What is the miner and what is the pool difficulty
Mine pool refers to:
as the computing level of the whole bitcoin network continues to rise exponentially, a single device or a small amount of computing power can not get the block reward provided by the bitcoin network on the bitcoin network
after the computing power of the whole network has been improved to a certain extent, the low probability of getting rewards has prompted some geeks on "bitcoin talk" to develop a method that can combine a small amount of computing power and operate jointly, and the website established in this way is called "mine pool"
extended data:
the existence of the mine pool reces the difficulty of bitcoin and other virtual digital currency mining, reces the mining threshold, and truly realizes the bitcoin mining concept that everyone can participate in
but its disadvantages are also very obvious, because computing power is connected to the mine pool. As a mine pool, it will have huge computing power resources. In the bitcoin world, computing power represents the bookkeeping right, and computing power is everything. If the computing power of a single mine pool reaches more than 50%, it will be easy to launch 51% attacks against virtual digital currencies such as bitcoin, The consequences are very terrible:
the mine pool can make the mine pool with 49% of the remaining computing power have no harvest, instantly quit the competition and go bankrupt. The mine pool's computing power exceeds 50%. If 51% attack is launched, it will easily occupy all the effective computing power of the whole network
Mining is perhaps one of the most important components of the bitcoin ecosystem. Miners need to solve complex mathematical problems, so as to ensure the smooth implementation of the transaction. These problems are so complex that they are difficult to solve even for extremely powerful computers. Computers need work and luck to solve these mathematical problems, just as miners dig underground. The chance of solving this problem correctly is about one in 13 trillion
bitcoin mining has two purposes. Firstly, by solving mathematical problems, bitcoin miners can verify the transaction information, so as to ensure the security and reliability of bitcoin payment network. Miners are the people who ensure that transactions are accurate and that there is no "double payment."
Secondly, when the computer solves these complex mathematical problems on the bitcoin network, the system will generate new bitcoin, which is similar to the process of mining gold from the ground. The reward is called "block reward", and after the event called "halving", its amount will be periodically halved. The newly discovered concept of bitcoin is an important part of bitcoin protocol. The bitcoin obtained by the miners is brand new and has never been in circulation beforesince miners will eventually sell the bitcoin, it is also an important source of supply and liquidity. As chainalysis reports, many digital currency exchanges rely on miners to receive bitcoin and increase their liquidity. Typically, exchanges get about 88% of bitcoin from other exchanges, and bitcoin miners are the largest source of the remaining percentage. As you can imagine, there is fierce competition between exchanges to receive bitcoin directly from miners
further enlarge the map, most of the mining activities are only carried out in four provinces, the first two provinces are Xinjiang and Sichuan, accounting for nearly half of all bitcoin mining in China. Electricity prices are cheap and the weather is cold in these areas. This helps to keep mining profits and equipment cool ring the 24 / 7 operation and maintenance period of bitcoin mining
but this is nothing new for digital currency issuance. For many years, China has been a major market for bitcoin miners e to its cheap electricity and abundant resources. Bitmain, f2pool and Canaan are all located in China
whether this is a negative or positive message depends on your point of view. But for decentralized, distributed, unlicensed networks, geographic regions across multiple entities are more healthy for the entire ecosystem
PPLNs: (the purest Group Mining) full name is pay per last n shares, which means "pay income according to the past n shares", which means that once all miners find a block, You will allocate the currency in the block according to the proportion of each person's own shares Share means share)
in PPLNs mode, luck is very important. If the mine pool can find many blocks in a day, then everyone's dividend will be very large. If the mine pool can't find any blocks in a day, then everyone will have no income
PPS: pay per share mode --- this mode is to pay for each share immediately. The expenditure comes from the existing bitcoin funds in the mine pool, so it can be withdrawn immediately without waiting for the block generation or confirmation. In this way, the operation behind the scenes of the pool operators can be avoided. This method reces the risk of miners, but transfers the risk to the pool operator. Operators can charge fees to make up for the possible losses caused by these risks
in order to solve the problem that PPLNs sometimes has a high profit and sometimes has no profit, PPS adopts a new algorithm. PPS estimates the daily available mineral resources of the mine pool according to the proportion of your computing power in the mine pool, and gives you basically fixed income every day
do you feel that this is a stable job? In fact, in order to avoid the risk of loss, the PPS model often charges a high handling charge of 7% - 8%< DGM: Double geometric method. It combines PPLNs and geometric reward type, so that the pool operator can avoid part of the risk. The pool operator will collect part of the excavated currency in a short time, and then return it to the miners with normalized value, such as charge and discharge of electric capacity. If you are lucky, you will get less money for each block and more money for poor luck
175btc: the mining node of 175btc works on a shares chain similar to bitcoin blockchain. Because there is no center, it will not be attacked by DOS. Unlike other existing mine pool technologies, each node's working block includes bitcoin paid to the owner of shares in the early stage and the node's own bitcoin. 99% of the reward (50btc + transaction cost) will be distributed equally to miners, and the other 0.5% will be awarded to those who generate blocks
bitcoin home has a detailed introction.
