Edison's invention of magnetic separator

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once, when it was time to eat, Edison still didn't come back. His parents were very anxious and looked around for him. They didn't find him in the grass shed by the yard until the evening. When his father saw him lying motionless in the grass with a lot of eggs, he asked Edison what he was doing. Little Edison replied that he was hatching chickens. At that time, his father pulled him up with anger and laughter and told others that he could not hatch chickens. On the way home, he was puzzled and asked, "why can't I, when hens can hatch chickens?"

When Edison was a child, he often played in the mill of his neighbor Muir Winchester's house. One day, in Winchester's mill, he saw that Winchester was experimenting with a kind of flying device with a balloon, which fascinated Edison. He thought that if a man's stomach was full of air, he would go up to heaven. A few days later, Edison mixed several kinds of chemical materials together and gave them to his father's assistant, Michael Oates. Edison told Michael Oates that people would fly after eating this kind of food. As a result, Oates almost fainted after eating Edison's "flying agent"

Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan, Ohio and died in West Orange, New Jersey. Inventors, entrepreneurs

Edison was the first person in human history to use the mass proction principle and electrical engineering research laboratory to engage in invention patents, which had a significant and far-reaching impact on the world< br />

2. Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) is a world-famous electrical scientist and inventor in the United States of America. In addition to his invention and contribution in phonograph, electric light, telephone, telegraph, film and other fields, he also has many famous creations and insights in mining, construction, chemical instry and other fields. Edison had about 2000 inventions in his life, which made great contributions to the civilization and progress of mankind<

Edison was also a great entrepreneur. He founded Edison General Electric Company in 1890, whose two main businesses formed the famous general electric company (GE)<

Life

Edison was born on February 11, 1847 in the small town of Milan, Ohio, in the Midwest of the United States of America. His father is a descendant of the Dutch, and his mother, a former primary school teacher, is a descendant of the Scots. When Edison was seven years old, his father lost money in the tile business and moved his family to Fort gratiott, a northern suburb of Huron, Michigan. Soon after he moved here, Edison suffered from scarlet fever, which is believed to be the cause of his deafness. Edison went to school at the age of 8, but after only three months of reading, he was expelled from school by his teacher as an "imbecile". From then on, his mother was his "tutor.". Because of his mother's good ecation method, he became interested in reading“ He not only read extensively, but also read everything at a glance. At the age of 8, he read the works of William Shakespeare and Dickens, the most important playwrights of the English Renaissance, and many important historical books. At the age of 9, he could quickly read more difficult books, such as nature and experimental philosophy by Parker. When I was 10 years old, I loved chemistry. At the age of 11, he experimented with his first telegram. In order to make money to buy chemicals and equipment, he began to work. At the age of 12, he got a job selling newspapers on trains, traveling between Port Huron and Detroit, Michigan. He sells newspapers while doing fruit and vegetable business. Whenever he has time, he goes to the library to read. He bought an old printing press and began to publish his weekly, the herald, the first of which was printed on the train. With the money he earned, he set up a chemical laboratory on the luggage cart. Unfortunately, once a chemical caught fire and he and his equipment were thrown out of the car. Another time, while Edison was trying to get on a freight train, a conctor grabbed his ears to help him get on. This action led Edison to be deaf for life< In August 1862, Edison rescued a boy who was about to die on the track of a train. The father was grateful for this, but he was willing to teach him telegraph technology because he had no money to pay for it. From then on, Edison had a relationship with this mysterious new world of electricity and embarked on the journey of science< In 1863, Edison worked as a telegrapher at Stratford junction station of the main line railway. From 1864 to 1867, he worked as a telegraph operator in the central and western regions and lived a life similar to wandering. The footprints include Stratford, Adrian, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Connecticut, Nashville, Tennessee, Memphis, Louisville and Huron< In 1868, Edison came to Boston as a telegraph operator. In the same year, he obtained the first patent for invention. This is an automatic voting device. Edison thought the device would speed up the work of Congress, and it would be popular. However, one congressman told him that they had no intention of speeding up the agenda and that sometimes voting slowly was out of political need. From then on, Edison decided not to invent anything that people didn't need< In early June 1869, he came to New York to look for a job. While he was waiting for a call in an agent's office, a telegraph broke down. Edison was the only one there who could fix the telegraph, so he got a better job than he expected. In October, he and Popper set up a "Popper Edison Company" to specialize in scientific instruments for electrical engineering. Here, he invented the "Edison universal press". He dedicated the press to the manager of a big Wall Street company. He wanted to ask for $5000, but he didn't have the courage to say it. So he asked the manager to give him a price, and the manager gave him $40000<

