driving cloud, Apollo vehicle road collaborative open platform, intelligent vehicle alliance open platform, small car 2020, vehicle planning level network Swan chip, and released Apollo's report card in 2019, with 150 automatic driving road test license plates, 1237 intelligent driving patents, test mileage of more than 3 million km Road tests were carried out in 23 cities, 36000 developers worldwide, 177 ecological partners, and 560000 lines of code were opened up, comprehensively leading China's autonomous driving progress in technology, ecology and other fields
Guangzhou released the automatic driving vehicle sampling inspection method
following the announcement of the release of automatic driving road test in many places in China in 2018, in terms of automatic driving test in 2019, the favorable policy will be released again
on December 23, Guangzhou issued the measures for the management of "three tongs" test vehicles of Guangzhou Intemet vehicles (Trial) (hereinafter referred to as the measures), proposing that the same batch of "three tongs" (the same model, the same system, and the same architecture) test vehicles should, in principle, be divided into a group of at most five vehicles, one of which is randomly selected from each group, and the closed test is organized by the operation center
This means that in the future, the cost of road test for autonomous driving R & D enterprises will be greatly reced. Previously, the domestic issuance of automatic driving test qualification was based on test vehicles. If an enterprise wants to launch several automatic driving test vehicles, it must apply for several licenses However, while the measures rece the burden of enterprises, the requirements for testing vehicles are also higher and higher. For example, the "measures" stipulates that the same batch of "three same" test vehicles shall be jointly and severally liable. In case of the following situations, all test vehicles in the same group will be stopped testing: any test vehicle in the same group has accumulated 12 points in a scoring cycle; During the test, the fault light is on, the data is not synchronized to the cloud, the manual takeover is more than 3 times within 30 minutes, and the vehicle is running in a serpentine shape. This also shows that the automatic driving R & D enterprises must provide a more stable and more stable autopilot if they want to get the relevant policy convenience. p>in addition to issuing the "three same" test vehicle management measures, the regulation is also breaking the ice in cross regional test qualification mutual recognition and automatic driving manned vehicle test. In September 2019, the relevant leaders of the three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta signed the "Yangtze River Delta regional intelligent network connected vehicle road test mutual recognition cooperation agreement" to effectively regulate the test behavior. Subsequently, in the administrative measures for road test and demonstration application of Shanghai intelligent network connected vehicle (Trial), the relevant provisions clearly pointed out that the applicants who have obtained provincial or municipal road test licenses of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui can obtain the road test qualification of Shanghai intelligent network connected vehicle according to the appropriate simple procere under the condition of meeting the corresponding test and evaluation proceres
12, in the guidance of the Guangzhou city on the intelligent network joint vehicle road test, it also clearly pointed out that for enterprises that have already carried out automatic driving vehicle road tests and reached a certain level of technology in other cities in the country, the test proceres in Guangzhou can be simplified. p>
in the same month, in the detailed rules for the implementation of road test management of automatic driving vehicles in Beijing (for Trial Implementation), three stages of manned and loaded standards were defined for the first time: in the first stage, the safety test with the manned test benchmark of more than 100000 km for internal staff was carried out; In the second stage, we will carry out a safety test with a manned test benchmark of more than 500000 km for social personnel; In the third stage, we will carry out a safety test with a manned test benchmark of more than 1 million km for social personnel, and apply for at least 50 test vehicles. It can be seen that although the policy level has been relaxed, it is not easy to get a license for automatic driving manned test in Beijing
this article comes from the author of car home, which does not represent the standpoint of car home
after the release of the report "bitcoin soaring or hidden" exchange factor "vigilance policy raid and market risk" on January 5, the fermentation of a series of events such as the central bank's interview with bitcoin platform and the platform's self rectification not only fulfilled our previous prediction, but also showed that the further attention of the regulatory authorities is promoting bitcoin into a relatively strong regulatory cycle
however, considering that bitcoin is a decentralized currency based on international blockchain technology, and its stability has a gold like rigid guarantee, although regulatory policies will have a negative impact on the ecology of bitcoin in the short term, the development of bitcoin in the medium and long term is still worth looking forward to at a time when inflation expectations become more obvious
domestic applied digital currency is also very popular, such as Puyin, which issues 1 billion Tibetan tea as credit endorsement. The identification, evaluation, right confirmation and other related information of Tibetan tea assets will be recorded on the blockchain through encryption technology, so that the asset related information will be more open and transparent.