Fengyun mining machine

The wealth myth of "one coin, one villa" is still widely spread in the currency circle, and new investors are eager to try. But in fact, a stable power structure has been formed in this small circle, from mining machinery manufacturers to large mine owners, and then to mining pools

manufacturing and selling mining machines, mining, building mines and building ore pools, the "mining circle" has become another way to get rich in the blockchain world, and mining machines have also become a little-known "big business"

according to the imagination of Nakamoto, the inventor of bitcoin, the ideal state should be "decentralized", with computing power scattered all over the world. However, contrary to decentralization, the mine pool is absolutely centralized, and more and more mining machines are connected to the mine pool

this article was first published in the Southern Weekend

"if speculation is a road of no return, then investment in mining machinery is a business that can make a steady profit without loss, and it is only a matter of time before the cost is recovered." Zhong Xi, general manager of Shenzhen Aibo times Technology Co., Ltd., calculated an account. A miner earns 200 yuan a day, which can be recovered in 120 days, and then the profit

in October 2017, in addition to his main business, Zhong Xi joined the mining army and quickly became a big boss in the mining circle. He operated many large mines in Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places

in fact, the business of "steady profit without loss" still depends on the continuous rise of currency price. In the past two months, the price of bitcoin has dropped from US $15000 to about US $10000, or even below US $6000 at one time, which has extended the cycle of mining machinery return. If it keeps falling, the profit will be far away

in 2012, four years after the advent of bitcoin, mass-proced mining machines appeared. Before that, mining was mainly a private activity, which could be completed by a home computer“ At that time, the home computer was the money printing machine, and a lot of bitcoin could be g up every day. " Huang Shiliang, a senior digital currency player who sold mining machines in his early years, recalled to Southern Weekend reporters

after the emergence of mining machine, mining began to be "socialized", with the emergence of mines and pools, and mining became a collective work. The indivial miner is entrusted by the mine, just like the workers on the proction line, as long as they are there, they can get paid every day

manufacturing and selling mining machines, mining, building mines and building ore pools, the "mining circle" has become another way to get rich in the blockchain world, and mining machines have also become a little-known "big business"

China has become the world's largest procer of mining machinery. Since 2012, a number of miner manufacturers have been born in China, such as Shenzhen bitquan Co., Ltd., which proces cat roasting miner, bitmainland, Jianan Yun and Yibang communication, which are now famous. In Huaqiangbei, Shenzhen, foreigners can be seen everywhere asking about the price of mining machinery with translators

recently, in an interview with the media, the CEO of bitcontinental, Mr. Zhan Ketun, said that this startup company, which has been established for only four years, had a revenue of about US $2.5 billion in 2017. Bitcontinent is known as the world's largest miner, whose ant miner has always been the hard currency of the coin circle and miner world

just like the coin circle, the mining circle also needs belief that the mechanical mathematical operation of mining machines every day can create great wealth

this process of "centralization" made the wealth of the mining circle snatched by a few people, and it was not easy for Zhong Xi to enter the core circle

calculation force "centralization"

the main function of the mine is to provide a place for scattered mining machines to operate. But it is the "ore pool" that really plays the role of integration

the so-called "mine pool" can be simply understood as "cooperative mining". The miners and the mines give the calculation power to the mine pool, and the mine pool is used as the only address to access the digital currency network for mining, and then distribute dividends to the miners according to the calculation power of the mining machine

the history of ore pool is longer than that of mining machine. In November 2010, the mine pool named slush appeared. Today, its official website says "the world's first mine pool", which is also recognized by the coin circle. Compared with the mine, the construction of the mine pool needs certain technology, and the threshold is relatively higher

the person in charge of a well-known domestic mine pool explained the principle of the mine pool to the Southern Weekend reporter. He compares mining to buying lottery tickets. If you dig alone, the probability of winning the lottery is very unstable. You may win 100000 today, but you won't in the next six months

