Mining cost of Ethereum bitcoin
Publish: 2021-05-27 14:42:25
1. Firstly, the cost of bitcoin mining can be divided into three parts:
1. Machine cost: the cost of purchasing mining machine
2. Power cost: the power cost consumed by machine mining
3. Auxiliary costs: personnel maintenance, network, cable consumables, heat dissipation, etc.
for a simple example, take the mining machine of ant S9, which consumes less power on the market, for example, the calculation power is 13.5T, and the power consumption is 1400W
when the mining machine runs for 24 hours: 1.4kw * 24 = 33.6 degrees
Shenma m3, which consumes more power on the market, has a calculation power of 11.5t, The power consumption is 2150w
under 24-hour operation, the power consumption of a single machine is 2.15kw * 24 = 51.6oc
which is roughly equivalent to the power consumption of energy-saving air conditioning, but the bitcoin miner needs 24-hour uninterrupted operation, the power consumption of a single machine is very large after a year's calculation, and the step price cost of household electricity is too high, When the market is not good, the income may not be enough for the electricity expenditure, so at present, mining will choose to be hosted in the mine, which can get cheap electricity and rece the cost price of mining. The price below 30% is the ideal price, which can keep the price of bitcoin falling to a low level, and there is still some income< According to the current mining difficulty of bitcoin:
BTC revenue per ton: 1th / s * 24h = 0.00007087btc
calculated by the comprehensive 12t machine computing power, the daily output is:
0.00007087t * 12t = 0.00085044btc
then the time required for a single machine to dig a BTC:
1 / 0.00085044 = 1175 days
the time required for ten mining machines to dig a BTC:
1 / 0.0085044 = 117 days
100 days In other words, according to the current difficulty, it takes about three years for a single miner to proce a bitcoin, 3.9 months for ten miners to dig a bitcoin, and 11.7 days for a hundred miners to dig a bitcoin. The cost of a single miner is about 8500, Ten are around 85000, one hundred is 850000, less than one million, and one month's income is more than two bitcoins. According to the current price of bitcoin, the price is about 120000. So, although the income of bitcoin mining is not as good as before, it is still considerable compared with other investment projects
however, these benefits do not include decting the cost of electricity charges and later maintenance of machines, so the premise of mining is to find a mine with low electricity charges. If the quantity is large, we need to find a safe, reliable and stable mine. What's more, we need cheap electricity to lower the cost price.
1. Machine cost: the cost of purchasing mining machine
2. Power cost: the power cost consumed by machine mining
3. Auxiliary costs: personnel maintenance, network, cable consumables, heat dissipation, etc.
for a simple example, take the mining machine of ant S9, which consumes less power on the market, for example, the calculation power is 13.5T, and the power consumption is 1400W
when the mining machine runs for 24 hours: 1.4kw * 24 = 33.6 degrees
Shenma m3, which consumes more power on the market, has a calculation power of 11.5t, The power consumption is 2150w
under 24-hour operation, the power consumption of a single machine is 2.15kw * 24 = 51.6oc
which is roughly equivalent to the power consumption of energy-saving air conditioning, but the bitcoin miner needs 24-hour uninterrupted operation, the power consumption of a single machine is very large after a year's calculation, and the step price cost of household electricity is too high, When the market is not good, the income may not be enough for the electricity expenditure, so at present, mining will choose to be hosted in the mine, which can get cheap electricity and rece the cost price of mining. The price below 30% is the ideal price, which can keep the price of bitcoin falling to a low level, and there is still some income< According to the current mining difficulty of bitcoin:
BTC revenue per ton: 1th / s * 24h = 0.00007087btc
calculated by the comprehensive 12t machine computing power, the daily output is:
0.00007087t * 12t = 0.00085044btc
then the time required for a single machine to dig a BTC:
1 / 0.00085044 = 1175 days
the time required for ten mining machines to dig a BTC:
1 / 0.0085044 = 117 days
100 days In other words, according to the current difficulty, it takes about three years for a single miner to proce a bitcoin, 3.9 months for ten miners to dig a bitcoin, and 11.7 days for a hundred miners to dig a bitcoin. The cost of a single miner is about 8500, Ten are around 85000, one hundred is 850000, less than one million, and one month's income is more than two bitcoins. According to the current price of bitcoin, the price is about 120000. So, although the income of bitcoin mining is not as good as before, it is still considerable compared with other investment projects
however, these benefits do not include decting the cost of electricity charges and later maintenance of machines, so the premise of mining is to find a mine with low electricity charges. If the quantity is large, we need to find a safe, reliable and stable mine. What's more, we need cheap electricity to lower the cost price.
