Is virtual currency trading volume high or low

1. That is, how many virtual currencies have been traded today, and how much is the total transaction amount

2.

It is difficult to avoid the typical risks related to the payment system. In a specific virtual community, virtual currency payment activities have evolved into a "real" payment system, facing the typical risks related to the payment system: credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk and legal risk. The nature, scale and ration of these risks largely depend on the design of the system or the degree of lack of liquidity. It is difficult for the network virtual currency scheme to avoid or control these risks. According to the core principles of important payment system (CP) issued by the bank for International Settlements (BIS), the network virtual currency scheme does not conform to most of the contents of CP, and does not belong to the systemically important payment system. Therefore, it will not cause or transmit shocks to the global financial system. At present, there is no systematic risk in the network currency system outside these virtual communities

2. Lack of corresponding supervision and protection mechanism

in the real economy, the central bank plays the role of lender of last resort and there is no default risk, so it can take actions in the case of payment crisis or unpredictable liquidity shortage to avoid chain reaction. In the network virtual currency scheme, network currency is not the settlement asset. Because network currency simply depends on the credibility of the issuer, it can not be widely accepted as a means of payment, so network currency can not be regarded as a safe currency. In addition, commercial banks are required to accept prudential supervision, which reces the possibility of default. The security of money in commercial bank accounts is higher than that of network currency. A fundamental risk of network currency is that the settlement institution of network currency scheme is not subject to any supervision, no institution is responsible for its behavior, and there is no investor / depositor protection mechanism, which causes the user to bear all the risks

(4) risk of absence of supervision generally speaking, supervision lags behind the development of science and technology. The network virtual currency program was established in the late 1990s, but it was not until 2006 that some government agencies in the United States began to analyze these programs. Due to the lack of supervision and the anonymity, invisibility and difficulty in tracking of its transactions, the network virtual currency scheme is easily used by terrorist activities, fraud, money laundering and other illegal activities. At present, many government departments in many countries are considering whether to recognize or legalize these virtual schemes and bring them into the scope of supervision, so as to support the innovation of currency and payment forms, protect consumers' rights and interests and financial stability, and restrain the use of virtual currency schemes to engage in criminal activities. At present, the uncertainty of the legal status of the virtual currency scheme may also bring challenges to the government authorities

The reputation of Monetary Authority (central bank) is the key factor to determine the effectiveness of its policies, especially monetary policy. The public's trust in fiat money is closely related to the image of the central bank, which pays close attention to its reputation. The ECB will define reputation risk as the risk of deterioration of reputation, credit or public image. As the network currency scheme is related to money and payment, it is generally believed that it belongs to the responsibility of the central bank, so it is necessary to guard against the reputation risk it may bring to the central bank. Although in the case of small scale, the impact of the failure of the network currency scheme is limited, its high volatility and instability also increase the possibility of failure and attract extensive media coverage. If the network currency is allowed to develop continuously without regulation, the central bank may be regarded as dereliction of ty and affect its reputation

Compared with the exchange value, the public has a higher recognition of the investment value of network virtual currency, and it is the transaction based on investment that accelerates the formation of virtual currency market. Like other investment markets, the participants of virtual money market will also face the potential losses caused by market risk, credit risk and policy risk. Take the bitcoin as an example: from 2009 to the beginning of 2010, bitcoin was worthless; In the summer of 2010, bitcoin trading began to enter the golden age. Because the supply was far less than the demand, the value of online trading began to rise. In early November, bitcoin was silent at 29 cents for many days, and then jumped to 36 cents; In February 2011, the bitcoin continued to appreciate, and its exchange rate with the US dollar reached 1:1; In 2013, the bitcoin price achieved a "Big Bang" growth, and hit US $1242 on November 29, 2013, exceeding the gold price of US $1241.98/oz in the same period. Fierce price fluctuations make market participants face huge speculative risks

unlike mature capital markets such as stocks and bonds, bitcoin market is not deep enough, and it is mainly held in the hands of large investors with low degree of diversification. Bitcoin price is easily affected by large investors' trading behavior and controlled by speculators. At the same time, different countries have different attitudes towards bitcoin. Germany, the United States and other countries hold an open and supportive attitude. Thailand, Brazil and other countries regard bitcoin related activities as illegal. Every country's attitude and measures will have a significant impact on its price, especially in the short term

3. In the final analysis, e-money is just conceptual money information. It is actually a special information composed of a group of data including the user's identity, password, amount, scope of use, etc., so it can also be called digital money; E-money is the virtualization of the value scale of real money and the function of payment means. It is a kind of money without monetary entity. Electronic currency is a kind of invisible currency based on highly developed electronic technology; It can be used to represent the currency value of various amounts in reality. With the transformation from paper-based economy to digital economy, e-cash will become the mainstream, which can be paid on the Internet or through other electronic communication methods. This kind of currency has no physical form and is the holder's financial credit.
whether electronic currency can be called currency depends on whether electronic currency can independently perform the function of currency. At present, e-money can play the role of payment and settlement, but e-money is only a quasi currency that may perform the function of currency.
e-money can be divided into two types: one is e-cash based on the Internet environment and keeps the binary data representing the value of money in the hard disk of the computer terminal; One is the electronic wallet that keeps the monetary value in the IC card and can be circulated without the bank payment system
therefore, from an economic point of view, the use of e-money can indeed rece the circulation of paper money

4. It is calculated according to the number of currencies. For example, when the price of bitcoin is 20000 US dollars, 20000 US dollars is one and 10000 US dollars is 0.5 transaction volume. The same is true for other currencies

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6. Shenzhen Shekou Ferry to Macau about an hour.

7. It's almost an hour away. After passing the customs, you can take the Venetian bus from Macao to the downtown for free.

8. 1. Shekou can only reach Zhuhai Jiuzhou Port
2. When you get to Jiuzhou Port, take bus No.12 (2 yuan) to the south of the tunnel
(if it's a taxi, go directly to Gongbei port, about 20 yuan)
3. If you pass in Gongbei, take No.32, No.35, No.33, No.11 (2 yuan) in the south of the tunnel...
get off at China Resources Wanjia, turn your back to the bus and walk to the port on your left
or get off at Zhuhai station of urban rail transit, and the port is on your left side
just walk through Gongbei pass and Macao pass, but there is a long line! Macao used to be closed
4. If you want to get through the customs quickly (usually you don't have to wait in line), take No.14 bus (3 yuan) to Hengqin port in the south of the tunnel
it takes about 60 to take a taxi.
the Hengqin port is on the side of Lianhua Road in Macao
however, you need to wait for the transit bus (3 or 5 yuan, forget, Hong Kong and Macao people can do all three kinds of money) to get to Macau after passing the Hengqin port!

9. When you go ashore, you have to go through the entry formalities. After you leave the dock, you can see that it is the inner harbor area of Macao, while Gongbei of Zhuhai is the land route leading to the port of Macao