How to input the value of virtual currency
Publish: 2021-05-18 18:38:02
1. This view is controversial. China's central bank defines bitcoin as a special Internet commodity, while the United States recently classifies bitcoin as a commodity. Of course, the attitude of European countries towards bitcoin is relatively ambiguous. Germany is the first country in the world to recognize bitcoin as a unit of account. However, most people in the currency circle regard virtual currency as currency. Let me take bitcoin as an example to illustrate:
bitcoin has value because it is useful as a form of currency. Bitcoin has the mathematical characteristics of money (persistence, portability, interchangeability, scarcity, separability and identifiability) rather than relying on physical characteristics (such as gold and silver) or the trust of central power (such as fiat money). In short, bitcoin is backed by mathematics. With these characteristics, a form of money to have value requires trust and use. This can be reflected in the growing number of users, businesses and start-ups. Like all currencies, the value of bitcoin comes directly from people who are willing to accept it as a means of payment, which is the only source
of course, some domestic digital currency scholars began to take bitcoin not as a kind of currency, but as a shortcut. Teacher Shaqian proposed the concept of currency business circle. Perhaps inspired by the recent emergence of a currency called Fuyuan coin in the jewelry instry, it is very innovative to use Fuyuan coin to replace the traditional business integral system.
bitcoin has value because it is useful as a form of currency. Bitcoin has the mathematical characteristics of money (persistence, portability, interchangeability, scarcity, separability and identifiability) rather than relying on physical characteristics (such as gold and silver) or the trust of central power (such as fiat money). In short, bitcoin is backed by mathematics. With these characteristics, a form of money to have value requires trust and use. This can be reflected in the growing number of users, businesses and start-ups. Like all currencies, the value of bitcoin comes directly from people who are willing to accept it as a means of payment, which is the only source
of course, some domestic digital currency scholars began to take bitcoin not as a kind of currency, but as a shortcut. Teacher Shaqian proposed the concept of currency business circle. Perhaps inspired by the recent emergence of a currency called Fuyuan coin in the jewelry instry, it is very innovative to use Fuyuan coin to replace the traditional business integral system.
2.
Often when we talk about value, we will naturally relate to price. Indeed, price is an important data to measure value. As a blockchain technology, bitcoin's price reached 140000 RMB when it was high, and now it has dropped by about 50%, but it is still as high as 80000 RMB
At this point, you may have understood: if people do not have a common understanding of a thing, and do not give value to a thing, many things will not become "valuable". Just like our understanding of air and food, it is necessary for us to live and survive! This is the "consensus". We all believe that if we want to live, these two are indispensable! Therefore, we can conclude that the essence of value is consensus. What is the value consensus of virtual currency? Most people think that the essence of currency is not consensus, but the credibility and authority of the ruling government. This is not unreasonable. The government can only be one of the sources of value consensus, so most people think it is not comprehensive. In today's society, our consensus on the value of things comes from many ways, such as: Endorsement of authoritative institutions, corporate credit, religious belief, support of scientific theory3.