"gather the people who buy lottery tickets together and buy them in a unified way. No matter who wins, they will be divided according to the proportion of money they pay. In the coin circle, the mine pool plays this role. " The person in charge said

it's not complicated to connect the mining machine with the ore pool. According to the operation guidelines of the major ore pools, it can be completed in a few steps, and then according to the calculation power provided by ourselves, we can get benefits from the ore pool. The miner is like a worker standing on the proction line, receiving a fixed salary every day

the mine pool with huge computing power and many mining machines has an absolute say in the coin circle and the mining circle. For example, if you want to issue a new digital currency or dominate the bitcoin bifurcation, you generally need to get the support of the mine pool. Without the support of the mine pool, no one will dig the new currency, so it is meaningless

in addition, when a hot new coin comes out, the mine pool can also use its own miners to pack it quickly and take the lead in the rush purchase of these new coins

in June 2017, when SNT and EOS were issued, Southern Weekend reporters witnessed the scene of minchi snapping up tokens. Because there are too many investors, many indivial investors can not put their funds into the designated position, but the person in charge of a mine pool can easily complete this operation

according to the imagination of Nakamoto, the inventor of bitcoin, the ideal state should be "decentralized", with computing power scattered all over the world. However, contrary to decentralization, the mine pool is absolutely centralized, and more and more mining machines are connected to the mine pool

on January 18, 2018, Emin Yun silash, a computer professor at Cornell University, and other five people co authored a paper pointing out that there is an implicit power structure behind bitcoin and Ethereum, the two major digital currencies, and mining is too centralized, in which 50% of bitcoin's computing power is controlled by the four major mines

5

recessive power structure

in the mining circle, the top of the food chain is mining machinery manufacturers. At present, the three recognized mining machinery manufacturers are located in China. Through the proction and sales of mining machines, they get a lot of profits. At the same time, they also set foot in the construction of mines and pools, and have the right to speak in the whole coin circle

ant mining pool is one of the top two large mining pools in the world, and its computing power accounts for 17% of the total network computing power. However, according to instrial and commercial data, it was founded by bitmainland; Several investors of Jianan Yun are also investors of Hangzhou mining Pool Technology Co., Ltd., which has its own mining pool hash and mining platform, but the mining pool has ceased operation at the end of 2017

"we are building a new mine in Irkutsk, Russia, where electricity charges are much lower and new mining machines can be hosted there." The source said

above the mining machinery manufacturers, it is the harvest of chip giants“ The core technology of mining machinery lies in the chip. Whoever has the chip can proce more mining machinery. " Ding Yang told reporters at Nanfang Weekend that the chips are mainly in the hands of several giant manufacturers, such as TSMC, NVIDIA, AMD, etc

since 2015, TSMC has always been the largest chip supplier of Jianan Yun. In 2015, the chips purchased by Jianan Yun from TSMC accounted for 69.62% of all the chips purchased by Jianan Yun. Since then, this figure has been maintained at about 60%. Most of the profits of Jia Nan Yun Zhi were made by TSMC

under the mining machinery manufacturers, there is another power structure. Jianan Yun disclosed this secret in its 2017 prospectus. In the first four months of 2017, four of the top five customers of Jianan Yun were "indivials". According to public information, three of them are well-known "wrists" in the currency circle

these big customers are not simple miners, they all have their own influence in the coin circle. Mechanical operation of the mining machine to bring them income at the same time, also brought the right to speak

according to an insider in bitmainland, most of the big customers in bitmainland are big guys in the currency circle. However, bitmainland officials declined an interview with the Southern Weekend reporter. The company's Public Relations Department responded that it was not convenient to disclose the content because it signed a confidentiality agreement with its customers

"one coin, one villa" wealth myth is still widely spread in the currency circle, and new investors are eager to try. But in fact, a stable power structure has been formed in this small circle, from mining machinery manufacturers to large mine owners, and then to mining pools

most of the new entrants can only make the harvested "leeks"

