Industrial and commercial virtual currency in Hengqin New Area

1. Of course, virtual currency can't be registered by itself. If virtual currency can be registered by itself, then virtual currency has no value and is too cheap. The development of virtual currency needs to have certain technology, virtual currency needs to have wallet, need to have a trading platform
however, some people did issue their own digital currency. Xue Manzi issued his own digital currency, which belongs to personal currency, but then disappeared. Digital currency needs a good application scenario planning in order to live longer. For example, Ruitai asset mortgage dividends, Qianjin overseas luxury purchasing agency, and bitcoin have more uses. Blockchain technology is derived from bitcoin.

2. China's urbanization rate has exceeded 40%, and it is entering a period of rapid development. With the rapid development of cities, people pay more and more attention to the spatial layout and urban characteristics. However, e to the lack of experience in urban design and the deviation in the understanding of spatial integrity and context, many urban spaces lack of characteristics and charm, resulting in "one side of the city". Many experts and scholars call for "architectural design should consider the overall image of the city, urban planning needs cultural perspective." As an important part of urban design, urban space environment design is the imagery creation of three-dimensional space of urban environment. Its task is to connect the building and its surrounding environment with the feeling of people's activities in it, and create a comfortable, safe, convenient and beautiful material space environment according to the characteristics of people's psychological behavior. The combination of nature and man-made, material and spirit, space and time, historical tradition and modern life can be reflected in the design of space environment, which will help to improve the quality of city and landscape effect. Although the concept of urban design was put forward in the 1940s, urban design behavior has been developing with the development of urban social form from the simple defense function in the early human society to the complex social function in modern society. Urban design is the design of urban form and three-dimensional space environment. Urban design not only provides ideas and visualized development goals for urban planning, but also provides premise and outline for architectural design, which plays an important role
how to design urban space? In the past century, the theories of urban space analysis and design emerge in endlessly. Each theory has its own unique views and methods, but it makes people feel complicated and confused. People hope to find some basic elements, and then through the arrangement and combination of some rules, to achieve a new integrated urban appearance from simple to complex, from boring to interesting
first, feel space
what is space? Italian scholar Savi pointed out in his book on architectural space: "the so-called space is not just a cave or a hollow thing; Space is an active and positive thing. It is a real existence in which we live. " When the space of architecture expands from the interior to the exterior, the concept of urban space comes into being. Space has its own specific language. People from different cultural backgrounds can understand the limitation and stimulation of behavior through enclosed and open forms. Therefore, space can be perceived through people's behavioral psychology. For example, in urban space, measuring space by pace is the basic way to feel space. People experience the rise and fall of space interface through walking, Experience the real scale of urban space. The space inside a city is different from that inside a single building. It is not only an open space for visual experience, but also includes geographical space and humanistic space. Therefore, urban space covers a variety of spatial meanings and has a variety of characteristics: the material attribute, ecological attribute, cognitive and perceptual attribute and social attribute of space< Second, image elements
the city is not only displayed through architecture, but also not only the architectural image that impresses the users. Kevin Lynch's the image of the city is a research method of urban design based on the cognitive study of people's impression of the city. He believes that personal perception and response to the city is an important factor in urban design. So which elements are the basis of urban space? According to Gilbert, what can be seen in a city are all elements, such as buildings, roads, sketches, plants and lighting; Kevin Lynch thinks that urban image elements include road, District, edge, sign and center. Road: the skeleton of the city. With the connection of road network, the accessibility of the city is improved, and the spatial characteristics of the city are shown one by one. The continuity and direction of the road constitute a simple system of the city. District: a large urban area. A district should have common features and functions, and have obvious differences with other districts, such as residential district, commercial district, teaching District of colleges and universities, suburbs and so on. Edge: the intersection of different zones is the edge. The edge should be visible from a distance and easy to approach, so as to improve its image. For example, a green belt, river bank, mountain peak and high-rise building can form the edge. Logo: it is an impressive outstanding landscape in the city. No matter the size, it can be either a TV tower or a skyscraper, or a street clock, fountain or sculpture. Signs are an important factor in the formation of urban space. Central point: the central point is the center of people's activities, and its spatial environment determines people's ability to identify with the central point. Image element is the skeleton of urban space. In urban space design, we should grasp the main elements and create a unique landscape to arouse people's imagination of the whole city< Thirdly, space syntax studies the rules of words forming sentences and their relationships. Urban design uses this concept to describe how image elements constitute urban space and landscape. Now it has become a specific operation means of urban space and landscape, including the composition principle and basic theory of urban space