The essence of money is the general equivalent. In the process of the continuous development and evolution of human history, it has gone through the stage of physical money, the stage of substitute money, and then entered the stage of credit money. In primitive society, people exchanged livestock, salt, shells and other hard to get goods as general equivalents
in the long history, the emergence of metal currency makes the economic life achieve unprecedented prosperity. However, e to the inconvenience of carrying metal money, paper money became the mainstream form of money. With the rapid development of modern information technology, e-money has come into our life
if the evolution process from physical money to value symbol paper money is the first qualitative leap in the history of money development, then the evolution process from paper money to electronic money is the second qualitative leap in the history of money development
from the perspective of money form, physical money itself is a commodity in addition to performing monetary functions; Paper money is a symbolic tool of value for commodity exchange and a credit currency; Electronic currency is the proct of highly developed Internet economy and continuous progress of bank payment and settlement technology. It not only has the function of traditional currency, but also can continuously improve digital currency
At the same time, the virtual money market based on electronic information is also booming. By the end of 2014, the number of Internet users in China had reached 632 million, including 517 million registered users in the online game market and 114.48 billion yuan of sales revenue, an actual increase of 37.7% over the previous yeara huge virtual space based on the Internet has been formally formed. As a kind of virtual currency with intrinsic value, convenient online trading behavior, low transaction cost, and service providers' issuance, it emerges as the times require
first of all, from the functional analysis. Virtual currency is a kind of transaction medium in the Internet virtual space, which has the function of value scale, but the value scale of virtual currency is different from that of legal currency
using virtual currency to purchase virtual procts and services can only be within the scope specified and allowed by the issuer of virtual currency (Internet operator), and the size of this scope depends on the number of virtual procts and services. If the virtual procts and services provided by the website are large enough, the scope of virtual currency will be large
the currency value of virtual currency depends on the pricing of virtual currency by issuers. When no currency can communicate between virtual cyberspace and reality, the pricing of procts and services is still based on real RMB. That is to say, when issuers of virtual currency price their own virtual currency, they should first convert the price of virtual currency based on RMB
4. Top 10 in the list of Qualcomm snapdragon processors: snapdragon 888
1. Process: it is equipped with the latest generation of 5nm manufacturing process to bring the strongest processor performance to users. The 5nm manufacturing process brings the most top technology, cost and functional performance requirements
2. Core: the three cluster architecture of super core + big core + small core is used, in which the super core is cortex x1, the big core is cortex A78, and the small core is cortex A55
3. Experience: Super core cortex-x1 has 1MB L2 cache, while A78 has 256Kb L2 cache, which can give you better performance experience,
brings the strongest architecture for users at present, with A78 20% higher in performance and machine learning 100% higher in performance
4. Optimization: for game optimization, provide users with variable coloring rate, It can improve the performance by 30%
5. Other aspects: for other aspects of the game, 144hz high refresh rate / high frame rate, true 10 bit HDR, surreal enhanced image quality, fast mixing,
GPU driver update, Xbox cloud / Google stadia / Amazon Luna cloud game, etc<
second place: snapdragon 870
1. Process: 1 * 3.19ghz + 3 * 2.42ghz + 4 * 1.8GHz eight core configuration,
2. Architecture: one large core and three medium cores adopt a77 architecture, and four small cores adopt a550 +