2. At present, the most popular way of bitcoin trading is contract trading. According to the rise and fall of the price, it is far better to obtain income than the traditional mining and direct trading. After all, there is no need to really hold virtual currency, just need to judge whether the price is up or down, which is very suitable for the existing investors, simple and convenient
3. The token of Ethereum is proced in the process of mining, with a mining rate of 5 Ethereum coins per piece. The mining process of Ethereum is almost the same as that of bitcoin. For each transaction, miners can use the computer to run the unique title metadata of the block through hash function, and guess the answer repeatedly and quickly until one of them wins
many new users believe that the sole purpose of mining is to generate ether in a way that does not require a central issuer (see our guide "what is ether?"). It's true. The token of Ethereum is proced in the process of mining, with a mining rate of 5 Ethereum coins per piece. But mining is at least as important. Usually, banks are responsible for keeping accurate records of transactions. They make sure that money is not created out of thin air and that users don't cheat and spend money many times. However, blockchain introces a new way to keep records, the whole network instead of intermediary, to verify transactions and add them to the public ledger
Ethereum mining
although "no trust" or "trust minimization" monetary system is the goal, there are still people who need to ensure the security of financial records and ensure that no one cheats. Mining is one of the innovations that makes decentralized records possible. Miners have reached a consensus on the history of transactions in terms of preventing fraud (especially double spending on ether) - an interesting issue that hasn't been addressed before the decentralized currency works on the blockchain. While Ethereum is looking at other ways to reach a consensus on the effectiveness of the deal, mining currently keeps the platform together
how mining works
today, the mining process of Ethereum is almost the same as that of bitcoin. For each transaction, the miner can use the computer to guess the answer repeatedly and quickly until one of them wins. More specifically, the miner will run the unique header metadata (including time stamp and software version) of the block through the hash function (which will return a fixed length, unordered string of numbers and letters, which appears to be random), changing only the 'nonce value', which will affect the hash value of the result
if the miner finds a hash that matches the current target, the miner will be granted ether and broadcast the block across the network for each node to verify and add to their own ledger . If miner B finds the hash, miner a stops working on the current block and repeats the process for the next block. It's hard for miners to cheat in this game. There is no way to fake the work and come up with the right answer to the puzzle. That's why solving puzzles is called "proof of work."
on the other hand, others have little time to verify whether the hash value is correct, which is exactly what each node does. About every 12-15 seconds, a miner finds a stone. If the miner starts to solve the puzzle faster or slower than this, the algorithm will automatically re adjust the difficulty of the problem so that the miner can rebound to about 12 seconds of solution time
miners earn these ethers randomly, and their profitability depends on their luck and the computing power they put in. The specific workload verification algorithm used by Ethereum is called "ethash", which aims to require more memory, making it difficult to mine with expensive ASIC. Special mining chips are now the only profitable way to mine bitcoin
in a sense, ethash may have achieved this goal successfully, because dedicated ASIC is not available for Ethereum (at least not yet). In addition, as Ethereum aims to shift from proof of work mining to "proof of equity" (which we will discuss below), buying ASIC may not be a wise choice because it may not prove useful for a long time< However, Ethereum may never need miners. Developers plan to abandon proof of work, the algorithm currently used by the network to determine which transactions are valid and protect them from tampering to support proof of equity, which is guaranteed by token owners. If and when the algorithm is launched, proof of equity can become a means to achieve distributed consensus, and the consensus uses less resources.