Edison used the money to build a factory on ward street in Newark, New Jersey, specializing in various electrical machinery. He works all night. He trained a lot of capable assistants. At the same time, he ran into the diligent Mary Stilwell, his first bride in the future. In Newark, he made such inventions as wax paper and mimeograph. From 1872 to 1875, Edison invented the double Telegraph and quadruple telegraph, and helped others build the world's first English typewriter< In the spring of 1876, Edison moved to "Monroe Park" in New Jersey. He built the first "invention factory" here, which "marks the beginning of collective research". In 1877, Edison improved the telephone invented by Bell and put it into practical use. He also invented his favorite project, the phonograph. Telephone and Telegraph "is a revolution to expand human sensory function"; Gramophone is one of the three great inventions that changed people's lives. "From the perspective of invention imagination, this is his extremely important invention achievement.". By this time, people called him "the magician of Monroe Park"< On October 22, 1879, Edison ignited the first electric lamp with wide practical value. In order to extend the life of the filament, he retested, and tried out more than 6000 kinds of fiber materials before finding a new luminous body, Japanese bamboo silk, which lasted for more than 1000 hours, and achieved a rable purpose. In a way, this invention is the highest achievement of Edison's life. Then he created a power supply system that allowed distant lamps to be distributed from a central power station, a major technological achievement

his first discovery in pure science appeared in 1883. When experimenting with electric lamps, he observed what he called the Edison effect: an electric charge in the lighted bulb passes through space from the hot filament to the cold plate. Edison patented the discovery in 1884, but did not study it further. Other scientists used the Edison effect to develop the electronic instry, especially radio and television

Edison tried to do what the phonograph did for the ear for the eye, and the film camera was born here. Using a new Celluloid film invented by George Eastman, he took a series of photos and projected them onto the screen quickly and continuously, creating the illusion of movement. He first experimented with films in the laboratory in 1889 and patented them in 1891. In 1903, his company proced the first feature film "train robbery". Edison did a lot of work for the formation and standardization of the film instry< After Edison moved his laboratory to West Orange in 1887, he founded many commercial companies to make procts and promote sales for his various inventions; These companies later merged into Edison General Electric Company, later known as general electric company. Since then, his interest has shifted to fluorimetry, ore crushers, magnetic separation of iron, batteries and railway signaling devices< During the first World War, he developed torpedo mechanism, flamethrower and underwater periscope< On October 21, 1929, on the 50th anniversary of the invention of the electric light, people held a grand celebration for Edison. Albert Einstein of the Federal Republic of Germany and Madame Curie of the French Republic congratulated him one after another. Unfortunately, at this celebration, when Edison delivered his reply, he suddenly fainted e to excessive excitement. From then on, his health went from bad to worse. On October 18, 1931, the scientist who had made great contributions to mankind died of illness at the age of 84

