What are the classification of mining machines
Vibrating feeder: if the ore is evenly broken, small in size and good in fluidity, swing type or wave type can be selected. It is suitable for elliptical vibration type and directional vibration type
double mass vibrating feeder: the principle of double mass near resonance inertial vibration is adopted. Single row or double row shear rubber springs are arranged at the top and bottom, and the lower pressing plate is connected to the balance body by bolts, and then the left and right side plates are connected with the groove body. It has compact structure, stable starting under constant pressure, and is not affected by the load and jamming of the tank material. The feeding particle size (0-850mm) is large (8-1800t / h). It can be equipped with stepless frequency converter to realize frequency conversion feeding and batching, and remote microcomputer operation and control
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crushing equipment
crushing equipment is the mechanical equipment used to crush minerals
crushing operations are usually divided into coarse crushing, medium crushing and fine crushing according to the size of feeding and discharging particles. The commonly used sand and stone equipment include jaw crusher, impact crusher, impact crusher, compound crusher, single stage hammer crusher, vertical crusher, rotary crusher, cone crusher, roller crusher, double roller crusher, two in one crusher, one-time molding crusher, etc
it can be divided into six categories according to crushing mode and mechanical structure characteristics (action principle)
(1) jaw crusher (tiger mouth). The crushing action is that the movable jaw plate periodically presses the fixed jaw plate to crush the ore block sandwiched in it< (2) cone crusher. The ore block is between the inner and outer cones, the outer cone is fixed, and the inner cone swings eccentrically to crush or break the ore block
(3) roller crusher. In the gap between two opposite rotating round rollers, the ore block is mainly crushed continuously, but it also has the function of grinding and stripping, and the toothed roller surface also has the function of splitting
(4) impact crusher. The ore block is broken by the impact of fast rotating moving parts. Belong to this category can be divided into: hammer crusher; Cage crusher; Impact crusher
(5) grinding machine. The ore is crushed by the impact and grinding of grinding medium (steel ball, steel bar, gravel or ore block) in the rotating cylinder
(6) other types of crushers and grinders
mining machinery
mining machinery is the mechanical equipment used for directly mining useful minerals and mining preparation, including: mining machinery for mining metal ores and non-metal ores; Coal mining machinery for mining coal; Oil drilling and proction machinery for oil proction. The first pneumatic disc shearer was designed by the British engineer Walker and manufactured in 1868. In the 1880s, hundreds of oil wells in the United States were successfully drilled by steam powered percussion drilling. In 1907, the roller drill was used to drill oil wells and natural gas wells. Since 1937, it has been used to drill open-pit mines< Mining machinery
the mining machinery used in underground and open-pit mines include: drilling machinery for drilling blastholes; Mining machinery and loading and unloading machinery for mining and loading rocks; Boring machine for drilling raise, shaft and drift< Drilling machinery can be divided into rock drill and drilling machine, and drilling machine can be divided into open-pit drilling machine and underground drilling machine
① rock drill: it is used to drill blastholes with a diameter of 20-100 mm and a depth of less than 20 m in medium hard rock. According to its power, it can be divided into pneumatic, internal combustion, hydraulic and electric rock drills, among which pneumatic rock drill is the most widely used
② surface drilling rig: according to the working mechanism of crushing ore and rock, it can be divided into wire rope percussion drilling rig, down the hole drilling rig, cone drilling rig and rotary drilling rig. Because of the low efficiency, the wire rope percussion drill has been graally replaced by other drills
