Expansion of Ethereum
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about the variability of blockchain
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eth, if most people agree to modify the chain, that is, variability, then they can modify the blockchain records and contracts
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etc, blockchain records and contracts can't be modified, that is, they can't be tampered with
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here are the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods
The advantage of -
variability is that people can make timely changes to make the right decisions. Therefore, modifying the specification is more practical than finding loopholes
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non modifiability means that no matter how smart people are at that time, it is impossible not to make mistakes. Therefore, when problems arise in this scheme, it is best to find and solve the loopholes through the existing legal framework
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differences in development
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eth, whether it is intentionally arranged or since its birth, the core decisions of blockchain are made by Ethereum foundation with the participation of the community and most of them are developed by it
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etc, the decision-making of blockchain is mainly decided by the feedback of three loose, collaborative teams with community participation
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in any case, anyone can put forward improvement suggestions for the two kinds of blockchains. This is the benefit of open source, and it is also very common. You will find that developers of the two chains communicate with each other through GitHub and reddit. I hope to improve the frequency of communication in order to achieve the common goal
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about compatibility
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at present, the two kinds of blockchains are compatible with each other. Contracts or applications written by eth can be applied on etc, and vice versa
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eth, focusing on ewasm, is committed to providing a platform for more and more developers, while the issue of contract security is secondary, such as viper
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etc focuses on making developers create more secure contracts, such as viper, iohk research, at the cost of consuming the number of potential developers
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it's obvious that both chains can accept each other, regardless of whether their wishes are the same or not. My view is that the number of developers is not necessarily related to the quality of the proct
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about the transaction speed
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eth, the average is 25 seconds, which will be shortened after upgrading
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etc, with an average time of 14 seconds, maintained at 10-14 seconds after upgrade, according to ecip-1010 and ecip-1036 protocols
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about the block capacity
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eth, with the daily trading volume of eth graally reaching 5 million, the block capacity is graally saturated. This situation is similar to the recent transaction cost of bitcoin. This problem can be solved by expanding the block capacity by increasing the default fuel limit
ETC， At present, there is still a lot of room for block capacity. As more and more people accept etc, the block capacity will also increase, just like eth
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about community
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eth, mainly discuss on reddit
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etc, mainly discuss on slack
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about monetary policy
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eth, the planned supply is growing steadily, resulting in an average inflation of 3% in eth blockchain in its life cycle
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etc, before 2025, inflation will reach 3%, and then the total supply will reach 200 million etc, and then there will be deflation
As for the regional distribution of trading volume, China accounts for 20%, South Korea 25% and the United States 25% In etc, China accounts for 50%, South Korea 25% and the United States 10% About securities, at present, investors do not have the option to trade securities. Recently, one of eth's ETFs, trading open-end index funds, was denied by the regulators -
etc owns etc trading trust, which allows investors to own etc instead of the asset itself
Q: What is bitcoin bifurcation and why
A: the reason why bitcoin bifurcates is that the underlying technology of bitcoin is blockchain. Some people begin to think that bitcoin's block capacity is too small and there are always congestion. So they ask for bitcoin's upgrade and expansion. Some people think that bitcoin's function is too single and its future development is not optimistic, So these people ask bitcoin to have the function of building DAPP (decentralized application), and some support it, while others oppose it. This kind of divergence can be understood as the bifurcation of bitcoin