(1) applicable principle
Comfort: fully considering the behavior and psychological law of human beings in the urban environment, research and create a convenient, comfortable and comfortable urban living environment
urban beauty: fully consider the bearing capacity and evaluation criteria of sensory and cultural psychology for the city's complex information, and study and create distinctive, connotative, recognizable, harmonious and pleasing urban aesthetic quality. Borrow scenery: the vulgar avoid it, the good receive it, can use add scenery to re create urban space
unity: with the combination of terrain, symmetry, axis, motif, common shape, form and style can be unified
(2) basic theory
whether urban design is to reflect urban aesthetics, or to show the landscape organization of urban space, or to show the axis art of the city, its unique urban composition theory should be used, mainly including three basic theories
figure base theory: figure base theory is to study the relationship between "figure" as architectural entity and "base" as open space. The key lies in the control and composition of the entity and space, as well as the mutual proportional relationship. Figure base theory can turn nothing into existence, turn negative space into positive space, and make open space complete, And through the permeability interface, large space is transformed into small space
connection theory: connection theory is committed to analyzing the "lines" of various elements, emphasizing the linear connection of space, and connecting architecture and space with various connection baselines. In landscape art of the city, g-cullen puts forward the concept of "visual continuity" according to the connection theory. Through "connection", the disordered factors can be organized together to form a clear environment that can arouse people's emotion. Urban linear spatial axis can be formed by connecting lines< Place theory: in the 1960s, place theory graally replaced the traditional pure space theory. Place is a specific environment space occupied by specific people or things, including space, time, activities, social and cultural significance and so on. Place is related to people and events, and the uncertainty of space endows place with different connotations< Fourth, the establishment of high-quality urban space
the city carries the human civilization with its unique charm, and at the same time, the city also reflects the human needs and aspirations. The creation of urban space is different in different periods and different economic strength. High quality urban space is a materialized reflection of people's pursuit of a higher level of spiritual culture when their physiological needs are met. It should be explored and practiced from the aspects of humanization, culture and ecology
(1) humanization
scale and space are the important embodiment of urban humanization. With the development of the city and the progress of the society, the relationship between people has changed from direct face-to-face communication to indirect communication through high-tech information means. People are indifferent, neighborhood communication is poor, and they don't care about each other. The original intimate group environment relationship is weakened, and the moral structure based on these relationships tends to die out, and the bigger the city is, the more serious the situation is. The establishment of high-quality urban communication space can make people obtain cordial, comfortable, joyful and energetic psychological feelings through the mutual connection and influence between environment and behavior, increase people's communication space, shorten the spiritual gap, increase life experience, enhance mutual understanding, subtly change people's life interest in the environment, and improve people's civilized behavior, Rece the moral and criminal problems caused by human indifference< (2) cultural
cities graally lose their own context in the process of renewal“ Cities can't see their own historical inheritance and development track. They are always floating and have no foundation. ". Therefore, the protection and design of cultural relics and scenic spots has become an important part of urban design. They have high artistic charm, and can reflect the local characteristics and style. They have rich cultural connotation and can fully reflect the continuity of the times. Urban design should look for the differences and characteristics of different regions and different levels, study their characteristics, and explore the differences of location and location by combining the image characteristics, spatial levels and structural relations with the specific urban land use functions. The deep exploration of culture is also a kind of cultural expression of social interpersonal ecology. The continuity of context and the protection of historical blocks complement each other. Urban space design is to properly grasp the natural landscape, cultural landscape and social landscape, such as social customs, local conditions and customs, market appearance and national atmosphere. These are the factors that form the characteristics of the city, and also reflect the most active and vital side of the city< (3) Ecologicalization
the development of modern cities and the disorderly expansion of artificial environment have caused unprecedented damage to the natural environment and historical relics. Therefore, in recent years, the architectural planning circle has discussed "people-oriented" and "sustainable development" most. Ecological urban design is to take people as the center, respect the natural and historical context as the criterion, allocate and use resources reasonably, so as to achieve the goal of sustainable development; The concrete methods of urban design are to control the building capacity, reasonably solve the dynamic and static traffic, increase the green open space area, protect and inherit the historical context, organize the perfect walking system and urban public space, and make people live in an ecological city with beautiful environment. American urban designer Ronald Thomas in & lt& lt; In the book, six criteria for urban design evaluation are summarized, one of which is very important: the highest goal of urban design is to provide a suitable living environment for people. Therefore, urban design does not start from the drawing board, but from the study of human needs.