many new users believe that the sole purpose of mining is to generate ether in a way that does not require a central issuer (see our guide "what is ether?"). It's true. The token of Ethereum is proced in the process of mining, with a mining rate of 5 Ethereum coins per piece. But mining is at least as important. Usually, banks are responsible for keeping accurate records of transactions. They make sure that money is not created out of thin air and that users don't cheat and spend money many times. However, blockchain introces a new way to keep records, the whole network instead of intermediary, to verify transactions and add them to the public ledger
Ethereum mining
although "no trust" or "trust minimization" monetary system is the goal, there are still people who need to ensure the security of financial records and ensure that no one cheats. Mining is one of the innovations that makes decentralized records possible. Miners have reached a consensus on the history of transactions in terms of preventing fraud (especially double spending on ether) - an interesting issue that hasn't been addressed before the decentralized currency works on the blockchain. While Ethereum is looking at other ways to reach a consensus on the effectiveness of the deal, mining currently keeps the platform together
how mining works
today, the mining process of Ethereum is almost the same as that of bitcoin. For each transaction, the miner can use the computer to guess the answer repeatedly and quickly until one of them wins. More specifically, the miner will run the unique header metadata (including time stamp and software version) of the block through the hash function (which will return a fixed length, unordered string of numbers and letters, which appears to be random), changing only the 'nonce value', which will affect the hash value of the result
if the miner finds a hash that matches the current target, the miner will be granted ether and broadcast the block across the network for each node to verify and add to their own ledger . If miner B finds the hash, miner a stops working on the current block and repeats the process for the next block. It's hard for miners to cheat in this game. There is no way to fake the work and come up with the right answer to the puzzle. That's why solving puzzles is called "proof of work."
on the other hand, others have little time to verify whether the hash value is correct, which is exactly what each node does. About every 12-15 seconds, a miner finds a stone. If the miner starts to solve the puzzle faster or slower than this, the algorithm will automatically re adjust the difficulty of the problem so that the miner can rebound to about 12 seconds of solution time
miners earn these ethers randomly, and their profitability depends on their luck and the computing power they put in. The specific workload verification algorithm used by Ethereum is called "ethash", which aims to require more memory, making it difficult to mine with expensive ASIC. Special mining chips are now the only profitable way to mine bitcoin
in a sense, ethash may have achieved this goal successfully, because dedicated ASIC is not available for Ethereum (at least not yet). In addition, as Ethereum aims to shift from proof of work mining to "proof of equity" (which we will discuss below), buying ASIC may not be a wise choice because it may not prove useful for a long time< However, Ethereum may never need miners. Developers plan to abandon proof of work, the algorithm currently used by the network to determine which transactions are valid and protect them from tampering to support proof of equity, which is guaranteed by token owners. If and when the algorithm is launched, proof of equity can become a means to achieve distributed consensus, and the consensus uses less resources.
4. How hot is it? I've heard about mining! Not through computer equipment, are basically liars! It's all about blockchains. So as to cheat some small white user's money! Of course, some people make money! Most people don't make money, you know! Like you!