Q: the classification of bitcoin bifurcation
A: there are two kinds of bifurcations of bitcoin, one is soft bifurcations, the other is hard bifurcations, so what is soft bifurcations
Q: the formation principle of soft bifurcation
A: soft fork refers to optimizing and modifying bugs in the original bitcoin network to improve the capacity of the block, such as 2m, 4m or 8m, 16m. The segwit lightning network is the mainstream solution, which is equivalent to a traffic jam on the main road, and the development team will build an auxiliary road to help the main road to divert congestion
this is a mild solution, which can make the original bitcoin network compatible with the network after soft bifurcation, and the main transaction of bitcoin is still on the main chain
Q: disadvantages of soft bifurcation
A: of course, there are disadvantages of soft bifurcation, that is, it can only solve the temporary congestion problem, and after the implementation of soft bifurcation, it can only keep the network unobstructed for a few years. In the future, it needs continuous expansion, which has an impact on the stability of the system
Q: what is hard bifurcation and its formation principle
A: another solution is hard fork, which means to upgrade the bitcoin system again, change the height of the block completely in the form of code, and take bitcoin unlimited as the mainstream solution. Generally speaking, it is equivalent to a traffic jam on the main road. We directly abandon this road and find a place to build a three-dimensional transportation hub on the ground and underground. All new cars use this transportation system, which changes the block size of the bitcoin network and optimizes the processing speed of the network
Q: what are the disadvantages of hard bifurcation
A: but hard bifurcations also have disadvantages, that is, they are not compatible with the original bitcoin system, which requires all people in the bitcoin network to support hard bifurcations. If some people do not support hard bifurcations, there will be two versions of bitcoin network, which will proce two bitcoins. The blockchains of the two bitcoins form a competitive relationship, This kind of internal friction will lead to greater price volatility and uncertainty of bitcoin's future situation
Q: a classic case of bitcoin bifurcation
A: Eth and etc are typical cases of hard bifurcation. The Dao project is a crowdfunding project initiated by slock.it, a blockchain Internet of things company. It was officially released in May 2016. As of June of that year, the Dao project has raised more than $160 million. It wasn't long before the Dao project was targeted by hackers. Because of the huge loopholes in the smart contract, the Dao project was transferred to ether coin with a market value of 50 million US dollars
in order to recover the assets of many investors and stop the panic, vitalik buterin, the founder of Ethereum, finally proposed the idea of hard bifurcation, and finally completed the hard bifurcation in block 1920000 of Ethereum through a majority vote of the community, rolling back all the Ethereum coins occupied by hackers
even though Ethereum hard bifurcates into two chains, some people who believe in the tamper proof property of blockchain still stay on the original chain of Ethereum classic. Today, Ethereum (ETH) and Ethereum classic (etc) are ranked in the top 20 in the global cryptocurrency market value, which is one of the reasons why they are regarded as classic cases in the field of hard bifurcations
Q: the difference and influence between soft bifurcation and hard bifurcation
A: for users, soft forking will not proce new bitcoin currency. They only need to understand the transaction mode and K-line characteristics of bitcoin. They only need a mainstream wallet of bitcoin
hard bifurcation will generate new currencies, and there may be more than one new currency. Once the core code of bitcoin is modified and the core code of bitcoin is reconstructed, there may be a second time for the first time, and btc1 and btc23456789 may all happen. Users will be confused. Which kind of coin would be better for me to trade? What kind of bitcoin do I use to pay for a large circulation range? In short, users with dyschooia will crash. Moreover, users need to download wallets of different hard bifurcated systems, which brings complex operation to save and pay bitcoin
however, correspondingly, the user's right to choose has also increased. You can choose the bitcoin code developed by the development team you like and trust. When the bifurcations of bitcoin are not clear, when the soft bifurcations start to activate and the computing power starts to vote, the best way for users to deal with it is to wait and see. Don't recharge and extract bitcoin in the process of bifurcation
in addition, soft fork will change the settlement mode of bitcoin all nodes, and some small settlement will be confirmed by the third party node, namely settlement channel. The settlement channel may incur part of the service charge. Similar to the role and business model of UnionPay
what is bitcoin bifurcation? The difference and influence of soft bifurcation and hard bifurcation
In my opinion, we can start with mainstream value currencies such as BTC now. Judging from the trend of BTC in the past year, it is basically at the bottom now. Even if it is possible to fall further, it will not fall too much. Ten years of history shows that BTC is certainly valuable, and BTC will definitely appreciate in the future. After all, it is the gold of the currency circle, which is rare and has the greatest consensus. The above is just a personal statement and does not constitute an investment proposal. Investment should be cautious! Finally, I declare that if you lose money by investing in virtual currency, I will not bear any legal responsibility