Mr. Zhao Duxue, chairman of the company, was once a deputy to the Seventh National People's Congress and the 15th people's Congress of Weifang City. He also served as "vice president of the Fifth Council of China Coal Machinery Instry Association", "vice president of support branch of China Coal Logistics Association" and "vice president of Shandong Private Entrepreneurs Association". He has also won the honorary titles of "excellent entrepreneur" in China's coal instry and China's coal machinery instry, "double top ten entrepreneurs in China's coal machinery instry", "Shandong provincial and municipal labor model", "influential figure in Shandong Province" and "excellent manager in Shandong Province". The enterprise has obtained ISO9001:2008 standard quality management system certification. It is a high-tech enterprise in Shandong Province, and has the right of self import and export. All its leading procts have the coal mine safety mark certificate issued by the State Administration of work safety. It has been awarded "AAA credit enterprise of China Coal Instry Association", "excellent enterprise of national coal machinery instry", "double top ten enterprise of national coal machinery instry" and "double top ten enterprise of national coal machinery instry" "Shandong growing small and medium-sized enterprises" and "China's 500 growing small and medium-sized enterprises" awarded by China Enterprise Evaluation Association have been selected as "China's top 100 coal instry" and "China's top 50 coal machinery" for three consecutive years, and have been listed in "China's potential enterprises list" published by Forbes for five consecutive years, The procts have been recognized as "national coal mine electromechanical procts", among which the scraper conveyor and single hydraulic prop procts of Lemei brand have won the title of "Shandong famous brand", and the trademark of Lemei brand has been recognized as "Shandong famous brand"

