Income of lanmenluo mine pool

mining: that is, bitcoin mining, is a process of using computer hardware to calculate the location of bitcoin and obtain it

You can't dig in a day. It takes 2000 years

the global unified computing difficulty of bitcoin is 2621404453 (expected to change in two days). It takes more than 2000 years for a 2.5GHz CPU to work out a bitcoin

in order to make the graphics card fully loaded for a long time, the power consumption will be quite high, and the electricity bill will be higher and higher. Many professional mines at home and abroad are operated in areas with extremely low electricity charges, such as hydropower stations, while more users can only mine at home or in ordinary mines, so the electricity charges are not cheap. Even in a certain residential area in Yunnan, there was a case of crazy mining, which led to a large area trip of the residential area, and the transformer was burned

extended data:

bitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of bitcoin network distributed accounting system

bitcoin network will automatically adjust the difficulty of mathematical problems, so that the whole network can get a qualified answer about every 10 minutes. Then bitcoin network will generate a certain amount of bitcoin as block reward to reward the person who gets the answer

when bitcoin was born in 2009, block rewards were 50 bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first 50 bitcoins were generated, and the total amount of money at this time is 50. Then bitcoin grew at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the block reward will be halved to 25

when the total amount reaches 15.75 million (5.25 million new output, i.e. 50% of 1050), the block reward will be further halved to 12.5. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to about 21 million

IPFs is a file transfer protocol similar to http. If IPFs wants to run, it needs many computers (storage devices) in the network as nodes. In a broad sense, all participating computers can be called IPFs mining machines

in order to attract more users to join the IPFs network and contribute to the network, an encryption currency named filecoin is designed, which is distributed to the participants (nodes) as a reward according to the amount of contributed storage space and bandwidth. In a narrow sense, the computer specially designed for the purpose of obtaining the filecoin reward is called IPFs mining machine

because IPFs network needs storage space and network bandwidth, in order to obtain the highest profit ratio, IPFs mining machine usually strengthens the storage space and reces the power consumption of the whole machine. For example, more than 10 high-capacity hard disks are equipped, Gigabit or higher speed network cards are equipped, and ultra-low power architecture processors are used

of course, the mining machine provides storage services, so it can obtain revenue. The size of revenue is related to the configuration of mining machinery and the number of IPFs mining machinery

extended data

the reasons why it is not recommended to invest in IPFs are as follows:

1. IPFs technology is too early to be commercialized

IPFs now takes up a lot of bandwidth. IPNs is very slow at present, which is an obvious technical defect. It will be very difficult to realize dynamic web pages only through IPFs

as a very cumbersome decentralized protocol, it is difficult for users to share files autonomously and spontaneously. In addition, even if users share files into the protocol, the files will be completely open and users cannot delete files effectively, so the security of valid files is threatened

the solution is to introce encryption and blockchain incentive mechanism. At the same time, it solves the security and storage power problems of files. However, as mentioned before, any node with workload proof under blockchain incentive mechanism will face an economic problem of continuous power on state

IPFs is quite limited, and the project interaction speed realized by IPFs protocol is also very slow. Of course, it has a direct relationship with the number of nodes and the distance of calling

When bitcoin nodes connect with each other, they will get transactions they don't have from each other. But because bitcoin has accumulated a large number of transactions for a long time, it is very difficult for two nodes to compare which transactions you are missing / which transactions I am missing one by one

to solve this problem, Nakamoto Tsung invented the important technology of block chain. Nodes use blocks to synchronize transactions, which ensures the data consistency of all nodes, and ensures the uniqueness of the blockchain by competing for block packing rights (that is, mining)

① a block and blockchain
a packet formed by a transaction over a period of time is called a block. On average, bitcoin generates a block every 10 minutes, and each block is linked to the previous block to form a blockchain

② the transaction data is synchronized with the block as a unit
the block is numbered from 1, so after node a connects with node B, it is convenient to synchronize the transaction data as long as the block number height of both parties is checked. For example, if node A's own block height is 100 and node B's block height is 110, all it needs to do is request B to synchronize the 10 blocks 101-110<