EOS: EOS can be understood as enterprise operation system, which is a blockchain operating system designed for commercial distributed applications. EOS is a new blockchain architecture introced by EOS software, which aims to realize the performance expansion of distributed applications. Note that it is not a currency like bitcoin and Ethereum, but a token based on the EOS software project, known as blockchain 3.0
The main features of
EOS are as follows:
1. EOS is a bit similar to Microsoft's windows platform. By creating a developer friendly underlying platform of blockchain, it supports multiple applications to run at the same time and provides the underlying template for the development of DAPP
EOS solves the problems of delay and data throughput by means of parallel chain and dpos. EOS can process thousands of data per second, while bitcoin has about 7 transactions per second, and Ethereum has 30-40 transactions per second There is no service charge for EOS, and the general audience is more extensive. The network and computing resources needed to develop DAPP on EOS are allocated according to the proportion of EOS owned by developers. When you have EOS, it is equivalent to having computer resources. With the development of DAPP, you can lease your EOS to others. From this point alone, EOS has a wide range of value. To put it simply, if you have an EOS, it is equivalent to having a set of rent to collect rent for others, or having a piece of land to rent for others to build a house. digital currency exchange "currency exchange"
development prospects
through a more in-depth understanding of EOS, EOS is quite valuable for investment. First of all, as the first to launch smart contracts, ETH runs smart contracts on eth, which is not free and depends on your gas. If gas runs out, the contract will stop. According to people who have used eth trading platform, it runs slowly and is very expensive, However, there is no such problem in EOS. The operation contract on EOS depends on the number of EOS you have. The more EOS you have, the more you can rent. With the continuous development, the more expensive the price will be; Secondly, it's very simple to develop DAPP on EOS, and you don't need to write many moles, because EOS itself builds the bottom mole for developers, which provides a platform and greatly reces the threshold of development; Thirdly, as an ordinary investor, owning EOS is equivalent to owning real estate, which can be used to rent and earn money. With the development of DAPP, the number of users increases, and the price increases irresistibly
It's said that the currency circle has been going on for one day and the stock market has been going on for one year. Although it's a bit exaggerated, it's not unreasonable. In recent days, bitcoin has gone up sharply, but it has come down slightly today. It's estimated that no one can match the speed of the bull bear conversion in the currency circle. However, among many virtual currencies, how can we find high-quality projects? Xiaobian thinks that the bull market is not surprising. The key point is that the bear market still insists on giving weekly reports, at least for the projects with reliable teams. Today Xiaobian still brings you weekly reports of some high-quality projects. The following is the latest weekly project progress report (April 9-April 15, 2018) released by ubtc team. The specific information is as follows:
pre upgrade of Ub smart contract:
smart contract is one of the major milestones of the technology roadmap of bit fed project. In order to prepare for the implementation of smart contract on UB, the UB team made some adjustments on April 10, 2018, as follows:
1. The block speed was adjusted from 10 minutes to 1 minute
2. The difficulty adjustment cycle was once for 10 blocks
3. Block reward was adjusted to 1 ubtc
The total amount of ubtc was adjusted from 21 million to 20 million The mature period of reward was 7200 blocksthis adjustment requires users to download the latest version of the wallet to ensure that subsequent use will not be affected
wallet download link: https://www.ub.com/project/wallet
R & D:
1
2. Ubtc contract function continued internal test and bug repair
3. Ubtc contract function test documents continue to improve
4. Gjavac, gsharpc, uvmassassembler, uvmpackagegpc organize the code and open source on GitHub
5
Market:
1. Anybit mobile wallet charging UB award UB activity starts at 8:00 p.m. Beijing time on April 4, 2018, and ends at 8:00 p.m. Beijing time on April 15, 2018. During the activity, users who download anybit and recharge ubtc will get 1% reward, up to 1 ubtc. The event is limited to the top 1000
the reward is calculated based on the balance of ubtc at 8:00 p.m. Beijing time on April 15, 2018. The reward ubtc will be uniformly distributed to the corresponding ubtc address on April 16
2. The UB team held a fan meeting in Genesis block, Wanchai, Hong Kong from 7:00 to 9:00 p.m. on April 9. Mr. Wouter van der schagt, director and project CEO of Ub foundation, introced the project progress and planning to the fans. UB's major fan communities (wechat group, telegraph group, QQ group, beechat group, microblog, twitter, etc.) carried out real-time live picture push