5. Making money with low-cost electricity resources
6. The price of bitcoin has gone up abruptly, and the old miners who left the mine have begun to return. Many new people have also poured into the mining instry. However, the price has gone up, and the difficulty of mining bitcoin is also rising. How can we make money from mining now
- - talking about the mining cost of bitcoin -
the first thing to consider is the cost if you want to make money. If the profit is greater than the cost, it is worth doing. We all know how much bitcoin costs, so let's calculate the cost
1. Mining machine cost: the "number" of bitcoin is a problem-solving process, which can't be calculated by human brain alone. Therefore, mining people need to buy mining machines and keep calculating. The more mining machines, the stronger the computing power
2. Electricity charges: mining machines are big consumers of high power. How much electricity does it consume? Let's put it this way. At present, the electricity consumption of bitcoin and Ethereum mining has surpassed Jordan, Iceland, Libya and other small countries, ranking 71st among all countries and regions in the world. You want to cry when electricity is expensive
3. The rent of the place where the mining machine is placed: because the mining machine consumes a lot of electricity, the power supply load of ordinary residential buildings can not be guaranteed at all, so the mining must rent a commercial site separately, and the rent is much more expensive than that of ordinary residential buildings
4. Operation cost: in order to ensure the computing power, the high-power mining machine needs to work 24 hours, which requires someone to maintain it at any time. When the mining machine is in trouble, the cost of hiring someone is required; At the same time, the mining machine is very delicate. If it is too hot or too cold, the vegetables will be stopped. Therefore, the measures of cold air and cold water insulation are needed to help the mining machine run. This is another expense
5. Mining machine update cost: because bitcoin is becoming more and more difficult to dig, the machine that was able to dig a month ago may not be able to dig anything today, and the market will also launch mining machines with greater computing power. The original mining machine is not worth money immediately. If you want to maintain computing power, you need to buy mining machines again
the above bitcoin mining costs all have a marginal effect, that is, the larger the volume is, the lower the corresponding cost will be. Therefore, some super large mines have been built
bitcoin g in the mine will enter the mine pool and be distributed by all participants. Large mines will be built in places where labor and electricity are cheap, such as Venezuela, the legendary miner's paradise, or Iceland, where the climate is favorable and electricity is cheap
as for the cost, everyone will be different. Let's take a look at an average: in 2017, according to the data of elite fixtures, a research institution, Venezuela is the cheapest of 115 mining countries, which is 513 US dollars, while South Korea is the most expensive, which is 26170 us dollars
China's mining cost is US $3172, which is relatively low among 115 countries. However, the cost is an average value. Large mines with low electricity prices must be much lower. If you are a lone ranger, the cost will rise sharply
in a word, if you really want to make money by mining, first of all, unless you are rich enough to build a mine with thousands of machines, you'd better join a mine to dig together. Although you have to share the money, it's still appropriate in the long run because it can greatly rece costs and improve computing power
secondly, whether you dig by yourself or join the mine, you must choose the place with low electricity cost, and the city with abundant hydropower resources is preferred, because hydropower is the cheapest source of power generation in China at present.
- - talking about the mining cost of bitcoin -
the first thing to consider is the cost if you want to make money. If the profit is greater than the cost, it is worth doing. We all know how much bitcoin costs, so let's calculate the cost
1. Mining machine cost: the "number" of bitcoin is a problem-solving process, which can't be calculated by human brain alone. Therefore, mining people need to buy mining machines and keep calculating. The more mining machines, the stronger the computing power
2. Electricity charges: mining machines are big consumers of high power. How much electricity does it consume? Let's put it this way. At present, the electricity consumption of bitcoin and Ethereum mining has surpassed Jordan, Iceland, Libya and other small countries, ranking 71st among all countries and regions in the world. You want to cry when electricity is expensive
3. The rent of the place where the mining machine is placed: because the mining machine consumes a lot of electricity, the power supply load of ordinary residential buildings can not be guaranteed at all, so the mining must rent a commercial site separately, and the rent is much more expensive than that of ordinary residential buildings
4. Operation cost: in order to ensure the computing power, the high-power mining machine needs to work 24 hours, which requires someone to maintain it at any time. When the mining machine is in trouble, the cost of hiring someone is required; At the same time, the mining machine is very delicate. If it is too hot or too cold, the vegetables will be stopped. Therefore, the measures of cold air and cold water insulation are needed to help the mining machine run. This is another expense
5. Mining machine update cost: because bitcoin is becoming more and more difficult to dig, the machine that was able to dig a month ago may not be able to dig anything today, and the market will also launch mining machines with greater computing power. The original mining machine is not worth money immediately. If you want to maintain computing power, you need to buy mining machines again
the above bitcoin mining costs all have a marginal effect, that is, the larger the volume is, the lower the corresponding cost will be. Therefore, some super large mines have been built
bitcoin g in the mine will enter the mine pool and be distributed by all participants. Large mines will be built in places where labor and electricity are cheap, such as Venezuela, the legendary miner's paradise, or Iceland, where the climate is favorable and electricity is cheap
as for the cost, everyone will be different. Let's take a look at an average: in 2017, according to the data of elite fixtures, a research institution, Venezuela is the cheapest of 115 mining countries, which is 513 US dollars, while South Korea is the most expensive, which is 26170 us dollars
China's mining cost is US $3172, which is relatively low among 115 countries. However, the cost is an average value. Large mines with low electricity prices must be much lower. If you are a lone ranger, the cost will rise sharply
in a word, if you really want to make money by mining, first of all, unless you are rich enough to build a mine with thousands of machines, you'd better join a mine to dig together. Although you have to share the money, it's still appropriate in the long run because it can greatly rece costs and improve computing power
secondly, whether you dig by yourself or join the mine, you must choose the place with low electricity cost, and the city with abundant hydropower resources is preferred, because hydropower is the cheapest source of power generation in China at present.
