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Every upgrade of Ethereum

Publish: 2021-05-27 20:29:24
1.

a brief history of etheric Classics (etc)

etheric classics began with an unfortunate event

in May 2016, the decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) held a token sale with the goal of establishing a blockchain based venture capital to fund future decentralized applications (dapps) in the Ethereum ecosystem

basically, Dao is a complex smart contract that operates in a decentralized way - computer code that automatically performs tasks between multiple parties when conditions are met

despite its ambitious goals and successful token sales, Dao's code has a major vulnerability that allows attackers to steal eth from decentralized organizations

the attacker took advantage of this vulnerability in June 2016, triggering the infamous Dao hacking event, and maliciously stole eth worth about US $50 million

there is no doubt that Dao hacking has shocked Ethereum community and made eth price drop from $20 to $13

after the Dao hacking, the Ethereum community has to choose from three options

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  • do nothing and try to bear the consequences of the attack; Or

  • start soft bifurcation to recover funds; Or

  • deploy a hard fork to recover the lost eth

    • both soft and hard bifurcations are significant network upgrades. However, soft fork allows users who are not upgraded to communicate with upgraded users, while hard fork is not backward compatible with previous versions

    as developers realize that deploying soft forks will expose the network to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, Ethereum community decides to initiate hard forks to recover the funds lost in Dao hacking attacks

    although this scheme is supported by most people, a small number of people in Ethereum community oppose it. They think that "code is the law" and blockchain network should be unchangeable

    the failure of both sides to reach an agreement on the solution eventually led to the fragmentation of Ethereum blockchain

    those who tried to recover the lost eth chose the hard fork and opened the Ethereum (ETH) blockchain as we know it today, while another group stayed on the original Ethereum classic (etc) chain

    what problems does ethereal classic solve

    Ethernet classic (etc) is a blockchain platform that allows developers to deploy smart contracts and dapps

    although this function is the same as Ethereum (ETH), etc blockchain has two main differences

    first of all, Ethereum classic community opposes tampering with distributed ledger and supports the view that "blockchain network cannot and should not be modified"

    secondly, although there is no rigid upper limit on the total supply of eth, it is allowed to create 230 million etc at most by adopting the monetary policy of constant supply

    as a bonus item, ethereal classic launched Atlantis hard bifurcation last year to increase the interaction with Ethereum and improve the privacy protection of transactions through ZK snarks

    the trading platforms recommended by etc

    hot money, okex, AAX, etc

    2.

    1. about the variability of blockchain

    2. eth, if most people agree to modify the chain, that is, variability, then they can modify the blockchain records and contracts

    3. etc, blockchain records and contracts can't be modified, that is, they can't be tampered with

    4. here are the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods

      The advantage of

    5. variability is that people can make timely changes to make the right decisions. Therefore, modifying the specification is more practical than finding loopholes

    6. non modifiability means that no matter how smart people are at that time, it is impossible not to make mistakes. Therefore, when problems arise in this scheme, it is best to find and solve the loopholes through the existing legal framework

    7. differences in development

    8. eth, whether it is intentionally arranged or since its birth, the core decisions of blockchain are made by Ethereum foundation with the participation of the community and most of them are developed by it

    9. etc, the decision-making of blockchain is mainly decided by the feedback of three loose, collaborative teams with community participation

    10. in any case, anyone can put forward improvement suggestions for the two kinds of blockchains. This is the benefit of open source, and it is also very common. You will find that developers of the two chains communicate with each other through GitHub and reddit. I hope to improve the frequency of communication in order to achieve the common goal

    11. about compatibility

    12. at present, the two kinds of blockchains are compatible with each other. Contracts or applications written by eth can be applied on etc, and vice versa

    13. eth, focusing on ewasm, is committed to providing a platform for more and more developers, while the issue of contract security is secondary, such as viper

    14. etc focuses on making developers create more secure contracts, such as viper, iohk research, at the cost of consuming the number of potential developers

    15. it's obvious that both chains can accept each other, regardless of whether their wishes are the same or not. My view is that the number of developers is not necessarily related to the quality of the proct

    16. about the transaction speed

    17. eth, the average is 25 seconds, which will be shortened after upgrading

    18. etc, with an average time of 14 seconds, maintained at 10-14 seconds after upgrade, according to ecip-1010 and ecip-1036 protocols

    19. about the block capacity

    20. eth, with the daily trading volume of eth graally reaching 5 million, the block capacity is graally saturated. This situation is similar to the recent transaction cost of bitcoin. This problem can be solved by expanding the block capacity by increasing the default fuel limit

    21. ETC­， At present, there is still a lot of room for block capacity. As more and more people accept etc, the block capacity will also increase, just like eth

    22. about community

    23. eth, mainly discuss on reddit

    24. etc, mainly discuss on slack

    25. about monetary policy

    26. eth, the planned supply is growing steadily, resulting in an average inflation of 3% in eth blockchain in its life cycle

    27. etc, before 2025, inflation will reach 3%, and then the total supply will reach 200 million etc, and then there will be deflation

      As for the regional distribution of trading volume, China accounts for 20%, South Korea 25% and the United States 25%

      In etc, China accounts for 50%, South Korea 25% and the United States 10%

      About securities, at present, investors do not have the option to trade securities. Recently, one of eth's ETFs, trading open-end index funds, was denied by the regulators

    28. etc owns etc trading trust, which allows investors to own etc instead of the asset itself

    3. The network will be upgraded to Constantinople & Petersburg at block height of 7280000. L, Z, b show that it will be upgraded on March 1, 2019 Beijing time. I don't know if the upgrade is successful
    4. The bifurcation of Ethereum Constantinople is about to begin. Many people are curious about this bifurcation and are not sure whether they need to be prepared in advance
    to put it simply: if you are only the holder of eth, you don't need to make any preparation for this upgrade.
    5. It's been more than two weeks! One of Kushen cold wallet is hardware, and the other is connected with AP. Its private key doesn't touch the Internet. If you don't touch the Internet, hackers can't steal your digital currency! In addition to these, it also has an information function. I can't miss any major digital currency information. I just brush it in the morning and at night, which is very convenient. The most powerful thing is that it also has a digital currency hard bifurcation scheme, which can be solved by scanning the code. It's great!
    6. Can go to ZB, relatively simple
    7. It depends on how limited your funds are. Millions, thousands or tens of thousands. Easybtc is recommended. You can earn a lot without service charge
    8. This number is not fixed, because the price of bitcoin is constantly changing. The highest price of bitcoin is more than $19000. At present, the price of bitcoin is around $4000. You can log in to the bitcoin exchange to view the bitcoin market in real time.
    9. Walk to yingmenkou overpass north station in Cheng, take bus No.48, get off at Qinglong Street station, and walk to Cheng housing provident fund management center at Dongyu Heyan Street Station (8 stops), 170 meters. Take bus No.37 and get off at Qinglong Street station. But it's a short walk after you get off the bus NO.48. Or you can take a taxi, about 16 yuan.
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