3. Other aspects: the GPU of snapdragon 870 is the frequency upgraded adreno650, and the baseband is still x55 modem< GPU: the performance of the new generation kryo 585 CPU is improved by 25%, and the overall performance of the new Adreno 650 GPU is also improved by 25% compared with the previous generation platform
5. Experience: it brings 7Nm proction technology, which brings the best mobile phone performance experience for users
6. Pixel: 1 billion pixel high-speed ISP, processing speed up to 2 billion pixels per second, supporting new shooting features and functions
7. Video: users can take 4K HDR video with 1 billion colors, 8K video or capture photos up to 200 million pixels<
third place: snapdragon 865
1. CPU: new kryo 585 architecture, up to 2.84ghz
2. GPU: with Adreno 650, the performance is 25% higher than that of snapdragon 855
3. With snapdragon x55 5g baseband, it can support up to 7.5gbps download speed and WiFi 6 protocol
4. It adopts the fifth generation AI engine and supports the computing power of 15 tops
5. It supports lpddr5 memory, 144hz screen refresh rate, 200 megapixel camera, 8K 30 frame video recording and 960 frame slow motion shooting
6. The main frequency of CPU is consistent with snapdragon 855. The new cortex-a77 architecture should have about 20% performance improvement according to the official data of arm
7. GPU is 25% higher than snapdragon 855, and the overall performance is 20% higher. Lpddr5 memory is also a bonus
fourth place: snapdragon 855 +
1. Both snapdragon 855 and snapdragon 855 + CPU adopt the same architecture kyro485. The difference is that their large core frequency is different. The large core frequency of 855 + is 2.96ghz higher than that of 855< In terms of GPU, 855 and 855 + are both adreno640, but their frequencies are also different. The frequency of 855 + is 672mhz, while that of 855 + is only 585mhz. The graphics ability of 855 + is 15% higher than that of 855
3. The same 7Nm process, both of them adopt the 1 + 3 + 4 8-core design. Except for the different frequencies of the large cores, the frequencies of the other 7 small cores remain unchanged< So in theory, snapdragon 855 + has stronger mononuclear ability
5. The iqoo equipped with Xiaolong 85 and Nubia z20 equipped with Xiaolong 855plus are compared. According to the running points, the actual performance of Xiaolong 855 + is more than that of Xiaolong 855 in both single core and multi-core performance. The actual performance of 855 + is still better than that of 855
fifth place: Xiaolong 855
1 CPU: the memory delay is higher than that of the Kirin 980, but the overall performance of the CPU is still slightly higher than that of the Kirin 980. The performance of specint2006 is 51% higher than that of the 845, and the CPU energy efficiency ratio is 39% higher than that of the 845. In specfp2006, it is 61% higher than that of the 845, and it is 4% and 9% higher than that of the Kirin 980. Although the highest core reaches 2.85ghz, the energy efficiency is still excellent
2. AI: after the blessing of hexagon 690, compared with 845, AI performance has been greatly improved, which is about 2.5-3 times that of 845
3 and application: it is not awesome in terms of system application performance, stronger than 845, but weaker than 980, official expression may be the relationship of scheling on the engineering machine, and the official commercial equipment will be improved. GPU: the peak performance of Adreno 640 GPU is still far behind A12, but the energy efficiency ratio is good. The average power consumption of off screen rendering of gfxbench3.1 is 4.44w. In terms of energy efficiency, the peak state of A12 is 17.36fps/w, the down frequency state is 20.18fps/w, 855 is 16.05fps/w, 845 is 11.99fps/w, 980 is 11.93fps/w, and the overall energy efficiency ratio is 30% higher than 845<
sixth place: snapdragon 845
1. Snapdragon 845 still adopts eight cores of 10nm process, which is the most advanced technology in the market. Compared with snapdragon 835, it has made improvements in both large and small cores. The four cores are A75 architecture and the four small cores are A55 architecture
2. At the same time, snapdragon 845 introces a new security processing unit SPU, while GPU adopts Adreno 630, which improves the overall efficiency by 25% - 30% compared with Adreno 540 of snapdragon 835
3. Snapdragon 845 is equipped with 5g frequency regulator; In terms of overall performance, 845 is 20% - 25% better than 835