③ downhole drilling machine: when drilling borehole with diameter less than 150 mm, in addition to rock drill, 80-150 mm small diameter down the hole drill can also be used
roadheader
it is a kind of mechanical equipment for directly crushing ore and rock by using the axial pressure and rotary force of the cutter to roll the rock surface. The cutter used includes disc hob, wedge hob, ball hob and milling cutter. According to the different driving roadway, it is divided into raise boring machine, shaft boring machine and drift boring machine
① raise boring machine is specially used for drilling raise and pass. Generally, it doesn't need to enter the raise for operation. The guide hole is drilled with a cone bit, and the hole is enlarged upward with a reamer composed of disc hobs
② the vertical drilling rig is specially used for drilling a well at one time, which is composed of drilling tool system, rotary device, derrick, drilling tool lifting system and mud circulation system
③ drift digger is a comprehensive mechanized equipment which combines mechanical rock breaking and slag removal and continuously dries. It is mainly used for tunneling in coal roadway, engineering tunnel in soft mine and middle drift with medium hardness and above
coal mining machinery
coal mining operation has developed from semi mechanization in 1950s to comprehensive mechanization in 1980s. Comprehensive mechanized coal mining is widely used in shallow cut double (single) drum combined shearer (or plough), flexible scraper conveyor, hydraulic self moving support and other equipment, so as to realize comprehensive mechanization in crushing, coal dropping, coal loading, transportation, support and other aspects of mining face. The double drum shearer is a coal dropping machine. The motor transmits the power to the screw drum through the cutting part recer, and the movement of the machine is realized by the motor through the driving device of the traction part. There are basically two ways of traction, namely, anchor chain traction and non anchor chain traction. Anchor chain traction is realized by the engagement of the sprocket of the traction part and the anchor chain fixed on the conveyor
oil drilling and proction
onshore oil drilling and proction machinery. According to the proction process, it is divided into drilling machinery, oil proction machinery, workover machinery and fracturing and acidizing machinery to maintain high proction. A complete set of mechanical equipment for drilling or drilling proction wells for the development of oil or natural gas. Oil drilling machine, including derrick, winch, power machine, mud circulation system, pulley system, rotary table, wellhead device and electrical control system. The derrick is used to install crown block, traveling block and hook, lift other heavy objects up and down the drill floor, and hang drilling tools in the well for drilling
mineral processing machinery
mineral processing is a process of selecting useful minerals from the collected mineral raw materials according to the differences of physical, physical and chemical properties of various minerals. The process is called mineral processing machinery. According to the beneficiation process, beneficiation machinery is divided into crushing, grinding, screening, separation (separation) and dewatering machinery. Jaw crusher, rotary crusher, cone crusher, roller crusher and impact crusher are commonly used in crushing machinery. Cylinder mill is the most widely used in grinding machinery, including rod mill, ball mill, gravel mill and ultra-fine laminated autogenous mill. Inertia vibrating screen and resonance screen are commonly used in screening machinery. Hydraulic classifier and mechanical classifier are widely used in wet classification. The commonly used separation flotation machine is full section airlift micro bubble flotation machine, and the well-known dewatering machine is multi frequency dewatering screen tailings dry discharge system. Superfine laminated autogenous mill is more famous in crushing and grinding system<
drying machinery
the special dryer for slime is a new type of special drying equipment developed on the basis of drum dryer, which can be widely used in the drying of slime, raw coal, flotation clean coal, mixed clean coal and other materials in coal instry