7. Core developer Mike Hearn: why bitcoin should be forked
2015-08-17 09:17:38 Views: key words: Mike
related reading: Mike Hearn: internal contradictions in the enterprise prevent Google from accepting bitcoin
Yes, it's coming. The community is beginning to separate, and bitcoin is about to bifurcate: including software, and perhaps blockchain. The two sides of the split are bitcoin core and the micro variant program based on the same program, called bitcoin XT. On August 16, Beijing time, there is now a full version of bitcoin XT
this bifurcation has never happened before. I want to explain this from the perspective of bitcoin XT developers: it can't be said that it hasn't been communicated enough
bitcoin bifurcation, this topic may make many people curious, so this article is written for ordinary readers. It doesn't involve the knowledge that has been debated before
the original version of bitcoin was carefully arranged by Nakamoto, and has always been very clear. The debate is about growth. In 2008, he answered the first question about the design of bitcoin, saying:
visa processed 37 billion transactions in fiscal year 2008, or an average of 100 million transactions per day. So many deals require 100GB of bandwidth = 12 DVDs or 2 HD quality movies = about $18 of bandwidth at the current price
assuming that the bitcoin network reaches this scale, it will take several years. By then, sending two HD movies over the Internet may not be a big deal
at that time, he was more tired of bitcoin expansion than any of us. His plan is to make bitcoin popular from the beginning, and he knows that this success will change how people use his system. In 2010, he said, "it's good that we keep [blockchain] files as small as possible
the final solution will not care how big it (blockchain file) becomes
but now, while it is still small, keep it in a small state, and the growth of new users will be faster. When I finally implement client only mode, it's no longer a problem
"
in 2011, through a series of calculations, I expanded the expansion intuition of Nakamoto in detail: if bitcoin becomes so popular, will it completely replace visa? The answer is that his plan is credible - you don't need anything else but a computer, even if there's so much traffic. Before he left, I also implemented the model he talked about
it was Nakamoto's plan that brought us together. It has changed the lives of thousands of people around the world. Some of us give up our jobs, others devote their spare time to the project, others set up companies and even travel around the world. This is an idea that ordinary people can complete mutual payment through blockchain and create this global community
that's the vision I signed, and that's the vision Gavin Andresen signed, and that's the vision signed by millions of developers, founders of startups, evangelists, and users around the world
and this vision is now in danger. In recent months, it's clear that a small group of people have completely different plans for bitcoin. These people have never really understood Nakamoto's intention because they are worried about success, if the technology has never been improved, if people can't run bitcoin on their home computers? Doesn't this make bitcoin move away from centralization and more like banking? What if people start to rely on bitcoin, even if it's imperfect
now, Nakamoto has chosen to disappear, and they want to make a major change: substantially increase transaction costs, end support for mobile P2P wallets, give up unconfirmed transactions, and many things that have never been found in the project's founding documents
the so-called lightning network, which is about to be promoted as a substitute for Nakamoto's design, does not exist. The white paper describes that it was announced earlier this year, and if it can be realized, it will be a huge departure from the bitcoin we know and love. Pick one of the many differences, and a bitcoin address won't work. What they will be replaced with has not yet been worked out (because no one knows). There are many other surprising pitfalls that I mentioned in another article. What will it eventually proce to make our existing bitcoin network better? It is still extremely unclear
what happened to the free market
in theory, none of this should be a problem. Lightning network is built on the blockchain, but it needs a rather trivial upgrade process to achieve the best function. Of course, people are willing to explore this direction, which is entirely possible. If the jobs they set up are better than the existing ordinary bitcoin network, then the market will choose their way, if so... It is fair competition for them! The current design of bitcoin is unlikely to be the final version for payment. This is a reasonable imagination, one day it will be eliminated in the competition, or enhanced by something else
but our system is working today. It has an ecosystem, including developers, exchanges, wallets, ATMs, books, applications, conferences, and many people have learned how it works
if there was a free choice, would people decide to move to a completely different system
we don't know, but the people who are pushing these things don't want the market to make a decision. That's what happened