Edison's ecation level is very low, but his contribution to mankind is so great. What's the "secret" here? In addition to a curious heart, he has an instinct to test himself, that is, he has the infinite energy and bold spirit of extraordinary hard work. When someone called Edison a "genius", he explained: "genius is two percent inspiration and ninety-eight percent perspiration." In the "invention factory", he organized many people of different professions, including more than 100 scientists, engineers, technicians and workers. Many of Edison's major inventions were successful thanks to this collective force. His achievements are mainly e to his hard work and creative ability as well as the collective strength. In addition, his wife also played a very important role<

chronology of Edison's invention and creation:

he invented the "voting counter" on October 11, 1868 and won the first patent right in his life< In October 1869, we established "pop Edison Company" with friends

in 1870, he invented the general printing press, granted the patent right, and obtained $40000. We set up our own manufacturing plant in New York< From 1872 to 1876, he invented the electric animation mechanical and electrical telegraph, automatic repeating telegraph method, double and quadruple telegraph method, and made wax paper carbon resistor< In 1875, the acoustic analysis resonator was invented< In 1876, the first instrial research laboratory was established in Monroe Park, New Jersey. It is the origination of the concept of modern "research group". Invention of carbon rod transmitter. Patent application for automatic telegraph recorder< In 1877, the telephone invented by Bell was improved in Monroe Park and put into practical use. Obtained three patents: perforated pen, pneumatic iron pen and ordinary iron pen. On August 20, he invented the phonograph, which proved to be Edison's favorite project< In 1878, Edison claimed to solve the problem of electric lighting. The Royal Society of England held a phonograph exhibition. Improved gramophone, design microphone, loudspeaker, sound engine, tuning engine, microcalorimeter, taste meter, etc. On February 19, it won the patent of phonograph. In July, he went to Wyoming with Professor pike of the University of Pennsylvania to observe the total solar eclipse, and measured the temperature of the whole body around the sun with his thermometer. In August, he returned to Monroe Park and re invested in scientific research and experiment. Britain approved Edison's patent application for "VCR". William Wallace, who visited Connecticut in September. He began to study the invention of the electric lamp. A patent application for platinum wire "electric lamp" was filed on October 5

1879-1880

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1. One day in August 1862, Edison saved a boy on the railway track, and the child's father was McKenzie, the station master of the railway station. He was very grateful for this and taught Edison's telegraph technology. Under the guidance of McKenzie, Edison learned the telegraph technology and sent his first telegram

In 1863, Edison was introced by Mackenzie to work as a telegrapher of Stratford junction station on the main line railway, but he was soon dismissed

from 1864 to 1867, Edison worked as a telegraph operator in the United States, living a vagrant life without security. During this period, Edison changed ten working places, five times was removed, and the other five times was his resignation. His footprints included Stratford, Adrian, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, cincincinnati, Nashville, Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee Louisville, Huron

At the end of 1868, Edison came to Boston as a telegraph operator. In the same year, he obtained the first patent for invention, which is a device that automatically records votes. Edison believed that this device would speed up the work of Congress and be popular, But a congressman told him that sometimes voting slowly was also out of political need, so Edison decided never to create inventions that people didn't need

In the late autumn of 1869, Edison came to New York alone to look for a job, but when he was looking for a job in a company, he happened to encounter a telegraph machine there was broken. Edison soon repaired the telegraph machine and was appreciated by the general manager. As a result, he became the chief telegraph technician, and had a stable working environment and salary, It provided good conditions for his later invention

In October of the same year, Edison and Franklin Popper jointly founded "Popper Edison" company, specializing in scientific instruments of electrical engineering, and invented the ordinary printing press at the same time

In 1870, Edison sold the patent right of ordinary printing press to a Wall Street company and asked the manager to make his own price. He wanted to ask several thousand dollars, but the manager gave Edison forty thousand dollars. After Edison got $40000, he built a factory on ward street in Wacker, New Jersey, which specializes in manufacturing all kinds of electrical machinery

In 1873, Edison devoted himself to the study of synchronous transmitter

In December 1874, the research work of synchro transmitter was coming to an end. The western union company promised to pay Edison 5000 US dollars and bid 25000 US dollars for his patent. It also paid him 233 US dollars per day as the cost of each line using this kind of equipment. But the western union company failed to fulfill the contract. Finally, Jay Gould bought the synchro transmitter patent with 30000 US dollars, It brought Edison through