③ reward for packed blocks
in order to ensure that there are nodes to pack bitcoin transactions, bitcoin rules stipulate that nodes of packed transactions will receive bitcoin as reward
A. part of the package reward comes from the transaction fee paid by the transaction creator (100-1000 transaction fee per KB)
B. the other part comes from the initial distribution of 21 million bitcoins. At the beginning, the reward is 50 bitcoins for each block. After that, the reward will be halved for every 210000 blocks (about four years). Until about 2140, the reward for each block is less than 1, and the total reward for each block is 21 million bitcoins, This is the source of the total amount of 21 million bitcoins (2099999.97690000 to be exact)
after 2140, the package reward will only come from the transaction fee paid by the transaction creator<

④ competition for block packing right
node packing transaction only needs to consume very low-cost network and computing resources. The existence of packing reward (at present, the packing reward for each block is 25 bitcoin, about 40000 yuan), makes a large number of nodes want to pack transactions. In order to ensure the uniqueness of the blockchain, bitcoin rules stipulate that nodes use a method similar to "coin tossing" to compete for the right of transaction packaging. Nodes constantly toss coins. Whoever first throws the results that meet the rules will get the right to pack the transaction in this block, as well as the package reward of this block

At the end of March this year, bitmainland launched an ant miner X3 based on ASIC, which is mainly aimed at Monroe coin (XmR) and cryptonight algorithm dependent cryptocurrency. Monroe coin immediately issued a counter statement that it will change the core algorithm to fight against the invasion of ASIC computing power

what would be the result if it appeared in the world of digital cryptocurrency? That is, the wrong calculation results may be brought into the whole network without being discovered

after all, the "calculation" in the field of crypto digital currency is not as simple as 1 + 2 + 3. You can't compare paper currency with special currency by hand

the practical significance of computing power monopoly in mainland China

we have learned about attacks based on 51% computing power in various articles

but the reality is that although the global power of 78% was in Chinese mainland, fortunately, they were scattered in different pools and controlled by different people. p>

although all POW based cryptocurrencies have the risk of being attacked by 51%, few people can really launch attacks e to the dispersion of computing power

but what if the miners themselves don't want to attack, but the mining machinery manufacturers attack

still using the analogy just now, although each miner subjectively wants to do the problem checking independently, their calculator is manipulated remotely and gives consistent wrong answers. This may pose a great threat to digital cryptocurrency

however, the manufacturer with the absolute voice of mining machinery had such a problem in mainland China

in April 2017, the back door of antbled came out. Although this is described as a "vulnerability" in Chinese, antbled is more like a function that has been implemented and designed

anonymous people found that after an ant miner made by bitmainland was connected to the network, it would communicate with a domain name held by bitmainland on a regular basis and return the miner's serial number, MAC address and IP address to bitmainland's server. If the server of bitcontinent gives a negative signal, the miner will stop running

although bitcontinental responded that they could not shut down any mining machines that did not belong to them. However, the bitcoin core team has proved in experiments that this function has no verification. Anyone can shut down mining machines by forging DNS - but it also means that bitcoin mainland has the ability to shut down any sold mining machines

, bitcontinent fixed this "loophole", but it caused heated discussion in the community. This has also set the tone that almost all pow blockchain communities are biased against mainland China

a few months later, under the leadership of bitcontinent, viabtc g out the first block and made a hard bifurcation with the blockchain of bitcoin. From then on, bitcoin BCH (bitcoin cash) appeared in the world

will the monopoly of mining machinery destroy the distributed system

facing this problem, we should have a clear answer now. That is, the monopoly of mining machinery will certainly affect the safe operation of pow digital cryptocurrency

the problem is not whether bitcontinental and its founder Wu Jihan are trustworthy, but that one of the values of any blockchain system is to operate safely without trust in any single company or indivial

even if the ASIC miner is not monopolized by bitmainland, the ASIC miner itself will increase the concentration of computing power