3. On April 9, the microblog of "UB global support association" held a comment lottery to send UB customized hat and coat. Under the supervision and notarization of Weibo official lottery tool @ Weibo lottery platform, an enthusiastic fan in Ningbo was lucky to win. The fan has already received the prize, and in the microblog @ quiet style quiet style sun out the picture
4. On the 14th, UB team sent representatives to participate in the [chaine] blockchain Technology Salon Hosted by Babbitt and had interactive exchanges with the guests present. The salon was held in Yulong international building, Huli District, Xiamen city
5. Enthusiastic fans made the relevant expression pack (animation) for UB's upgrade and adjustment on the 10th, and spread it on wechat group
6, UB subscription number WeChat official account will be on the way to sign the lottery every day. Please look forward to it! p>
community release:
1. The last snapshot of issuing ubtc to Eth and LTC communities was completed on April 11, and the qualified addresses were released on May 2. Please refer to UB website for details www.ub.com The announcement in the news section on March 18
about ubtc:
unitedbitcoin, referred to as UB, code ubtc. UB is not only an upgraded version of bitcoin, but also a leading global blockchain ecosystem. UB is headed by Jeff garzik, a veteran of bitcoin, a core developer of bitcoin and a leader in the blockchain field
UB 100% inherits bitcoin's blockchain and upgrades and optimizes it. The upgrade and optimization of Ub include expanding the block size to 8MB, supporting segwit isolation witness, adding smart contract and lightning network, etc
UB is committed to bringing the inactive bitcoin credit into full play. Finally, based on these credits, we can issue stable currency anchored by legal currency, which can be used in a wide, fast, efficient and intelligent business society
at present, UB team has developed anybit mobile wallet app (anybit is a decentralized multi currency wallet APP), core, core QT and electrum wallet (electrum is a lightweight wallet supporting multi signature), and released a complete blockchain browser
more than 18 trading platforms around the world support ubtc trading
Jybusd: the lucky dollar is a kind of digital currency, but it has been proved to be a kind of digital currency fraud
digital currency investment needs to pay attention to the following matters:
1. Regular security platform
we must trade through regular digital currency investment platform. If we want to trade through digital currency investment, we can choose digital currency with business license and corresponding company service telephone, which will be relatively safe
2, a small amount of capital investment
investment in digital currency investment leverage investment risk is greater, novice early do not blindly pursue money and profit, can survive in this investment market is the most critical. At the same time, in order to prevent the loss of too much money after being cheated, we must keep an optimistic attitude according to our own situation, and we must participate in a small amount of money to rece the investment risk
3. If you are cheated, report to the police in time. Although the police may not help, but at least let the police on record, so as to recover the loss also has a certain help
{rrrrrrr}
extended data :
common digital currency:
1, bitcoin (BTC)
bitcoin the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009, which is a P2P digital currency based on SHA-256 algorithm. Point-to-point transmission means a decentralized payment system, The total issue amount is 21 million
2. Ethereum (ETH)
Ethereum is a public blockchain with smart contract function, and its founder is vitalik buterin
3. XRP
ripple is a decentralized asset transmission network, which is used to solve the asset conversion and trust problems between financial institutions and users
4. Bitcoin cash (BCH)
BCH is a kind of hard bifurcated bitcoin, which modifies the code of bitcoin, supports large blocks, and does not include segwit. To solve the problem of capacity expansion
5. Lightcoin (LTC)
lightcoin is derived from bitcoin, and its founder, Li Qiwei, went online on June 22, 2017
6. Dash
changed its name to dash after its original name was darkcoin. It is a digital currency that supports real-time transactions and aims at protecting users' privacy. Based on bitcoin, its unique two-layer network can make it more comprehensive for testing and updating
7. Xem
Xinjing coin is a new type of digital virtual coin based on Java, which adopts a new synchronous solution based on POI of proof of importance, and is said to be the first encrypted coin to realize multi signature at the block chain level
Small ant stock (NEO)Neo, using blockchain technology and digital identity for asset digitization, using intelligent contract for automatic management of digital assets, realizes a distributed network of "intelligent economy". In June 2015, GitHub launched a real-time open source project in 2014, with a total amount of 100 million. Founder Da Hongfei, Zhang Zhengwen
9. Monroe is a new generation of virtual currency based on cryptonote protocol and dedicated to privacy protection
Dragons are commonly portrayed as serpentine or reptilian, hatching from eggs and possessing long, typically scaly, bodies; they are sometimes portrayed as having large eyes, a feature that is the origin for the word for dragon in many cultures, and are often (but not always) portrayed with wings and a fiery breath. Some dragons do not have wings at all, but look more like long snakes.
