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recently, the identity of Satoshi Nakamoto, the father of bitcoin, was accidentally exposed, which made bitcoin, which had graally faded out of the public's view, hot again. However, Craig, an Australian businessman with low-key and simple daily behavior, is still in the market; It took only five days for Craig Wright to admit that he had no courage to give up and prove that he was Nakamoto
not surprisingly, the mystery of "Nakamoto Tsung" will continue
"the twists and turns of Zhongben Cong's identity have not brought significant impact on the bitcoin market," Li Qiyuan, President of bitcoin China (BTCC), said in an interview with the first Financial Daily yesterday (May 9). As an innovative thing, bitcoin has been able to survive and grow steadily in the past few years, marking a kind of success. Liu Shengjun, executive vice president of China Europe Lujiazui Institute of international finance, is worried about the development prospect of bitcoin. "At present, no government is willing to give up its management power and accept bitcoin to replace legal tender."< On November 1, 2008, Nakamoto published a research report in a secret cryptography discussion group, in which the concept of bitcoin was first proposed. In 2009, the world's first bitcoin algorithm software appeared. In just four years after that, the price of bitcoin increased by hundreds or even thousands of times, which eclipsed other investment targets
as the creator of bitcoin, "Nakamoto Tsung" not only grasps the most core technology, but also increases people's curiosity and speculation about his real identity because of its huge wealth brought by about 1 million bitcoins (the current price of one bitcoin is about 2970 yuan)< On May 2, Wright publicly told several major overseas media that he was the so-called "Nakamoto Tsung", the founder of bitcoin, which aroused heated discussion in the market<
(the price trend of bitcoin in the past year)
Wright, 46, is a computer scientist and an entrepreneur. When he introced himself at the 2015 bitcoin investor conference, he said that he was a scholar, engaged in business research, and had a doctor of law and a master's degree in statistics
according to foreign mainstream media, Wright confirmed his identity as "Nakamoto Tsung" from a technical point of view by using the bitcoin owned by the founder of bitcoin. Wright also said publicly that it was not easy to make a decision to disclose his identity, and the reason for his clarification was his love and concern for his work, which he "hoped to eliminate the false legends and worries surrounding bitcoin"
as the Internet world continues to argue about Wright's real identity, the plot takes a major turn< On May 6, Wright suddenly published an open letter entitled "I'm sorry", saying that he "has no courage" to continue to prove his identity as "Nakamoto Tsung"
"I believed that I could end the years of hiding and hiding. However, with the events of the past week fermenting, I was going to publish the evidence that I had the initial block, but I couldn't stand it. I don't have the courage. I can't do it. " Wright said<
Wright once said in his public identity that he did not want money, nor did he want to be famous, nor did he want to be worshipped, but only wanted to be alone. Li Qiyuan told China Business Daily that if he really wanted to live his own life, why did he suddenly choose to expose his identity
obviously, the emergence of Wright has not completely ended the mystery of "Nakamoto" and investors are more concerned about the impact of "Nakamoto" on the price of bitcoin
Gong Ming, the founder of blockchain pencil, told the first financial daily that the identity of "Zhongben cong" will not have a substantial impact on the market, but is more symbolic. Unless "Nakamoto Tsung" sells a lot of bitcoin, it will not have an impact on the price of bitcoin. "From 2009 to now," Nakamoto Tsung "is not a person who has a strong desire for money and will not buy or sell bitcoin because of the high or low value of the currency."< Recently, Zug, a small Swiss town, announced that from July 1 this year, buyers will be allowed to pay for its public services with bitcoin as the payment method. Although there are still great limitations in the scope and amount of this payment method, the small progress is enough to cheer bitcoin's staunch admirers
from the beginning, virtual goods can only be purchased on the Internet, to now, bitcoin can be converted into multi-national currencies, and there are many twists and turns along the way
in February 2014, Mt. GOx, the world's largest bitcoin trading platform at that time, said that bitcoin was stolen e to large-scale hacker attacks, with a total loss of $470 million, and the platform declared bankruptcy. Affected by this, the price of bitcoin plummeted from more than $600 to $102 in just a few seconds, a drop of 83%
in January 2015, bitstamp, one of the most reliable bitcoin trading platforms in the world, was attacked by hackers, resulting in the theft of at least US $5 million of bitcoin, causing panic among some cryptocurrency holders. The openness and security of bitcoin cause instry concern. When the negative news came out, bitcoin was finally recognized by the regulatory authorities