a long time ago, Nakamoto set up a temporary "mixed brand assembly computer": he limited the size of each block to 1 MB. He did so in order to keep the blockchain in a small state in the early days, until we now call it the creation of SPV wallet (that is, what Nakamoto calls "client only mode"). As mentioned above, when the time comes, it can be adjusted. It has never been said that it is permanent. In the end, it becomes irrelevant. In 2011, I wrote the first SPV tool with my respected colleague Andreas schildbach, and we built the first and most popular Android wallet together. Since then, SPV wallets have been used on major platforms. Therefore, Nakamoto's reasons for this temporary restriction have been solved a long time ago
with the continuous growth of bitcoin, its blocks are also growing. Reasonable traffic forecasts show that the block will reach the current system limit sometime next year, at the latest in 2017. Another bubble or pressure cycle will force us to exceed that limit before, and the result may not be beautiful.
so it's time to raise the upper limit, or delete it completely. That's our plan, and the problem starts: those who don't want to see bitcoin expand have decided to postpone the process. They saw a beautiful, one-time opportunity to forcibly transfer bitcoin's predetermined path to a completely different technological trajectory. They don't know what this alternative design will be, and of course they haven't built it yet. But it doesn't matter. They believe that by blocking the growth of the blockchain, they can "motivate" (that is, force) the bitcoin community to switch to different things, something more in line with their personal technical taste
why restrict blockchain
so far, I haven't explained much about these people or who they are. I think it's a very time-consuming and laborious thing to name names in this article, and it seems to be futile in the end. Presumably those who care about this matter already know it, and those who don't know it can't recognize the people who are involved in it
I just want to say that they are very few people who have access to the bitcoin core code base, or those who are convinced by their arguments
therefore, we will not discuss these arguments here, which has been too much. Gavin and I have written articles to analyze the questions raised by everyone to refute them. Sometimes the answer is some common sense, some will be more in-depth, need more work, such as network simulation
the best place to understand these controversies is in Gavin's blog. I hope to find a link to a collection of opinions similar to those refuting Gavin's point of view, but none of them
to sum up, in the long and hard debate, several different opposition groups:
if bitcoin approaches this limit, we will be stimulated to create something better
the limit should be raised, but it is not ready (the actual time is not specified)
if bitcoin is expanded and becomes more centralized, it will no longer be bitcoin< Other people: if the objections you support are not listed above, please check Gavin's blog and find out the answer
the first point may become a reality one day, but it is not comparable with the theoretical system on paper. But no one who has seen any alternative solutions on the table thinks they can be implemented within 12 months (see another example in the last paragraph, for example)... Even assuming they are better. This is also an example of the nirvana fallacy:
the nirvana fallacy refers to the name of the informal fallacy of some unrealistic and idealized substitutes for something more practical. It can also refer to the tendency to think that there is a perfect solution to a specific problem, so it is also called perfectionism fallacy
it's obviously advantageous to create an imitative dichotomy for a current choice. But it's also totally incredible. One who uses the nirvana fallacy can attack any opposing idea because it is imperfect. According to this fallacy, the choice is not between real-world solutions. One is a realistic solution, and the other is an impractical solution, which is the "better" choice between the two
the answer to the second objection is too vague. It is reasonable to believe that the overall upgrade of each bitcoin node may take one year, and the actual bitcoin network capacity overload will cause serious damage. We really should be ready before that. In the bitcoin development mailing list, there are two people who have professional capacity planning experience, and both of them have
2015-08-17 09:17:38 Views: key words: Mike
related reading: Mike Hearn: internal contradictions in the enterprise prevent Google from accepting bitcoin
Yes, it's coming. The community is beginning to separate, and bitcoin is about to bifurcate: including software, and perhaps blockchain. The two sides of the split are bitcoin core and the micro variant program based on the same program, called bitcoin XT. On August 16, Beijing time, there is now a full version of bitcoin XT
this bifurcation has never happened before. I want to explain this from the perspective of bitcoin XT developers: it can't be said that it hasn't been communicated enough
bitcoin bifurcation, this topic may make many people curious, so this article is written for ordinary readers. It doesn't involve the knowledge that has been debated before