Although dragons (or dragon-like creatures) occur commonly in legends around the world, different cultures have perceived them differently. Chinese dragons (Simplified Chinese: 龙; Traditional Chinese: 龙; pinyin: lóng), and Eastern dragons generally, are usually seen as benevolent, whereas European dragons are usually malevolent (there are of course exceptions to these rules). Malevolent dragons also occur in Persian mythology (see A Dahaka) and other cultures.
Dragons are often held to have major spiritual significance in various religions and cultures around the world. In many Eastern and Native American cultures dragons were, and in some cultures still are, revered as representative of the primal forces of nature and the universe. They are associated with wisdom—often said to be wiser than humans—and longevity. They are commonly said to possess some form of magic or other supernormal power, and are often associated with wells, rain, and rivers. In some cultures, they are said to be capable of human speech.
Dragons are very popular characters in fantasy literature, role-playing games and video games today.
The term dragoon, for infantry that move around by horse, yet still fight as foot soldiers, is derived from their early firearm, the "dragon", a wide-bore musket that spat flame when it fired, and was thus named for the mythical beast.
Dobrynya Nikitich slaying Zmey Gorynych, by Ivan Bilibin
[edit] Symbolism
In medieval symbolism, dragons were often symbolic of apostasy and treachery, but also of anger and envy, and eventually symbolised great calamity. Several heads were symbolic of decadence and oppression, and also of heresy. They also served as symbols for independence, leadership and strength. Many dragons also represent wisdom; slaying a dragon not only gave access to its treasure hoard, but meant the hero had bested the most cunning of all creatures. In some cultures, especially Chinese, or around the Himalayas, dragons are considered to represent good luck.
Joseph Campbell in the The Power of Myth viewed the dragon as a symbol of divinity or transcendence because it represents the unity of Heaven and Earth by combining the serpent form (earthbound) with the bat/bird form (airborne).
Dragons embody both male and female traits as in the example from Aboriginal myth that raises baby humans to althood training them for survival in the world (Littleton, 2002, p. 646). Another contrast in the way dragons are portrayed is their ability to breathe fire but live in the ocean--water and fire together. And like in the quote from Joseph Campbell above, they also include the opposing elements of earth and sky. Dragons represent the joining of the opposing forces of the cosmos.
Yet another symbolic view of dragons is the Ouroborus, or the dragon encircling and eating its own tail. When shaped like this the dragon becomes a symbol of eternity, natural cycles, and completion.
[edit] In Christianity
The Latin word for a dragon, draco (genitive: draconis), actually means snake or serpent, emphasizing the European association of dragons with snakes. The Medieval Biblical interpretation of the Devil being associated with the serpent who tempted Adam and Eve, thus gave a snake-like dragon connotations of evil. Generally speaking, Biblical literature itself did not portray this association (save for the Book of Revelation, whose treatment of dragons is detailed below). The demonic opponents of God, Christ, or good Christians have commonly been portrayed as reptilian or chimeric.
In the Book of Job Chapter 41, the sea monster Leviathan, which has some dragon-like characteristics.
In Revelation 12:3, an enormous red beast with seven heads is described, whose tail sweeps one third of the stars from heaven down to earth (held to be symbolic of the fall of the angels, though not commonly held among biblical scholars). In most translations, the word "dragon" is used to describe the beast, since in the original Greek the word used is drakon (δράκον).