At the end of 1875, Edison was about to have his second child. He felt that the space in his home was too narrow. The narrow gray streets and noisy environment of Newark factory also affected the working mood of the researchers. Edison finally made up his mind to move

In early 1876, the Edison family moved to Monroe Park, New Jersey, where he built a laboratory

Once, when it was time to eat, Edison still didn't come back. His parents were very anxious and looked around for him. They didn't find him in the grass shed by the yard until the evening. When his father saw him lying motionless in the grass with a lot of eggs, he asked Edison what he was doing. Little Edison replied that he was hatching chickens. It turned out that when he saw that hens could hatch chickens, he thought it was very strange and always wanted to try it himself

at that time, his father pulled him up with anger and laughter and told others that he could not hatch chickens. On the way home, he was puzzled and asked, "why can't I, when hens can hatch chickens?"

4. One liang of silver can be exchanged for about 1000-1500 Wen of copper coins. In ancient times, the commonly used term "one Guan coin" or "one Diao coin" is the unit that uses silver as money in ancient costume plays. So how much is one or two pieces of silver? Take a look at the following derivation:

1 basic unit
there were many monetary units in ancient China, which were different from Dynasty to Dynasty, especially before Qin and Han Dynasties. Here we only discuss three basic units:
Yiwen coin (that is, a standard square hole copper coin)
one or two silver
one or two gold
although the above units are different in different dynasties, but at least there is little difference after the Tang and Song Dynasties, so we can get more stable and reliable data
exchange relationship
the exchange ratio of copper, silver and gold, just like the current foreign exchange price, often changes, unlike the one yuan equals 100 points. According to the following description:
"the price ratio of gold and silver rose from 1:8 around 1600 to 1:10 in the middle and late 20th century, and doubled to 1:20 by the end of the 18th century."
it can be seen that 1 liang of gold can be exchanged for 8-11 liang of silver. In the early years of Daoguang, one or two silver coins were exchanged for a crane, that is, one thousand Wen; By the time of the Opium War in the 20th year of Daoguang, one or two silver coins could be exchanged for 16700 RMB. Since Xianfeng, the price of silver has soared, and one or two silver coins can be exchanged for as much as two thousand two hundred and three hundred Wen. "
it can be seen that under normal circumstances, one liang of silver can be exchanged for 1000-1500 Wen of copper coins. In ancient times, one Guan coin or one Diao coin is 1000 Wen<

2 metal price
since the currency made of gold, silver and copper has value itself, and theoretically, the value of currency should be equal to the price of metal, we can answer the question of "how much is one or two silver" through the current price of metal
Kaiyuan Tongbao Tongqian of Tang Dynasty has a diameter of 8 points, 10 pieces weigh 1 liang, and Qianwen weighs 6 Jin and 4 liang; During the reign of emperor Shun of the Qing Dynasty, each copper coin weighed one and two cents and five percent, and then increased to one and four cents, which meant that each thousand Wen weighed eight Jin and twelve Liang. Although the ancient "two" weight units are different, they are about 40 grams, while the "Jin" is about 700 grams. The average weight of each coin is 5g< At present, the price of gold, silver and copper (RMB) is as follows:
Gold: 100 yuan / g
silver: 2 yuan / g
brass: 0.02 yuan / g
the calculation result is: 1 liang Gold: about 4000 yuan, 1 liang silver: about 80 yuan, 1 copper coin (1 coin): about 0.1 yuan

3 grain price

many Historical Monographs directly measure the price of goods through grain price Although it is not very accurate and objective to consider the grain price alone, it should be an extremely important reference. Xiaolin found the following record on the Internet: "the upper white rice (stone) is nine yuan and five Fen

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