2. Drying of blast furnace slag, clay, bentonite, limestone, sand, quartzite and other materials in construction instry
3. Drying of various metal concentrates, waste resie, tailings and other materials in mineral processing instry
4. Drying of non heat sensitive materials in chemical instry.
Crushing equipment is the mechanical equipment used to crush minerals
crushing operations are usually divided into coarse crushing, medium crushing and fine crushing according to the size of feeding and discharging particles. The commonly used sand and stone equipment include jaw crusher, impact crusher, impact crusher, compound crusher, single stage hammer crusher, vertical crusher, rotary crusher, cone crusher, roller crusher, double roller crusher, two in one crusher, one-time molding crusher, etc
it can be divided into six categories according to crushing mode and mechanical structure characteristics (action principle)
(1) jaw crusher (tiger mouth). The crushing action is that the movable jaw plate periodically presses the fixed jaw plate to crush the ore block sandwiched in it< (2) cone crusher. The ore block is between the inner and outer cones, the outer cone is fixed, and the inner cone swings eccentrically to crush or break the ore block
(3) roller crusher. In the gap between two opposite rotating round rollers, the ore block is mainly crushed continuously, but it also has the function of grinding and stripping, and the toothed roller surface also has the function of splitting
(4) impact crusher. The ore block is broken by the impact of fast rotating moving parts. Belong to this category can be divided into: hammer crusher; Cage crusher; Impact crusher
(5) grinding machine. The ore is crushed by the impact and grinding of grinding medium (steel ball, steel bar, gravel or ore block) in the rotating cylinder
(6) other types of crushers and grinders. Drilling machinery is divided into rock drill and drilling rig, and drilling rig is divided into open-pit drilling rig and underground drilling rig
① rock drill: it is used to drill blastholes with a diameter of 20-100 mm and a depth of less than 20 m in medium hard rock. According to its power, it can be divided into pneumatic, internal combustion, hydraulic and electric rock drills, among which pneumatic rock drill is the most widely used
② surface drilling rig: according to the working mechanism of crushing ore and rock, it can be divided into wire rope percussion drilling rig, down the hole drilling rig, cone drilling rig and rotary drilling rig. Because of the low efficiency, the wire rope percussion drill has been graally replaced by other drills
③ downhole drilling machine: when drilling borehole with diameter less than 150 mm, in addition to rock drill, 80-150 mm small diameter down the hole drill can also be used. Using the axial pressure and rotary force of the cutter to roll the rock surface, it is a mechanical equipment for directly crushing ore and rock. The cutter used includes disc hob, wedge hob, ball hob and milling cutter. According to the different driving roadway, it is divided into raise boring machine, shaft boring machine and drift boring machine
① raise boring machine is specially used for drilling raise and pass. Generally, it doesn't need to enter the raise for operation. The guide hole is drilled with a cone bit, and the hole is enlarged upward with a reamer composed of disc hobs
② the vertical drilling rig is specially used for drilling a well at one time, which is composed of drilling tool system, rotary device, derrick, drilling tool lifting system and mud circulation system
③ drift digger is a comprehensive mechanized equipment which combines mechanical rock breaking and slag removal and continuously dries. It is mainly used for tunneling in coal roadway, engineering tunnel in soft mine and middle drift with medium hardness and above
the special dryer for slime is a new type of special drying equipment developed on the basis of drum dryer, which can be widely used in the drying of slime, raw coal, flotation clean coal, mixed clean coal and other materials in coal instry
2. Drying of blast furnace slag, clay, bentonite, limestone, sand, quartzite and other materials in construction instry
3. Drying of various metal concentrates, waste resie, tailings and other materials in mineral processing instry
4. Drying of non heat sensitive materials in chemical instry
there are three main mineral processing processes: flotation, magnetic separation and gravity separation. In addition, there are electric separation, chemical separation and so on. According to the different mineral processing methods, the mineral processing equipment is not the same
flotation equipment mainly includes flotation machine and flotation column; Magnetic separation equipment is mainly magnetic separator; Gravity separation equipment is complex: chute, spiral chute, shaker, jig
auxiliary equipment mainly includes sand pump, mixing tank, dosing machine, etc
the proct treatment equipment is determined according to different procts and different requirements for procts, which can include thickener, filter, dryer, packaging equipment, etc., or it can be as simple as ordinary precipitation method
the tailings are stored in the tailings pond, which can be transported by pump without too much equipment
generally, safety and environmental protection should also be considered. The crushing stage should have st removal equipment, the grinding and flotation stage should have equipment and facilities to prevent leakage, and the safety of tailings pond in flood season should be considered
these are mainly determined by the size and configuration level of the concentrator, which can not be generalized.