In iconography, some Catholic saints are depicted in the act of killing a dragon. This is one of the common aspects of Saint George in Egyptian Coptic iconography [1], on the coat of arms of Moscow, and in English and Catalan legend. In Italy, Saint Mercurialis, first bishop of the city of Forlì, is also depicted slaying a dragon.[2] Saint Julian of Le Mans, Saint Veran, Saint Crescentinus, and Saint Leonard of Noblac were also venerated as dragon-slayers.
However, some say that dragons were good, before they fell, as humans did. Also contributing to the good dragon argument in Christianity is the fact that, if they did exist, they were created as were any other creature, as seen in Dragons In Our Midst, a contemporary Christian book series by author Bryan Davis.
[edit] Chinese zodiac
The years 1916, 1928, 1940, 1952, 1964, 1976, 1988, 2000, 2012, 2024, 2036, 2048, 2060 are considered the Year of the Dragon in the Chinese zodiac.
The Chinese zodiac purports that people born in the Year of the Dragon are healthy, energetic, excitable, short-tempered, and stubborn. They are also supposedly honest, sensitive, brave, and inspire confidence and trust. The Chinese zodiac purports that Dragon people are the most eccentric of any in the eastern zodiac. They supposedly neither borrow money nor make flowery speeches, but tend to be soft-hearted which sometimes gives others an advantage over them. They are purported to be compatible with Rats, Snakes, Monkeys, and Roosters.
[edit] In East Asia
Main article: Chinese dragon
Main article: Vietnamese dragon
Dragons are commonly symbols of good luck/health in some parts of Asia, and are also sometimes worshipped. Asian dragons are considered as mythical rulers of weather, specifically rain and water, and are usually depicted as the guardians of flaming pearls.
In China, as well as in Japan and Korea, the Azure Dragon is one of the Four Symbols of the Chinese constellation, representing spring (season), the element of Wood and the east. Chinese dragons are often shown with large pearls in their grasp, though some say that it is really the dragon's egg. The chinese believed that the dragons lived under water most of the time, and would sometimes offer rice as a gift to the dragons. The dragons were not shown with wings like the European dragons because it was believed they could fly using magic.
A Yellow dragon (Huang long) with five claws on each foot, on the other hand, symbolize imperial authority in China, and indirectly the Chinese people as well. Chinese people often use the term "Descendants of the Dragon" as a sign of ethnic identity. The dragon is also the symbol of royalty in Bhutan (whose sovereign is known as Druk Gyalpo, or Dragon King).
In Vietnam, the dragon (Vietnamese: rồng) is the most important and sacred symbol. According to the ancient creation myth of the Kinh people, all Vietnamese people are descended from dragons through Lạc Long Quân, who married Âu Cơ, a fairy. The eldest of their 100 sons founded the first dynasty of Hùng Vương Emperors.
[edit] History and origins of dragons
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A naga guarding the Temple of Wat Sisaket in Viang Chan, LaosWhere the original concept of a dragon came from is unknown, as there is no accepted scientific theory or any evidence to support that dragons actually exist or have existed.
Some believe that the dragon may have had a real-life counterpart from which the legends around the world arose — typically dinosaurs or other archosaurs are mentioned as a possibility — but there is no physical evidence to support this claim, only alleged sightings collected by cryptozoologists. In a common variation of this hypothesis, giant lizards such as Megalania are substituted for the living dinosaurs. Some Creationists hold that dragons are just an exaggerated depiction of what we now call dinosaurs and that humans and dinosaurs (dragons) did co-exist.[1] All of these hypotheses are widely considered to be pseudoscience or myth.
Dinosaur fossils were once thought of as "dragon bones" — a discovery in 300 BC in Wucheng, Sichuan, China, was labeled as such by Chang Qu.[2] It is unlikely, however, that these finds alone prompted the legends of flying monsters, but may have served to reinforce them.
Herodotus, often called the "father of history", visited Judea c.450 BC and wrote that he heard of caged dragons in nearby Arabia, near Petra, Jordan. Curious, he travelled to the area and found many skeletal remains of serpents and mentioned reports of flying serpents flying from Arabia into Egypt but being fought off by Ibises Histories. Histories (Greek). Retrieved on 2006-06-14..
According to Marco Polo's journals, Polo was walking through Anatolia into Persia and came upon real live flying