4. Snapdragon 845 supports Gigabit LTE connection through X20 LTE modem, and supports 2x2 al channel Wi Fi and 4x4 MIMO technology, providing more stable and faster network connection for players<
seventh place: snapdragon 730g
1. The multi-core performance of snapdragon 730g processor is not as good as that of snapdragon 845 processor, and the single core performance is better than that of snapdragon 845 processor. Each processor has its own victory or defeat
2. Snapdragon 730g has built-in CPU with kryo470 architecture, which is built by instry-leading 8nm process technology
3. Snapdragon 730g integrates frequency enhanced adreno618gpu, which makes its graphics processing performance 25% higher than snapdragon 710 and graphics rendering speed 15% higher than snapdragon 730. The g of snapdragon 730g refers to game
4. The snapdragon 730g also supports some of the snapdragon elitegaming functions, which can bring more amazing game screen effects
5. Snapdragon 730g also supports qcommaqstic audio technology, which can bring clear and smooth surround sound<
eighth place: snapdragon 730 AIE
1. 730 has surpassed 835 as a whole. If the price control is in place, it will be a god u, which can replace 835 in all aspects. 730 Angou has exceeded 835
2. Snapdragon 730 chip is made by 8nm process. According to Angou's running score test, Lenovo Z6's running score is as high as 200000, And Master Lu's running score is 250000
3. Xiaolong 730g is equipped with the enhanced version of Adreno 618 GPU (supporting Vulkan version 1.1), and its performance is 15% higher than the ordinary version of Xiaolong 730
4. With the support of the new A76 architecture, the CPU performance of snapdragon 730g has caught up with that of snapdragon 845 with only two A76 cores, and the daily application experience is very smooth
5. The CPU frequency of snapdragon 730g is 2.4GHz, and the GPU frequency is 825mhz; The main CPU frequency of snapdragon 730 is 2.2GHz, and the main CPU frequency is 700MHz. This means that the CPU and GPU frequency of snapdragon 730g is higher than that of snapdragon 730<
No.9: snapdragon 765G
1. Compared with the previous generation snapdragon 730 processor, the main frequency of snapdragon 765G is increased to 2.4GHz, adopting the architecture of 1 * kryo 475 prime (2.3 / 2.4GHz) + 1 * kryo 475 gold (2.2GHz) + 6 * kryo 475 silver (1.8GHz)
2. The processor adopts the 7Nm EUV process manufactured by Samsung, which reces the power consumption by 35% compared with the 8nm snapdragon 730. The GPU is upgraded to the Adreno 620
3. Snapdragon 765G supports up to 192mp pixels, single shot 3600W pixels and zero delay shooting, which is equivalent to the previous generation's level. It supports Bluetooth 5.0, WiFi 6 and 120Hz refresh rates, and AI 5.5tops
4. The most important feature of snapdragon 765G is that it integrates snapdragon x525g baseband and and supports SA / NSA al-mode networking. Its theoretical maximum peak download rate is as high as 3.7 Gbps and upload rate is 1.6 Gbps. At the same time, it also supports 5g millimeter wave, band below 6GHz, global 5g roaming, WiFi 6 and other features<
No.10: snapdragon 765
1. Snapdragon 765 adopts kryo 475 CPU, with a maximum dominant frequency of 2.3ghz; The Adreno 620 GPU is 20% faster than the previous generation< 2. The fifth generation AI engine adopts hexagon 696 tensor processor; Spectrum 355 ISP supports up to 192 megapixel camera, 480fps 720p slow motion video capture and 4K HDR video capture capability
3. Built in X52 modem, it supports millimeter wave, TDD and FDD band below 6GHz, and can achieve 3.7 Gbps download peak and 1.6 Gbps upload peak.
1. Process: it is equipped with the latest generation of 5nm manufacturing process to bring the strongest processor performance to users. The 5nm manufacturing process brings the most top technology, cost and functional performance requirements
2. Core: the three cluster architecture of super core + big core + small core is used, in which the super core is cortex x1, the big core is cortex A78, and the small core is cortex A55
3. Experience: Super core cortex-x1 has 1MB L2 cache, while A78 has 256Kb L2 cache, which can give you better performance experience,
brings the strongest architecture for users at present, with A78 20% higher in performance and machine learning 100% higher in performance