the ASIC used for mining has great requirements for ventilation, power and site, and has no use except for mining. At the same time, the calculation difficulty of the whole network is increased e to the powerful computing power

as a result, it is very difficult for external players to start mining in the next software on the computer as they did five years ago. And the recent centralized exchange is caused by frequent black incidents, which also proves that concentration in this unregulated market will definitely lead to insecurity

assuming that the bitcoin network runs on top of one million miners, no one can shut it down. And if the bitcoin network runs on 20 large mines, it's much easier to shut it down

and by the end of 2017, 78% of the effort was concentrated in mainland China, which led to a real possibility of Chinese mainland regulators' launching a deadly attack against the special currency. p>

moreover, most of the scenarios of using digital cryptocurrency are related to "decentralization". Once centralized, it means that these scenarios no longer exist. It turns a project that might have value into a pure waste of computing power

first of all, as the project side, it may be time to give up the pure POW mechanism. In fact, in many projects of issuing cryptocurrency, especially in asset securitization projects. Similar to the concept of stock in the real world, POS itself is more reasonable than pow

in the media that don't know about blockchain, we often hear such words as "bitcoin wastes a lot of computing power and has no value", which is reasonable to some extent. It is difficult for a POW based blockchain to bind the value of the project itself to the issued digital cryptocurrency - because the real value behind the price of the currency does not come from the project, but from the cost of maintaining computing power

and the hybrid mode of pow + POS is more like the future. In the hybrid mode, both coin holders and miners can participate in the major decisions of this community. If a decision is widely accepted, the blockchain will be soft forked to the latest state without excessive intervention of developers, and there will be almost no private resistance of miners or mining machines

secondly, as a retail miner, if you are still digging a pure POW mechanism currency, you should unconditionally support the bifurcation activities initiated by the community to resist the ASIC mining machine, even if it will lead to the failure of your mining machine

this may sound contradictory, but in the long run, it is better to promote the reform of the community and get more benefits in a currency controlled by the monopoly of computing power. Because in many conflicts between computing power and community in the past, the ultimate result is that the computing power owner will forcibly keep the old algorithm to hard fork the blockchain

just like Eth and etc, the classic Ethereum (etc), which belongs to the computing power master, has lost the support of developers and become an air coin with no vitality and impossible to develop applications

as a retail leek, you should be careful to trade the non mainstream digital currencies (except bitcoin) supported by bitmainland mining machinery, so as to avoid falling into a blockchain in which bitmainland controls the computing power completely

finally, if you are bitcontinent, what should you do

bitcontinent's goal is to become Intel, AMD and NVIDIA, make greater contributions to the whole computer instry, and become a great company, not just entangled in the immediate interests of mining

Wall Street financiers have long seen through the violence brought about by NVIDIA's video card mining. The rise and fall of the company's stock price has been consistent with the price of bitcoin, and even affected by the digital currency market. Citron, a well-known short seller, has recently been bearish on NVIDIA, arguing that the company has focused too much on providing services for digital currency miners rather than on serious businesses such as artificial intelligence, games and driverless driving

the mission of chip manufacturers is to provide more powerful chips to drive more intelligent services, and finally contribute to the real world, rather than become monopoly tycoons in the virtual world. When we no longer enter the gate of the virtual world, the only thing left is a deserted land

in an interview with US media last year, Wu Jihan disclosed that he would make an IPO with a market value of billions of dollars. As a company about to go public, bitmainland should not only be responsible to investors, but also accept investors' questions about the sustainability of its business. "If your mining machinery goes public, it will encounter a fork, what should you do?"

and this question, which needs to be asked after the listing, has already appeared: the current price of the split coin xmo after the Monroe team split is $7.50, while the current price of the real Monroe coin XmR is $194, and the split coin is completely abandoned by the Monroe community

before bitcontinent becomes the name of all blockchain communities, we can rely on the huge amount of capital accumulated in recent years to transform into an artificial intelligence chip company along the previous plan, rather than continue to develop a variety of digital currency mining machines to extract the last drop of oil before the ecological collapse

content source: phoenix.com