how to mine a mine pool
the location of a mine pool is also very particular. It's not that a mine pool can be built anywhere, but it needs early-stage capital investment. A mine pool is to combine a single mining machine together. Because of the collection of many miners' computing power, the computing power of the mine pool accounts for a large proportion, and the probability of digging bitcoin is higher. The mine pool will distribute rewards according to the contribution value of each equipment
there are many mines all over the world, and the scale of each mine varies from big to small. Generally, small mines no longer have great advantages. Large mines have many miners for mining. For each miner, he can join any mine or join multiple mines at the same time, The first task of the mine pool is to distribute the income to the miners
(1) PPLNs method
this method gathers the shares g by all miners together. Whenever a certain amount of shares is accumulated (generally 30 million shares), the mine pool will allocate the profits of the previous stage to the miners according to the proportion of contribution
in this way, the income of miners depends entirely on the time needed to dig 30 million shares in the mine pool. If you are lucky, you can dig them in a short time, then the income of miners will be more, otherwise it will be less. In return, the pool charges a 3% tax
(2) PPS mode
for users, the income of this mode is relatively stable
the profit mainly depends on the miner's mining speed. As long as the mining speed is stable, the corresponding profit can be obtained, and the profit is real-time, that is, the mine pool will pay the profit for the miner while the miner is running
obviously, every time a block is calculated, the mine pool has paid for all the miners. If the block fails in the subsequent confirmation link, all the losses will be paid by the pool operator. Therefore, this method reces the risk of the miners, but transfers the risk to the pool operator
therefore, usually the ore pool can charge a handling fee to make up for the possible losses caused by these risks. In this mode, the tax of the ore pool is 7.5%
the above is about how to mine. The difficulty of mining has greatly increased, but the mining army is expanding. If the basic equipment does not meet the standard, it will be difficult to gain in the mining instry, because the value of the virtual currency may not be equal to the price of an equipment, and many miners are not just digging bitcoin, Instead, we choose other virtual currencies to mine.
ore pool cost
at present, the allocation modes of ore pool mainly include PPS, PPS +, FPPS, PPLNs and solo mode
in the corresponding allocation method, the mine pool charges part of the income of the miners at a certain rate as the mine pool fee
PPS: the income is stable. As long as the mining machine works normally, there will be income. The income is related to the submitted workload, and has nothing to do with the lucky value of the ore pool and the transaction fee
PPS + (pay per share plus) settlement method is an improvement on the traditional PPS settlement method. Based on the traditional PPS settlement method, the distribution of miners' fees is increased
FPPS: full PPS, which allocates all block income including transaction fees. Compared with the traditional PPS settlement mode (no transaction fee allocation), it can increase the income by 10% - 20%
under the PPLNs (pay per last n shares) settlement mode, every effective block found in the ore pool is allocated according to the proportion of user computing power in the pool computing power in the past n difficulty cycles. In this way, the income of miners is related to the output of ore pool. The income of miners is unstable, but the long-term average income is higher
in solo settlement mode, all the income is distributed to the miners who dig out the block, and other miners do not participate in the distribution. The mine pool charges very little handling charge, which is used for the operation and maintenance of the mine pool< How to choose a mine pool:
1< Secondly, choose your distribution mode, pursue stability or high income. It is generally recommended to choose PPS or PPLNs of large ore pool< Finally, according to the distribution mode, select the supported ore pool, and choose the one with fast connection speed and good income