in September 2015, the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) confirmed for the first time that bitcoin and other virtual currencies are defined as commodities, which means that bitcoin is classified as commodities like gold and oil, and trading behavior will comply with all commodity derivatives market rules; In October of the same year, the European Court of justice formally ruled that bitcoin and other virtual currencies in Europe should be exempt from VAT just like traditional currencies. Because according to the relevant provisions of the EU, "currencies, bank bills and coins used as legal tender" do not need to pay VAT. Bitcoin has taken a solid step towards legalization
nevertheless, the market is still worried about whether bitcoin, which reached a historical peak of more than 8000 yuan in 2013, can return to its former glory
at present, the price of bitcoin is hovering around 2900 yuan, which is much more stable than the previous ups and downs, and the trading volume of bitcoin has also dropped significantly
"I don't think bitcoin has changed from hot to cold. Compared with the sharp rise and overheating in 2013, I think it is now the normal price of bitcoin. In 2013, bitcoin rose from tens of dollars in January to thousands of dollars in less than a year, overdrawing the later increase, so it has been falling back after 2013." Gong Ming told the first financial daily
how much is bitcoin worth? It is estimated that bitcoin players, exchanges, mining machine manufacturers and even bitcoin creators can not give an accurate answer
although the value of bitcoin cannot be determined, one thing is certain that the number of bitcoins is certain. Because the "issuance" of bitcoin depends on complex calculation, it is essentially different from the "printing" mode of traditional currency issuance. The total amount of bitcoin graally increases according to the design predetermined rate, and the increase rate graally slows down, and finally reaches the limit of 21 million in 2140. The instry estimates that the total amount has reached 15.5 million
Li Qiyuan believes that the limited number of bitcoin is in sharp contrast to the inflation and the decline in the purchasing power of fiat money caused by the massive printing of money by central banks“ The goal of bitcoin is not to replace the existing currency, but to become a universal digital asset in the world and provide convenience for people's lives. "
it is generally expected that with the departure of short-term speculators, the continuous development of bitcoin related applications and the improvement of infrastructure, the digital currency represented by bitcoin will be in a benign development stage
in addition to bitcoin, there are also outstanding digital currencies such as lightcoin, Ethereum, dogcoin and Ruitai coin.
Five aspects of blockchain instry growth potential promote the healthy development of Technology Virtual reality and other technologies are another emerging technology that will have a significant impact on the future, which is expected to promote human beings from the era of information internet to the era of value Internet
some countries and regions in the United States, Japan and the European Union have promoted the development of blockchain as an important national development strategy, and vigorously promoted the development and application of blockchain technology. China also attaches great importance to the technological innovation and instrial development of blockchain. With the joint participation of it and other enterprises, a large number of new enterprises, new procts, new models and new applications have emerged. The application of blockchain in the fields of finance, government affairs, energy, medical and other instries has graally expanded, and is becoming an important force to drive the technological proct innovation and instrial transformation of various instries
the development of blockchain can be divided into three stages, namely, blockchain 1.0, represented by bitcoin and related financial infrastructure applications, and blockchain 2.0, represented by smart contract. At present, it is graally moving towards blockchain 3.0, which is based on blockchain technology and more complex in-depth application of smart contract
statistical analysis of blockchain investment and financing in the first half of the year. According to the statistical data of in depth analysis report on business model innovation and investment opportunities of blockchain instry published by foresight Instry Research Institute, in the first half of 2018, the amount of financing in the blockchain field was about 10.7 billion, with a year-on-year growth rate of 1426% compared with the same period in 2017; The number of investment and financing events in the field of blockchain has reached 205, and it is expected that the investment in the field of blockchain will usher in another peak this year
according to the distribution of investment and financing rounds in China's blockchain field, the proportion of investment rounds in the start-up period (before round b) is more than 95%, with the joint investment of many instry pioneers, and most enterprises are still running around
statistics and growth of blockchain investment and financing in the first half of 2014-2018
data source: China attaches great importance to the development and application of blockchain technology. Driven by multiple forces such as policy, technology and market, the pace of blockchain innovation has been accelerating. It has been deeply integrated with cloud computing, big data, Internet of things and other technologies. The scope of exploration and application has also expanded from digital assets to supply chain management, intelligent manufacturing, instrial Internet, social welfare, right protection and other fields