the original version of bitcoin was carefully arranged by Nakamoto, and has always been very clear. The debate is about growth. In 2008, he answered the first question about the design of bitcoin, saying:
visa processed 37 billion transactions in fiscal year 2008, or an average of 100 million transactions per day. So many deals require 100GB of bandwidth = 12 DVDs or 2 HD quality movies = about $18 of bandwidth at the current price
assuming that the bitcoin network reaches this scale, it will take several years. By then, sending two HD movies over the Internet may not be a big deal
at that time, he was more tired of bitcoin expansion than any of us. His plan is to make bitcoin popular from the beginning, and he knows that this success will change how people use his system. In 2010, he said, "it's good that we keep [blockchain] files as small as possible
the final solution will not care how big it (blockchain file) becomes
but now, while it is still small, keep it in a small state, and the growth of new users will be faster. When I finally implement client only mode, it's no longer a problem
"
in 2011, through a series of calculations, I expanded the expansion intuition of Nakamoto in detail: if bitcoin becomes so popular, will it completely replace visa? The answer is that his plan is credible - you don't need anything else but a computer, even if there's so much traffic. Before he left, I also implemented the model he talked about
it was Nakamoto's plan that brought us together. It has changed the lives of thousands of people around the world. Some of us give up our jobs, others devote their spare time to the project, others set up companies and even travel around the world. This is an idea that ordinary people can complete mutual payment through blockchain and create this global community
that's the vision I signed, and that's the vision Gavin Andresen signed, and that's the vision signed by millions of developers, founders of startups, evangelists, and users around the world
and this vision is now in danger. In recent months, it's clear that a small group of people have completely different plans for bitcoin. These people have never really understood Nakamoto's intention because they are worried about success, if the technology has never been improved, if people can't run bitcoin on their home computers? Doesn't this make bitcoin move away from centralization and more like banking? What if people start to rely on bitcoin, even if it's imperfect
now, Nakamoto has chosen to disappear, and they want to make a major change: substantially increase transaction costs, end support for mobile P2P wallets, give up unconfirmed transactions, and many things that have never been found in the project's founding documents
the so-called lightning network, which is about to be promoted as a substitute for Nakamoto's design, does not exist. The white paper describes that it was announced earlier this year, and if it can be realized, it will be a huge departure from the bitcoin we know and love. Pick one of the many differences, and a bitcoin address won't work. What they will be replaced with has not yet been worked out (because no one knows). There are many other surprising pitfalls that I mentioned in another article. What will it eventually proce to make our existing bitcoin network better? It is still extremely unclear
what happened to the free market
in theory, none of this should be a problem. Lightning network is built on the blockchain, but it needs a rather trivial upgrade process to achieve the best function. Of course, people are willing to explore this direction, which is entirely possible. If the jobs they set up are better than the existing ordinary bitcoin network, then the market will choose their way, if so... It is fair competition for them! The current design of bitcoin is unlikely to be the final version for payment. This is a reasonable imagination, one day it will be eliminated in the competition, or enhanced by something else
but our system is working today. It has an ecosystem, including developers, exchanges, wallets, ATMs, books, applications, conferences, and many people have learned how it works
if there was a free choice, would people decide to move to a completely different system
we don't know, but the people who are pushing these things don't want the market to make a decision. That's what happened
a long time ago, Nakamoto set up a temporary "mixed brand assembly computer": he limited the size of each block to 1 MB. He did so in order to keep the blockchain in a small state in the early days, until we now call it the creation of SPV wallet (that is, what Nakamoto calls "client only mode"). As mentioned above, when the time comes, it can be adjusted. It has never been said that it is permanent. In the end, it becomes irrelevant. In 2011, I wrote the first SPV tool with my respected colleague Andreas schildbach, and we built the first and most popular Android wallet together. Since then, SPV wallets have been used on major platforms. Therefore, Nakamoto's reasons for this temporary restriction have been solved a long time ago
with the continuous growth of bitcoin, its blocks are also growing. Reasonable traffic forecasts show that the block will reach the current system limit sometime next year, at the latest in 2017. Another bubble or pressure cycle will force us to exceed that limit before, and the result may not be beautiful.