4. Optimization: for game optimization, provide users with variable coloring rate, It can improve the performance by 30%
5. Other aspects: for other aspects of the game, 144hz high refresh rate / high frame rate, true 10 bit HDR, surreal enhanced image quality, fast mixing,
GPU driver update, Xbox cloud / Google stadia / Amazon Luna cloud game, etc<
second place: snapdragon 870
1. Process: 1 * 3.19ghz + 3 * 2.42ghz + 4 * 1.8GHz eight core configuration,
2. Architecture: one large core and three medium cores adopt a77 architecture, and four small cores adopt a550 +
3. Other aspects: the GPU of snapdragon 870 is the frequency upgraded adreno650, and the baseband is still x55 modem< GPU: the performance of the new generation kryo 585 CPU is improved by 25%, and the overall performance of the new Adreno 650 GPU is also improved by 25% compared with the previous generation platform
5. Experience: it brings 7Nm proction technology, which brings the best mobile phone performance experience for users
6. Pixel: 1 billion pixel high-speed ISP, processing speed up to 2 billion pixels per second, supporting new shooting features and functions
7. Video: users can take 4K HDR video with 1 billion colors, 8K video or capture photos up to 200 million pixels<
third place: snapdragon 865
1. CPU: new kryo 585 architecture, up to 2.84ghz
2. GPU: with Adreno 650, the performance is 25% higher than that of snapdragon 855
3. With snapdragon x55 5g baseband, it can support up to 7.5gbps download speed and WiFi 6 protocol
4. It adopts the fifth generation AI engine and supports the computing power of 15 tops
5. It supports lpddr5 memory, 144hz screen refresh rate, 200 megapixel camera, 8K 30 frame video recording and 960 frame slow motion shooting
6. The main frequency of CPU is consistent with snapdragon 855. The new cortex-a77 architecture should have about 20% performance improvement according to the official data of arm
7. GPU is 25% higher than snapdragon 855, and the overall performance is 20% higher. Lpddr5 memory is also a bonus
fourth place: snapdragon 855 +
1. Both snapdragon 855 and snapdragon 855 + CPU adopt the same architecture kyro485. The difference is that their large core frequency is different. The large core frequency of 855 + is 2.96ghz higher than that of 855< In terms of GPU, 855 and 855 + are both adreno640, but their frequencies are also different. The frequency of 855 + is 672mhz, while that of 855 + is only 585mhz. The graphics ability of 855 + is 15% higher than that of 855
3. The same 7Nm process, both of them adopt the 1 + 3 + 4 8-core design. Except for the different frequencies of the large cores, the frequencies of the other 7 small cores remain unchanged< So in theory, snapdragon 855 + has stronger mononuclear ability
5. The iqoo equipped with Xiaolong 85 and Nubia z20 equipped with Xiaolong 855plus are compared. According to the running points, the actual performance of Xiaolong 855 + is more than that of Xiaolong 855 in both single core and multi-core performance. The actual performance of 855 + is still better than that of 855
fifth place: Xiaolong 855
1 CPU: the memory delay is higher than that of the Kirin 980, but the overall performance of the CPU is still slightly higher than that of the Kirin 980. The performance of specint2006 is 51% higher than that of the 845, and the CPU energy efficiency ratio is 39% higher than that of the 845. In specfp2006, it is 61% higher than that of the 845, and it is 4% and 9% higher than that of the Kirin 980. Although the highest core reaches 2.85ghz, the energy efficiency is still excellent
2. AI: after the blessing of hexagon 690, compared with 845, AI performance has been greatly improved, which is about 2.5-3 times that of 845
3 and application: it is not awesome in terms of system application performance, stronger than 845, but weaker than 980, official expression may be the relationship of scheling on the engineering machine, and the official commercial equipment will be improved. GPU: the peak performance of Adreno 640 GPU is still far behind A12, but the energy efficiency ratio is good. The average power consumption of off screen rendering of gfxbench3.1 is 4.44w. In terms of energy efficiency, the peak state of A12 is 17.36fps/w, the down frequency state is 20.18fps/w, 855 is 16.05fps/w, 845 is 11.99fps/w, 980 is 11.93fps/w, and the overall energy efficiency ratio is 30% higher than 845<