4. In addition, 1-2 spare ore pools are selected for emergency use.
the mining pool is the necessary infrastructure for the exploitation of P2P cryptography virtual currency such as bitcoin (digital currency). It is generally an open team mining server. Its significance is to improve the stability of bitcoin mining and stabilize the miners' salary. At present, the most powerful mining pools in the world are f2pool, antpool, BW pool, BTCC pool and bitfury. Except for bitfury, the rest are from China
with more and more people participating in mining, the computing power of bitcoin network is rising, and it is difficult for a single device or a small amount of computing power to dig bitcoin again. At this time, the mine pool was born
operation principle of bitcoin mine pool
the ore pool is responsible for information packaging, and the access mine is responsible for competing for bookkeeping rights
e to the collection of the computing power of many miners, the computing power of the mine pool accounts for a large proportion, and the probability of digging bitcoin is higher
for example
suppose 1 million people participate in bitcoin mining, and the whole network has 400p computing power, of which 90% of the miners have less than 1p (1000t) computing power. If a 1t miner is put into operation, it will account for 1.400000 of the whole network's computing power. Theoretically, every 400000 10 minutes can dig a block, that is, only 7.6 years can dig a block, and then get 50 bitcoins at a time
then, if I find another 9 miners with 1t dynamometer and reach an agreement, we will have a total of 10 people, and any one of them will be divided equally according to the proportion of each person's computing power, then we are a whole. With a total of 10t computing power, we can dig a block in 0.76 years on average, Then we have five bitcoins mined in 0.76 years. What if we organize 100 people, 1000 people, 10000 people or even 100000 people
if it is 100000 people, I can dig one block in 100 minutes on average. As a member of the team, my income will tend to be stable
this is the basic principle of the mine pool, that is, everyone forms a team to mine bitcoin, you can refer to the "buy together" in the lottery
of course, the above is only a simple description of the basic principles and properties of the ore pool, and the actual situation will be very complicated
the ore pool is a fully automatic mining platform, that is, the ore machine is connected to the ore pool to provide computing power and obtain profits
the bitcoin reward generated by mining in the mine pool will be distributed according to the proportion of each miner's contribution to computing power
compared with single mining, adding to the ore pool can obtain more stable income
I hope this answer will help youMining is the use of bitcoin mining machine, which is used to earn bitcoin
one of the ways to get bitcoin is that users download software from personal computer and then run specific algorithm to get corresponding bitcoin after communicating with remote server
bitcoin is a kind of virtual currency. Bitcoin mining system is the process of carrying out mathematical operation for bitcoin network through computer hardware. Miners who provide services can get a reward, because the network reward is calculated according to the tasks completed by miners, so the competition for mining is very fierce
mining is actually a competition of performance and equipment. The mining machine composed of many graphics cards, even if it's only hd6770, can surpass the single graphics card of most users
and this is not the most terrible. Some mining machines are made up of more such graphics card arrays. When dozens or even hundreds of graphics cards come together, the graphics card itself costs money. Considering the hardware price and other costs, there is a considerable expenditure in mining
bitcoin mining process:
1. To find the ore pool
to start mining, there must be a ore pool with convenient operation and stable output. Its function is to subdivide the data packets for each terminal, and pay the corresponding amount of bitcoin according to the proportion of the data packets calculated by the terminal through precise algorithm
2. Download bitcoin miner (software)
in fact, there are many kinds of this miner, you can go to the official website to download
3. Setting mining software is a green software. After installation, we can set the language first to facilitate further setting. Next, you need to set the server, user name, password, equipment and so on. Generally, the server chooses a better network from BTC guide series, and the user name and password are set by ourselves before
4, bitcoin mining start
when we confirm that all settings are correct, click the "start mining" button to start bitcoin mining, and then the graphics card will soon enter the full speed running state, the temperature and fan speed will increase, you can monitor the state through gpu-z or graphics card driver