five aspects to promote the healthy development of blockchain technology, promote the high-quality development of digital economy
1, in-depth study and grasp the development trend of blockchain technology and instry. Pay close attention to the international development frontier, jointly promote the research of blockchain related technology and instry, promote the standardization of blockchain development instry behavior, and create a good development environment
2. Strengthen the construction of core technology capacity of blockchain
establish and improve the collaborative promotion mechanism among backbone enterprises, universities and research institutions, guide it enterprises to strengthen technical reserves, accelerate the breakthrough of key core technologies, and improve the performance, efficiency and security of blockchain
3. Support entrepreneurship and innovation in the field of blockchain
encourage cross-border integration between blockchain enterprises and user units, guide instry organizations to establish public service platforms, support third-party organizations to carry out evaluation and detection of blockchain services, promote rich instrial applications of blockchain, and serve the transformation and upgrading of the real economy
4. Actively build and improve the blockchain standard system
accelerate the development and application of key standards, and graally build a perfect standard system. Actively connect with ITU, ISO and other international standards organizations, substantially participate in more international standardization work, and actively contribute more "Chinese power"
5. Accelerate the improvement of the policy environment for blockchain development
support qualified enterprises to carry out application innovation and mode innovation, and guide and encourage enterprises, universities and scientific research institutes to jointly cultivate professional talents needed for blockchain development. Support eligible blockchain enterprises to enjoy the preferential tax policies of the state to support the development of software instry and small and medium-sized enterprises
the instrial scale is small, but the growth potential is huge
the blockchain economy is on the eve of the outbreak period. The financial instry is relatively widely used, and the application of other instries has also entered the stage of exploration and development. It is estimated that from 2017 to 2022, the direct market value of blockchain will increase from US $410 million to US $7.68 billion, with a compound annual growth rate of 79.6%. It is estimated that all kinds of extended business based on blockchain will reach US $100 billion in 2020
instry application areas continue to expand
the financial instry takes the lead in the application of blockchain technology, and many financial applications have been implemented; Medical instry is an important area of blockchain application, which can better protect privacy, improve service quality and management efficiency; The demand of social authentication for blockchain is rising rapidly to solve the proof problem caused by information asymmetry; The application of blockchain technology in communication, supply chain and other fields is expanding rapidly
in the digital money market, bitcoin, wikilink, Ethereum and BCH are not alone.
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Japan
among Asian countries, Japan seems to be the first country to support cryptocurrency. On the contrary, in the past few years, China has been cracking down on ICO and closing down the trading business of digital currency exchanges in China. Compared with China's strict restrictions, Japan is undoubtedly far ahead in the field of cryptocurrency
maybe it's because of the anonymous people (or teams?) who developed bitcoin Japan's pseudonym is Nakamoto, so Japan's friendliness to cryptocurrency ranks at the top
after being attacked by hackers, the Japanese based Mt. GOx exchange finally closed down in February 2014, which is still the biggest scandal in the digital currency world. After that, Japan's licensed cryptocurrency exchanges came together to form a new self regulatory organization, which put forward guidelines to legalize ICO and formulated clear instry standards to protect investors, while allowing the instry to grow and continue to innovate
members of this association, called ICO business research group, include members of Parliament, academics, bankers and the CEO of bitflyer. Bitflyer is the largest cryptocurrency exchange in Japan. According to the government study, the legislature may allow potentially profitable ICO and cryptocurrency exchanges to continue trading, but at the same time, it must provide the government with more insight into these activities and enhance transparency
nevertheless, as of the end of April, it was reported that Venezuela could offer India a 30% discount if India used petro currency to pay for its crude oil. Bitcoin magazine reported that "Venezuela has assured the buyer that petro currency will have all the functions of legal tender, can pay taxes and can be converted into Venezuelan hard currency, namely Bolivar