Shen Hong is in charge of a lot of major projects. Limited to space, here are just a few of them. The earliest and most important is 12000 tons hydraulic press, so it is important because its existence is related to a country's basic instry, such as military instry, steel plant equipment manufacturing capacity. In 1958, Shen Hong wrote a letter to Chairman Mao at the second session of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, suggesting that "emancipating the mind, self-reliance, self design and manufacturing 12000 ton hydraulic press in line with China's situation" was approved. There is no mystery in the principle and structure of the 10000 ton hydraulic press. The difficulty is that its parts are very large, so the equipment needed to manufacture it is also very large. In 1958, China did not have the conditions to proce 12000 ton hydraulic press. But at that time, for a new welding method - electroslag welding has been more mature grasp. Seeing that there was an opportunity, Shen Hong considered using tailor-made welding to make the parts that we could not make into smaller ones first, and then put them together by electroslag welding. Shen Hong's idea is a key strategic decision. Not only ten thousand ton hydraulic press appeared several years in advance, but also it has great inspiration and encouragement to the national scientific and technological circles and instry, and has promoted the development of technology. However, it is extremely arous to realize this plan. Take the four columns of hydraulic press as an example, because there was not enough large ingot and forging capacity at that time. After thinking about various plans, it was finally decided to use eight sections of manganese vanadium cast steel cylinder, which were welded by electroslag welding to form a large steel column with a length of 18 meters, each with a net weight of 80 tons. These four Optimus are the most critical parts of 12000 tons of high water pressure. After this close, many other high-pressure vessels, high-pressure cylinders and so on are easily solved. Shen Hong often said that this kind of method can be said to rely on the creation of experienced technicians and old technicians, and I only participate in the discussion and final decision-making. In fact, the manufacture of this 10000 ton hydraulic press with all welded structure is a very complicated process. If there is any mistake in any step, it will cause great difficulties for the future. Shen Hong and his assistant Lin Zongtang went to the front line to direct every link from design to process arrangement to construction and installation. In order to test the design, a 1 / 10 1200 ton testing machine is manufactured to verify and modify the design. The 12000 ton all welded structure is made entirely by the Chinese people's own strength rather than by external forces, which enhances the determination of Chinese mechanical engineering technicians and workers to work hard and rely on themselves
the 10000 ton hydraulic press project has not yet been completed, and Shen Hong has accepted the more arous task of leading the design and manufacture of "nine major equipment". If we say that the battle of ten thousand ton hydraulic press is just a tough battle in Shanghai led by Shen Hong, then the battle of "nine major equipments" is a tough battle of heavy machinery manufacturing with the whole country as the battlefield. It was a "three-year difficult period" and the international environment was grim. The central government has decided to develop atomic bombs, missiles and new aircraft on its own in order to greatly strengthen national defense. The new raw materials needed must be based at home. The "nine major equipments" approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in May 1961 are the major machines and equipments developed for the proction of these new materials
"nine major equipment" is not nine major equipment, but nine sets of large complete sets of equipment, including 840 kinds, more than 1400 sets, with a total weight of 45000 tons. The nine sets of equipment are:
the first set: 30000 tons die forging hydraulic press
the second set: 12500t horizontal extrusion water press
the two sets of 298 kinds of 460 sets of machinery and equipment with a total weight of 24750 tons are mainly used for forging and extrusion of wing beams, wallboards, profiles and nose cones of aircraft and missiles
the third set: 2800 mm aluminum plate hot rolling mill< The fourth set: 2800 mm aluminum plate cold rolling mill
these two sets of 221 kinds of 303 machines with a total weight of 10000 tons are used for rolling large aluminum plates for aircraft and missiles
the fifth set: 2-80mm diameter steel pipe mill< The sixth set: 80-200 mm diameter steel pipe mill< There are 189 kinds of 318 sets of mechanical equipment with a total weight of 3800 tons, which are used for rolling thin-walled high temperature resistant steel tubes and stainless steel tubes for aircraft, missiles and other cutting-edge technologies
the seventh set: cold rolling mill with 2300mm roll width; There are 106 kinds and 222 sets of machinery and equipment with a total weight of 6220 tons
the eighth set: 20 high ultra thin plate mill with roll width of 700mm
these two sets are used for rolling wide, thin and extra thin high temperature resistant steel plates and stainless steel plates< The ninth set: 10000 ton hydraulic press
there are two kinds of main engines with a total weight of 1500 tons, which are used for pressing FRP missile nose cones
among these machines, there are 18 large workpieces weighing more than 100 tons, and the largest one weighs about 160 tons
this campaign involves 10 ministries and commissions of the central government, hundreds of factories, more than 1000 engineering and technical personnel, and more than 10000 workers, and has carried out more than 100 important experimental studies. Originally scheled to complete the delivery from 1966 to 1967, but in the climax of the delivery of equipment, the storm of "Cultural Revolution" came, the cadres were persecuted and the work was disordered. Thanks to the personal inspection and supervision of Marshal Nie Rongzhen, it was finally completed in 1969. At that time, there were only two or three countries in the world with the "nine major equipment" completed in nearly nine years. These equipments are suitable, reliable and low cost. Since the opening up to the outside world, experts from the United States, Japan, Federal Republic of Germany and other countries have expressed surprise and admiration for the complete set of equipment developed by China in the 1960s. These nine sets of equipment are still the lifeblood of the country at the time of the publication of this article. Take an example to illustrate this. Not long ago, the first set of 30000 ton die forging press also proced titanium alloy landing gear forgings for Boeing aircraft company. This is probably the most demanding artifact in the world
Shen Hong did not lead the project from the very beginning, but was appointed under the difficult situation that all parties involved could not unify the guiding ideology, there were countless ways to work, and the requirements were urgent