3. 315 virtual trading platform is a liar is a liar, you do not go, I just sold things do not give money

4. Urban design is also known as urban design. Many designers and theorists have their own unique views on the definition of this term. It is generally accepted that "urban design is a discipline that pays attention to urban planning layout, urban appearance, urban function, and especially urban public space". Compared with the abstraction and data of urban planning, urban design is more concrete and graphic; However, since the mid-20th century, urban design in practice mostly provides guidance and reference framework for landscape design or architectural design, which is different from specific landscape design or architectural design. The complex process of urban design focuses on the relationship between the physical arrangement of the city and the social and psychological health of the residents. Through the treatment of physical space and landscape signs, we can create a kind of physical environment, which can not only make the residents feel happy, but also stimulate their community spirit, and can bring the benign development of the whole city. In the past, its research scope and work object were limited to the narrow sense of architecture and city. However, similar to urban planning, landscape architecture and architecture, the category of urban design began to change in the middle of the 20th century. In addition to the increasingly close and complex relationship between urban planning, landscape architecture and architecture, the category of urban design is also graally related to urban engineering, urban economics, social organization theory, urban sociology, environmental psychology, urban planning, landscape architecture and so on Anthropology, political economy, urban history, municipal administration, public management, sustainable development and other knowledge are closely related to practice, so it is a complex comprehensive interdisciplinary discipline
the urban design theory derived from it mainly focuses on the design practice and theoretical development of urban public space. Back to the differences between urban design and regulatory planning, urban design should resolve all kinds of contradictions in three-dimensional urban space coordinates and establish a new three-dimensional morphological system. Regulatory planning (regulatory detailed planning) focuses on two-dimensional plane planning with land area as the medium. Therefore, they show different morphological dimensions
urban design focuses on the combination of various relationships in the city. Urban subsystems, such as architecture, transportation, open space, greening system and cultural relics protection, are cross integrated, connected and infiltrated, which is an integrated system design
urban design has the attribute of artistic creation. It takes the visual order as the media, accommodates the historical accumulation, paves the regional culture, expresses the spirit of the times, and combines with people's perceptual experience to establish a city image and atmosphere with overall structural characteristics and easy to identify
the key problem of regulatory detailed planning is the technical data such as building height, density and floor area ratio, which is still the problem of data balance. For example, the method of rewarding floor area ratio on the ground floor is a typical planning method, while the key point of urban design is building height (different from the height regulation in the planning), outdoor space, street wall interface, the solution of pedestrian and vehicle diversion For example, the "street wall" in the urban design of Shenzhen urban center and the "green axis" in the urban design of Nanjing Hexi new urban center. Back to the difference between urban design and architectural design, urban design deals with the space and time scale much larger than architectural design. It deals with blocks, communities, neighborhoods, and even the whole city (although contemporary urban design rarely covers the whole city, except for the small scale of the city), and its implementation time is mostly set in 15 to 20 years. Compared with architectural design, it only needs to deal with the construction work within a single land area, and it only takes three or five years to complete the building at most. Urban design has a considerable scale difference in space and time
urban design also faces more variables than architectural design. The work scope of general urban design involves urban transportation system, neighborhood identity, open space and pedestrian space organization, etc., and the factors that need to be considered also include climate, society, etc. There are many variables, which make the content of urban design more complex. In addition, the long time required to achieve the urban design plan, the result is that there is a high degree of uncertainty between the urban design scheme and the implementation results
in fact, e to the complexity of factors involved in urban design, the means of urban design are relatively indirect, unlike architectural design, which can directly control indivial buildings. Therefore, the tools and strategies applied in urban design are very different from architectural design. In the practice of urban space planning and design, although both urban planning and urban design deal with urban space problems, the effectiveness of the two areas in practice is very different