while many people are skeptical of petro itself and the Venezuelan government's move to integrate cryptocurrency into its declining economy, others believe that any effort to win the credibility of cryptocurrency is worthwhile. David Garcia, senior vice president and partner of ripio credit network, pointed out that Latin America is going through a transitional period
Latin America is in a difficult situation e to political corruption and economic crisis, and is troubled by high inflation and rapid devaluation of local currency, especially in Venezuela. Garcia believes that innovative ideas and solutions such as blockchain and cryptocurrency are necessary for these countries to develop in a positive direction3. Sweden
in 2015, Sweden became the first country in Europe to approve the trading of two kinds of bitcoin exchange traded notes (ETN), which are managed by XBT providers. The Swedish Krona denominated bitcoin tracker one XBT (ST: se0007126024) fund and bitcoin tracker EUR XBT provider (ST: se0007525332) can be traded on Nordic Nasdaq, the main Swedish exchange
since its launch, XBT has been launched in Denmark, Finland, Estonia and Latvia. As of early December 2017, cointegraph announced that Sweden's ETN "is more than 80% of the US ETF". In mid January, CNBC said that Sweden's bitcoin investment project attracted $1.3 billion
in addition, the Swedish central bank has been considering the development of an electronic currency called e-krona to cope with the situation that Sweden is rapidly becoming the first cashless society in the world. However, Sweden's banking sector has hit back. Hans Lindberg, chief executive of the Swedish Bankers Association, said in an interview on April 17: "in terms of e-money, there is already a lot. There are bank cards, credit cards... And other electronic solutions. The most likely scenario in the future is that the Swedish central bank will stick to wholesale business. "< However, James Pomeroy, a global economist at HSBC, believes that Sweden is still likely to become the first country in the world to issue digital currency, which may be launched in the next few years. Venezuela may be ahead in government supported cryptocurrency issuance, but Sweden, a Scandinavian country with stronger economy and more trusted regulators, may still disrupt the existing order of cryptocurrency and even lead the European cryptocurrency instry< Switzerland
4. The Swiss financial market supervision authority is at the forefront in clarifying the regulation of cryptocurrency and supporting ICO. Marc bernegger, a Swiss financial technologist, cryptocurrency entrepreneur and consultant to Swiss real coin, said Switzerland has traditionally been a haven of wealth. To some extent, this benefits from Switzerland's more open financial regulation and a long culture of protecting the privacy of Swiss banking institutions' customers. Bernegger pointed out that Switzerland has been "looking forward" to cryptocurrency assets as part of overall wealth management and is "preparing for changing economic forms."
the surrounding area of Zug in North Central Switzerland is called crypto Valley, which has been called crypto valley since Ethereum ICO was launched in 2014. For cryptocurrency entrepreneurs, developers and investors, cryptovalley is one of the most active ecosystems,5. Israel
in Israel, discussions on the regulation of cryptocurrency continue, and legislators are looking for ways to protect investors. Although Israel's banking system has failed to help promote bitcoin related business, Union Bank of Israel, the sixth largest bank in Israel, is being sued by a local cryptocurrency miner for stopping transferring funds from bitcoin exchange to the miner; In addition, Israel's second-largest bank, bank Leumi, was intervened by the district court and the country's Supreme Court when it tried to block the account activity of a local cryptocurrency exchange. This is undoubtedly a major victory for the local cryptocurrency instry
in addition, it has recently been reported that the Central Bank of Israel has been considering the possibility of issuing state supported cryptocurrency for several months. According to the Jerusalem Post, an anonymous source said, "digital shekel can record every transaction through mobile phones, making tax evasion more difficult." If a digital Shekel is introced, its value will be equal to that of an entity
in terms of technological innovation, Israel's start-up corporate culture is at the forefront. Roy meirom, co-founder and vice president of business development of wemark, pointed out that many of the 300 multinational R & D centers operating in Israel are committed to the application of blockchain<
Roy meirom also said that this small middle east country, commonly known as the "start-up country", is rapidly becoming the development center of blockchain< Bermuda
Bermuda, a member of the Commonwealth in the North Atlantic and Caribbean, has been actively seeking the adoption of cryptocurrency related regulations to begin to establish an appropriate framework to promote cryptocurrency business activities, including cryptocurrency exchanges, wallet services and payment providers. Recently, the Bermuda Monetary Authority's virtual currency business act was passed in the house of Commons
Bermuda has carried out relevant legislative activities on ICO in the form of amending the Companies Act 1981 and the limited liability companies act 2016. At the end of last year, Bermuda's prime minister and Finance Minister David Burt set up a blockchain working group, which is divided into two groups: the legal and regulatory Working Group on blockchain and the commercial working group on blockchain