Shen Hong took office on January 2, 1962. First of all, he made in-depth investigation and listened to the opinions of all parties. He learned that different parties had different ideas, the work had reached a deadlock, and the overall progress could not be determined< When Shen Hong learned about this issue, he wrote a report to the Central Committee in his spirit of seeking truth from facts and daring to tell the truth, saying: "it is impossible for the nine major equipment to be completed according to the original schele. As for when it will be completed, he asked me to make a separate report after a few months' investigation and study." The report is only a few dozen words, but it tells us the truth that we all know but dare not say. Faced with this new leader who dares to tell the truth and seek truth from facts, the cadres participating in this work feel that their work can be carried out and they are excited; On the other hand, I also feel that the work style must be down-to-earth, big hat and empty talk
Shen Hong stressed to all parties concerned that the nine major equipments are the common cause of all of us. We must attach great importance to the overall situation, work in unity and cooperation, implement the combination of variety and three in our work, pool our wisdom and avoid one sidedness. Eight of the nine major equipments are used by factories of the Ministry of metallurgy. Shen Hongshang asked the Party group of the Ministry of metallurgy to agree to send Vice Minister Xu Chi of the Ministry of metallurgy to lead the work. Shen Hong and Xu Chi cooperated closely in Yan'an period. Both of them were technical experts with the spirit of striving for strength and self-reliance and the style of considering the overall situation and supporting each other. Later important design review meetings were jointly presided over by Shen Hong and Xu Chi. They understood and supported each other. With their accurate analysis and judgment, the stalemate problems in the past were quickly resolved one by one. As the two ministers set an example above and did ideological work for their subordinate grassroots units, the Ministry of machinery and metallurgy quickly formed a good atmosphere of unity and cooperation from top to bottom. The engineering and technical personnel of the two departments joined hands to study, investigate, study and discuss together. Many technical problems that were originally divergent graally reached consensus in understanding. Shen Hong also taught the nine major equipment design teams the working methods of "seven things consistent system" and "four to site" created by him in the development process of 10000 ton hydraulic press. Shen Hong and Xu Chi set the general guiding principles for the design and manufacture of the nine major equipment in view of the ideological tendencies of all parties concerned: they should neither simply choose ready-made old equipment to make up a complete set for the sake of reliability, nor unilaterally pursue "advanced" and adopt some new technologies that are not very necessary and have not been grasped at the moment to delay the progress of the whole project
in order to implement this principle, Shen Hong, regardless of being nearly 60 years old, spared no effort to go all over the country to investigate, examine and supervise the design, testing, manufacturing and user units. Where he went, he did not first listen to the reports of a few leading comrades, but read the drawings, models and calculations, and came to the scene in person to get a clear picture of the situation and problems. When he encountered key problems, he often looked up data, calculated and drew drawings by himself at night. The next morning, he brought drawings and materials to the meeting to participate in the discussion“ When a minister is on a business trip, he must bring a plotter
the development of the nine major equipment has made great contributions to China's national defense construction and economic construction. The successful experience of the development of the nine major equipment is still of great guiding significance for today's major engineering projects
there are still many major projects presided over by Shen Hong, many of which belong to the key projects related to the lifeline of the country. With enthusiasm and innovative spirit, he united all parties and successfully solved them
in 1961, the assembly of 150000 kW large turbine units of Sanmenxia Hydropower Station encountered difficulties. The turbine rotor, which is divided into two pieces and has a combined diameter of more than 5 meters, was sold to us by a large country. It was delivered to the construction site in 1959. According to the contract, the two pieces were welded before delivery. However, the situation suddenly changed, and the experts of the other side withdrew. They repeatedly urged them not to. Liu LANBO, Minister of the Ministry of water and electricity, suggested to Premier Zhou Enlai that Shen Hong should be sent to deal with the problem, and the premier agreed. Shen Hong resolutely accepted the order, he said: "since the other party quit, how can you do it yourself?" He first discussed with Lin Zongtang, the assistant who designed and manufactured the 10000 ton hydraulic press, and invited Tang Yingbin, the veteran welder of Shanghai Jiangnan Shipyard, and more than 100 metallurgical, mechanical and welding experts from all over the country to observe and study at the construction site, and worked out the welding scheme. Before the construction, the 10 best welders were selected through the examination. Shen Hong asked them to keep up their energy for a week at the construction site, sleep well and eat well. At that time, everyone was living in difficulty and had no meat to eat, but Shen Hong had to ensure that each of the 10 welders had half a kilo of meat a day. Because he knew that welding this big piece had to work at least two consecutive days and nights. If the welder was too weak and fainted at the scene, he would miss a big event. During the construction, Shen Hong and Feng zhongyun, Vice Minister of the Ministry of water and electricity, concted on-site command. The project started on October 3 and was successfully completed on October 5. On October 8, Premier Zhou Enlai and vice premier Chen Yi accompanied Nepalese King Mahendra to visit Sanmenxia Hydropower Station. They were very happy to see that the Dashui motor had been welded. They took a group photo with Shen Hong and his colleagues
in the spring of 1962, Shen Hong took part in another battle to break the blockade of the same big country - homemade train wheel and tyre. The tyre is the hoop sleeve on the big wheel of the locomotive, also known as the "boot" of the locomotive. The other Party promised to supply us. After the tense relations, it suddenly announced the suspension of supply, and tens of thousands of kilometers of Chinese railways are facing the threat of suspension. China was already in the Great Leap Forward period