sixth place: snapdragon 845
1. Snapdragon 845 still adopts eight cores of 10nm process, which is the most advanced technology in the market. Compared with snapdragon 835, it has made improvements in both large and small cores. The four cores are A75 architecture and the four small cores are A55 architecture
2. At the same time, snapdragon 845 introces a new security processing unit SPU, while GPU adopts Adreno 630, which improves the overall efficiency by 25% - 30% compared with Adreno 540 of snapdragon 835
3. Snapdragon 845 is equipped with 5g frequency regulator; In terms of overall performance, 845 is 20% - 25% better than 835
4. Snapdragon 845 supports Gigabit LTE connection through X20 LTE modem, and supports 2x2 al channel Wi Fi and 4x4 MIMO technology, providing more stable and faster network connection for players<
seventh place: snapdragon 730g
1. The multi-core performance of snapdragon 730g processor is not as good as that of snapdragon 845 processor, and the single core performance is better than that of snapdragon 845 processor. Each processor has its own victory or defeat
2. Snapdragon 730g has built-in CPU with kryo470 architecture, which is built by instry-leading 8nm process technology
3. Snapdragon 730g integrates frequency enhanced adreno618gpu, which makes its graphics processing performance 25% higher than snapdragon 710 and graphics rendering speed 15% higher than snapdragon 730. The g of snapdragon 730g refers to game
4. The snapdragon 730g also supports some of the snapdragon elitegaming functions, which can bring more amazing game screen effects
5. Snapdragon 730g also supports qcommaqstic audio technology, which can bring clear and smooth surround sound<
eighth place: snapdragon 730 AIE
1. 730 has surpassed 835 as a whole. If the price control is in place, it will be a god u, which can replace 835 in all aspects. 730 Angou has exceeded 835
2. Snapdragon 730 chip is made by 8nm process. According to Angou's running score test, Lenovo Z6's running score is as high as 200000, And Master Lu's running score is 250000
3. Xiaolong 730g is equipped with the enhanced version of Adreno 618 GPU (supporting Vulkan version 1.1), and its performance is 15% higher than the ordinary version of Xiaolong 730
4. With the support of the new A76 architecture, the CPU performance of snapdragon 730g has caught up with that of snapdragon 845 with only two A76 cores, and the daily application experience is very smooth
5. The CPU frequency of snapdragon 730g is 2.4GHz, and the GPU frequency is 825mhz; The main CPU frequency of snapdragon 730 is 2.2GHz, and the main CPU frequency is 700MHz. This means that the CPU and GPU frequency of snapdragon 730g is higher than that of snapdragon 730<
No.9: snapdragon 765G
1. Compared with the previous generation snapdragon 730 processor, the main frequency of snapdragon 765G is increased to 2.4GHz, adopting the architecture of 1 * kryo 475 prime (2.3 / 2.4GHz) + 1 * kryo 475 gold (2.2GHz) + 6 * kryo 475 silver (1.8GHz)
2. The processor adopts the 7Nm EUV process manufactured by Samsung, which reces the power consumption by 35% compared with the 8nm snapdragon 730. The GPU is upgraded to the Adreno 620
3. Snapdragon 765G supports up to 192mp pixels, single shot 3600W pixels and zero delay shooting, which is equivalent to the previous generation's level. It supports Bluetooth 5.0, WiFi 6 and 120Hz refresh rates, and AI 5.5tops
4. The most important feature of snapdragon 765G is that it integrates snapdragon x525g baseband and and supports SA / NSA al-mode networking. Its theoretical maximum peak download rate is as high as 3.7 Gbps and upload rate is 1.6 Gbps. At the same time, it also supports 5g millimeter wave, band below 6GHz, global 5g roaming, WiFi 6 and other features<
No.10: snapdragon 765
1. Snapdragon 765 adopts kryo 475 CPU, with a maximum dominant frequency of 2.3ghz; The Adreno 620 GPU is 20% faster than the previous generation< 2. The fifth generation AI engine adopts hexagon 696 tensor processor; Spectrum 355 ISP supports up to 192 megapixel camera, 480fps 720p slow motion video capture and 4K HDR video capture capability
3. Built in X52 modem, it supports millimeter wave, TDD and FDD band below 6GHz, and can achieve 3.7 Gbps download peak and 1.6 Gbps upload peak.
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