7. Berlin, the capital of Germany, is perhaps one of the EU's most cryptocurrency friendly cities. In 2013, Berlin was called the "bitcoin capital of Europe" by the guardian, and it has always maintained this status. At present, people can use bitcoin to buy apartments in Berlin, make holiday reservations, and pay for meals in various fashionable local restaurants
Thomas Schouten, marketing director of lisk, a Swiss based blockchain application platform, said the application chain has a major contractor office in Berlin. Schouten said Berlin provides a vibrant start-up and technology space with a huge talent pool and vibrant culture, making it easy for companies to attract employees. In addition, he said that Germany and the German government are open to blockchain technology
in 2014, Germany became the first country to accept bitcoin as a currency, highlighting its open attitude. Similarly, board members of the Bundesbank have called for effective and appropriate regulation of cryptocurrencies and tokens. In fact, Joachim wuermeling, director of the Bundesbank, has pointed out the need for international cooperation on this issue:
to this end, a number of decision makers of the Bundesbank have participated in discussions involving the whole EU region, including stimulating the cryptocurrency instry in the whole EU region through the European block chain partnership "Scientists and engineers in the instry, many of them retired members of Israel's elite military intelligence forces, have transferred to fill the huge talent demand of the instry, and are supported by more and more blockchain start-ups and supporting ecosystems." -
"because the regulatory capacity of a single country is obviously limited, only by maximizing the potential of international cooperation can virtual currency be effectively regulated."
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trend 1: the blockchain technology is constantly updated and developing in the direction of great integration
trend 2: the structure of blockchain is diversified and connected with the real world value. With the development of blockchain, the data structure and system architecture have evolved
trend 3: the development process of the blockchain instry has accelerated, and it has entered the main melody from virtual to real
blockchain 1.0 is a digital currency, 2.0 is a smart contract, and 3.0 is a large-scale commercial application. Wulian chain is one of the development trends in the era of blockchain 3.0
in the era of blockchain 1.0, it is a transfer system from a to B represented by bitcoin
blockchain 2.0 era is a simple smart contract system represented by Ethereum & Rd
the era of blockchain 3.0 is a real application scenario era with high circulation and strong application represented by fog link chain! The innovative mechanism of Wulian chain will lead the era of blockchain 3.0
trend 4: the application scenarios of blockchain are becoming more and more complex, and the importance of cross chain interconnection is highlighted
trend 5: the standardization of blockchain is speeding up, and countries are competing for the right to formulate standards
now countries are making efforts to formulate relevant standards for blockchain, including Japan, the United States, the European Union and various well-known blockchain standards organizations
trend 6: blockchain privacy protection mechanisms are diverse and become the key lubricant to activate commercial applications
nowadays, there are many kinds of privacy protection, such as ring signature, multi signature, mixer, zero knowledge proof, homomorphic encryption and so on. Now many blockchain enterprises encounter the problem when they are landing, that is, banks and other institutions will say not to use new algorithms for me. If you want to implement it, you need to see if you can find a privacy protection algorithm suitable for business scenarios and combine it with the real economy
trend 7: blockchain security issues attract attention and need to be paid attention to and seek solutions. In October 2016, the Dao, a venture capital organization based on Ethereum public blockchain platform, caused the theft of more than US $50 million of Ethernet coins e to system vulnerabilities, followed by parity wallet freezing attack, solar eclipse attack on nodes, and even a line of code destruction, A variety of security incidents, involving wallet, exchange, chain, smart contract and other attacks
trend 8: the competition for intellectual property rights in blockchain is becoming increasingly fierce, and Internet of things will expand its patent layout. At present, blockchain patent applications are dominated by enterprises, and there is no market leader. China and the United States have an absolute advantage
trend 9: blockchain helps regulatory technology, focusing on the new direction of chain governance
regulatory technology mainly applies big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other technologies, which have been applied to risk control, anti fraud, anti money laundering and insider trading by regulatory authorities
trend 10: blockchain talents have become the key link, and all parties have stepped up efforts to cultivate them. As we all know, blockchain talents are becoming more and more expensive.