the main object of contemporary urban design is "part of the city". A very common situation is that urban design work is embedded in a larger scope and longer-term urban planning work. When the urban planning selects the main functional areas (commercial area, residential area, cultural and ecational area, natural or historical preservation area, etc.) in the urban area, the urban design specialty can take over the work that the urban planning fails to deal with in more detail, that is, to establish the spatial organization and the overall structure of its building volume in each specific area
the spatial scope of urban planning is larger than that of urban design. The spatial scale of urban planning not only goes beyond the zoning of the city, but also involves the overall composition of the whole city and the relationship between the city and other surrounding urban villages. Urban planning work often needs to consider the positioning of cities in a larger scope. The larger scope referred to here can refer to urban agglomerations, "regions" (regions identified from the perspective of Regional Planning), provinces, States, countries, and even international political and economic networks, which are often less focused on in urban design
for example, when dealing with urban transportation system, urban design often faces the problem of the relationship between bus station or rail and community, such as how to make it convenient and safe for community residents to travel to and from the home and bus station, the service function of bus station in community life and other social implications, how to construct the harmonious relationship between light rail and community landscape, and The obstruction and prevention of public transport to community life, etc; On the other hand, urban planning majors often need to consider other cities, suburbs or villages served by mass transit routes, as well as the overall social phenomenon resulting from the connection between these areas and cities through mass transit routes< There are some differences between urban design and urban planning in other aspects: urban design does not need to determine the land use of urban districts among conflicting urban functions, which is the core work of urban planning. Urban design professionals are less involved in the political process of urban policy-making than urban planning professionals. Urban planning professionals and urban design professionals need to face a wide range of social, cultural and substantive space planning and design issues. The main differences lie in the object, scale, degree, etc.

5. The specific definition of urban design (also known as urban design, English urban design) in the architectural field usually refers to the design work with the city as the research object, which is between urban planning, landscape architecture and architectural design. Compared with the abstraction and data of urban planning, urban design is more concrete and graphic; However, since the mid-20th century, urban design in practice mostly provides guidance and reference framework for landscape design or architectural design, so it is different from specific landscape design or architectural design
urban design focuses on the combination of various relationships in the city. Urban subsystems, such as architecture, transportation, open space, greening system and cultural relics protection, are cross integrated, connected and infiltrated, which is an integrated system design
urban design has the attribute of artistic creation. It takes the visual order as the media, accommodates the historical accumulation, paves the regional culture, expresses the spirit of the times, and combines with people's perceptual experience to establish a city image and atmosphere with overall structural characteristics and easy to identify
the key problem of regulatory detailed planning is the technical data such as building height, density and floor area ratio, which is still the problem of data balance. For example, the method of rewarding floor area ratio on the ground floor is a typical planning method, while the key point of urban design is building height (different from the height regulation in the planning), outdoor space, street wall interface, the solution of pedestrian and vehicle diversion For example, the "street wall" in the urban design of Shenzhen urban center and the "green axis" in the urban design of Nanjing Hexi new urban center. Back to the difference between urban design and architectural design, urban design deals with the space and time scale much larger than architectural design. It deals with blocks, communities, neighborhoods, and even the whole city (although contemporary urban design rarely covers the whole city, except for the small scale of the city), and its implementation time is mostly set in 15 to 20 years. Compared with architectural design, it only needs to deal with the construction work within a single land area, and it only takes three or five years to complete the building at most. Urban design has a considerable scale difference in space and time
urban design also faces more variables than architectural design. The work scope of general urban design involves urban transportation system, neighborhood identity, open space and pedestrian space organization, etc., and the factors that need to be considered also include climate, society, etc. There are many variables, which make the content of urban design more complex. In addition, the long time required to achieve the urban design plan, the result is that there is a high degree of uncertainty between the urban design scheme and the implementation results