so it's time to raise the upper limit, or delete it completely. That's our plan, and the problem starts: those who don't want to see bitcoin expand have decided to postpone the process. They saw a beautiful, one-time opportunity to forcibly transfer bitcoin's predetermined path to a completely different technological trajectory. They don't know what this alternative design will be, and of course they haven't built it yet. But it doesn't matter. They believe that by blocking the growth of the blockchain, they can "motivate" (that is, force) the bitcoin community to switch to different things, something more in line with their personal technical taste
why restrict blockchain
so far, I haven't explained much about these people or who they are. I think it's a very time-consuming and laborious thing to name names in this article, and it seems to be futile in the end. Presumably those who care about this matter already know it, and those who don't know it can't recognize the people who are involved in it
I just want to say that they are very few people who have access to the bitcoin core code base, or those who are convinced by their arguments
therefore, we will not discuss these arguments here, which has been too much. Gavin and I have written articles to analyze the questions raised by everyone to refute them. Sometimes the answer is some common sense, some will be more in-depth, need more work, such as network simulation
the best place to understand these controversies is in Gavin's blog. I hope to find a link to a collection of opinions similar to those refuting Gavin's point of view, but none of them
to sum up, in the long and hard debate, several different opposition groups:
if bitcoin approaches this limit, we will be stimulated to create something better
the limit should be raised, but it is not ready (the actual time is not specified)
if bitcoin is expanded and becomes more centralized, it will no longer be bitcoin< Other people: if the objections you support are not listed above, please check Gavin's blog and find out the answer
the first point may become a reality one day, but it is not comparable with the theoretical system on paper. But no one who has seen any alternative solutions on the table thinks they can be implemented within 12 months (see another example in the last paragraph, for example)... Even assuming they are better. This is also an example of the nirvana fallacy:
the nirvana fallacy refers to the name of the informal fallacy of some unrealistic and idealized substitutes for something more practical. It can also refer to the tendency to think that there is a perfect solution to a specific problem, so it is also called perfectionism fallacy
it's obviously advantageous to create an imitative dichotomy for a current choice. But it's also totally incredible. One who uses the nirvana fallacy can attack any opposing idea because it is imperfect. According to this fallacy, the choice is not between real-world solutions. One is a realistic solution, and the other is an impractical solution, which is the "better" choice between the two
the answer to the second objection is too vague. It is reasonable to believe that the overall upgrade of each bitcoin node may take one year, and the actual bitcoin network capacity overload will cause serious damage. We really should be ready before that. In the bitcoin development mailing list, there are two people who have professional capacity planning experience, and both of them have
8. There are three types: application type, payment type and security type. Most of them are applied tokens. Singapore has other regulatory policies for securities and payment.
9. If halving leads to greater difficulty in mining, then the reward will surely be higher. Because bitcoin is graally scarce, it will rise. At present, bitcoin on bitoffer is US $9300. If it is halved and doubled, the later theoretical price is US $18600. Let's give it a discount. How can it be US $15000
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