in fact, e to the complexity of factors involved in urban design, the means of urban design are relatively indirect, unlike architectural design, which can directly control indivial buildings. Therefore, the tools and strategies applied in urban design are very different from architectural design. In the practice of urban space planning and design, although both urban planning and urban design deal with urban space problems, the effectiveness of the two areas in practice is very different
the main object of contemporary urban design is "part of the city". A very common situation is that urban design work is embedded in a larger scope and longer-term urban planning work. When the urban planning selects the main functional areas (commercial area, residential area, cultural and ecational area, natural or historical preservation area, etc.) in the urban area, the urban design specialty can take over the work that the urban planning fails to deal with in more detail, that is, to establish the spatial organization and the overall structure of its building volume in each specific area
the spatial scope of urban planning is larger than that of urban design. The spatial scale of urban planning not only goes beyond the zoning of the city, but also involves the overall composition of the whole city and the relationship between the city and other surrounding urban villages. Urban planning work often needs to consider the positioning of cities in a larger scope. The larger scope referred to here can refer to urban agglomerations, "regions" (regions identified from the perspective of Regional Planning), provinces, States, countries, and even international political and economic networks, which are often less focused on in urban design
for example, when dealing with urban transportation system, urban design often faces the problem of the relationship between bus station or rail and community, such as how to make it convenient and safe for community residents to travel to and from the home and bus station, the service function of bus station in community life and other social implications, how to construct the harmonious relationship between light rail and community landscape, and The obstruction and prevention of public transport to community life, etc; On the other hand, urban planning majors often need to consider other cities, suburbs or villages served by mass transit routes, as well as the overall social phenomenon resulting from the connection between these areas and cities through mass transit routes< There are some differences between urban design and urban planning in other aspects: urban design does not need to determine the land use of urban districts among conflicting urban functions, which is the core work of urban planning. Urban design professionals are less involved in the political process of urban policy-making than urban planning professionals. Urban planning professionals and urban design professionals need to face a wide range of social, cultural and substantive space planning and design issues. The differences mainly lie in the differences of object, scale and degree< br />

6. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen are all OK
if you just come out to be a designer, you must go to these four big cities. The more developed a city is, the more it needs taste and design. At the same time, these four cities represent the best design level of the mainland, which is very helpful for you to accumulate experience

after 6.7 years, you can move to some small and medium-sized cities in the second, third and fourth tier.

7. China's "urban planning law" stipulates that urban planning is divided into two stages: general planning and detailed planning. Before the preparation of the master plan, the people's Government of the city shall organize the formulation of the outline of the urban plan, and put forward principled opinions on the H standard, direction and content of the urban development as the basis of the master plan. Large and medium-sized cities can draw up zoning plans on the basis of overall plans according to their needs; Detailed planning can be divided into two steps: regulatory detailed planning and constructive detailed planning. The work content of each stage of urban planning is as follows:
(1) the content of urban planning outline
I. demonstrate the technical and economic basis and development conditions of urban development
2. Draw up urban economic and social development goals
3. Demonstrate the strategic position of the city in the region, and determine the urban layout of the city in principle
4. Demonstrate and determine the nature, scale, overall layout and development direction of the city in principle
the results of the outline are mainly written, supplemented by schematic drawings, with a scale of 1 / 25000-1 / 100000< (2) the main contents of urban master planning
1. Make reasonable and comprehensive arrangements for the urban system, transportation system, infrastructure, ecological environment and the development of scenic tourism resources within the jurisdiction of the city and county
2. Determine the scale of urban entrance and land use in the planning period, and delimit the scope of urban planning area
3. Determine the development direction and layout structure of urban land, and determine the location of city, district and central area
4. Determine the structure and layout of the city's external transportation system, prepare the urban transportation and road system planning, determine the urban road grade and the form of road system, square, parking lot and intersection
5. Determine the overall layout and comprehensive coordination of urban water supply, drainage, flood control, power supply, communication, gas, heating, fire protection, environmental protection, sanitation and other facilities
6. Determine the governance, development goals and overall layout of urban river and lake water system and greening system
7. Make plans for civil air defense, earthquake resistance and disaster prevention
8. Determine the nature reserves, scenic spots, cultural relics, traditional blocks, delimit the scope of protection and control, and put forward protection measures
9. Protection plans should be made for historical and cultural cities at all levels
10. Determine the principles, methods and steps of urban renewal and land use adjustment, and put forward the requirements and measures to control the population density of the old city
11. Make overall arrangements for rural residential areas, township enterprises, vegetable land, animal husbandry, forestry, fruit land and non-staple food bases in the planning area, and delimit green belt and isolation zone
12. Carry out comprehensive technical and economic demonstration, and put forward the implementation steps and methods of the plan
13. Prepare the short-term construction plan
the master plan documents include the planning text and attachments, the planning description and the attachments of basic data
the drawings include urban status map, urban system planning map, urban master planning map, road traffic planning map, professional planning map and recent construction planning map
drawing scale: 1 / 10000-1 / 25000 for large and medium-sized cities, 1 / 5000-1 / 10000 for small cities, and 1 / 50000-1 / 100000 for urban system planning< (3) urban system planning content of city and county
1. Find out the basic situation of city and county, analyze development conditions, advantages and constraints, and put forward development strategies and goals
2. The prediction of urbanization level and path of city and county; The scale structure, function division and spatial distribution of urban system; The key points of recent development and the layout of proctive forces are put forward
3. Determine the development goals and layout of regional infrastructure
4. Put forward technical and economic policies and measures to implement the plan< (4) the main content of zoning planning is to determine the nature of land use, population distribution and capacity control index of construction land
2. Determine the distribution and land use scope of municipal and district public facilities
3. Determine the red line position, section, control point coordinates and elevation of urban main and secondary roads, as well as the location and control range of intersections, squares and parking lots
4. Determine the green system, water surface of rivers and lakes, high-voltage wire corridor, external transportation facilities, land boundary of scenic spots, and the protection scope of cultural relics and traditional blocks, and put forward the protection requirements of space form
5. Determine the location, direction, diameter and service scope of the main pipeline, as well as the location and land use scope of the main engineering facilities
zoning planning documents include planning text and attachments, planning description and basic data income attachments
the drawings include planning zoning map, zoning status map, zoning land use planning map and various professional planning maps. The drawing scale is 1 / 5000< (5) the main contents of the detailed planning
1. The contents of the regulatory detailed planning
(1) the control indexes of the boundary and scope of application, building height, building density and floor area ratio of various types of land in the planning area shall be determined in detail; It is required to specify the types of buildings suitable for, unsuitable for and conditional for construction in various types of land, as well as the location of traffic entrances and exits, and the distance of building red line
(2) determine the red line position, section, control point coordinates and elevation of all levels of branch roads
(3) determine the direction and diameter of engineering pipelines and the land boundary of engineering facilities< (4) formulate corresponding land use and construction management rules
regulatory documents include land use and construction management rules and attachments, planning instructions and basic information, and income attachments
the drawings include the status quo map of the planning scope and the regulatory planning map. The drawing scale is 1 / 1000-1 / 2000< (1) analysis of construction conditions and comprehensive technical and economic demonstration; (2) spatial layout, landscape planning and design of buildings and green space General layout plan
(3) planning and design of road system
(4) planning and design of greening system
(5) planning and design of engineering pipeline
(6) vertical planning and design
(7) estimation of engineering quantity, demolition quantity and total cost, analysis of investment benefit
detailed planning documents for construction are planning and design instructions
the drawings include the status quo map of the planning scope, the general planning plan, the professional planning map, the vertical planning map, and the perspective map reflecting the planning and design intention.