Ethereum login security

1.

There is an essential difference between Ethereum and bitcoin. What is the difference? Bitcoin defines a set of currency system, while Ethereum focuses on building a main chain (which can be understood as a road) to allow a large number of blockchain applications to run on this road

from this point of view, Ethereum's application scenarios are more extensive, which is why we say that Ethereum marks a simple monetary system in the era of blockchain

1.0, and a transformation to other instries and application scenarios in the era of blockchain 2.0

however, there is no perfect thing in the world. Although Ethereum has expanded the application scope of blockchain in all walks of life and improved the speed of transaction processing, it also has some disputes and doubts

first, the solution to the lack of scalability of Ethereum: slicing technology and lightning network

the bottom design of Ethereum, the biggest problem is that Ethereum has only one chain and no side chain, which means that all programs have to run on this chain equally, consuming resources and causing system congestion. Just like last year's very popular Ethereum game "encryption cat", when this game was very popular, it once caused Ethereum network paralysis

to improve the processing capacity, Ethereum proposes two ways: shard and lightning network. Let's introce these two technologies respectively

(1) fragmentation technology

vitalik buterin, founder of Ethereum, believes that the reason why mainstream blockchain networks such as bitcoin process transactions very slowly is that every miner has to process every transaction in the whole network, which is actually very inefficient. The idea of fragmentation technology is: a transaction does not need to be processed by all nodes in the whole network, as long as some nodes (miners) in the network are allowed to process it. Therefore, Ethereum network is divided into many pieces. At the same time, each piece can handle different transactions. In this way, the network performance will be greatly improved

however, the slicing technology is also controversial. As we all know, the important idea of blockchain technology is decentralization. Only when the whole network witnesses (processes) the same transaction can it have the highest authority. The Ethereum slicing technology is similar to the group witness, not all nodes witness together. In this way, it will lose the absolute "decentralization" attribute, and can only achieve the purpose of high performance by sacrificing certain characteristics of decentralization

(2) lightning network

lightning network uses the way of transaction under the chain. What does that mean? It means: when the participants of lightning network transfer money to each other, they do not need to confirm the transaction through the main chain of Ethereum, but create a payment channel between the participants and complete it under the chain

however, lightning network is not separated from the main chain. Before establishing a payment channel, you need to use the assets on the main chain as collateral to generate a balance proof, which indicates that you can transfer the corresponding balance. In the case that both parties of the transaction hold the balance certificate, both parties can make unlimited number of transfers under the chain through the payment channel

only when the off chain transaction is completed and the assets need to be transferred back to the chain, the balance change information of the main chain account will be registered on the Ethereum main chain, and no matter how many transactions occur ring this period, there will be no record on the main chain

another real benefit of lightning network is that it can save the cost of miners for you. At present, when we trade on the main chain of Ethereum, we need to consume gas and pay for miners. Once we move the transaction to the lower chain, we can save this part of the cost

Of course, lightning network is not perfect. When using the lightning network, the assets on the main chain should be used as collateral; And this part of assets as collateral can not be used before the user completes the transaction under the chain. This also determines that lightning trading is only suitable for small transactions

the above is the problem of insufficient scalability of Ethereum, as well as the two main solutions: fragmentation technology and lightning network

Second, there are loopholes in Ethereum's smart contract and the infamous Dao event

Ethereum's smart contract is very powerful, but there are loopholes in any code. The biggest controversy of Ethereum's smart contract lies in the so-called loopholes, that is, security issues. According to relevant research, 34200 (about 3%) of the nearly 1 million smart contracts based on Ethereum contain security vulnerabilities, which will allow hackers to steal eth, freeze assets or delete contracts, such as the infamous Dao incident

(1) what does Dao mean

before introcing the Dao event, let's first introce what Dao is. Dao is the abbreviation of decentralized

autonomous organization, which can be understood as decentralized autonomous organization. From the perspective of Ethereum, Dao is a kind of contract or a combination of contracts on the blockchain, which is used to replace the government's review and complex intermediate proceres, so as to achieve an efficient and decentralized trust system. Therefore, Dao is not a specific organization, that is to say, there can be many Dao, all kinds of Dao

(2) the infamous Dao event

however, when we talk about Dao now, we basically refer to the Dao event, that is, the infamous hacker attack event we just mentioned. As we know, the English word "the" refers to "the Dao event". The Dao event

refers to "the Dao event", because we just said that Dao is not a specific organization, there can be many Dao, all kinds of Dao

in 2016, slock.it, a German company focusing on "smart locks", launched the Dao project on Ethereum in order to realize decentralized physical exchange (such as apartments and ships). Since April 30, 2016, the financing window has been open for 28 days

unexpectedly, this Dao project is very popular. It raised more than US $100 million in just half a month. By the end of the whole financing period, it raised a total of US $150 million. Therefore, it has become the largest crowdfunding project in history. However, it didn't last long. In June, hackers took advantage of the loopholes in the smart contract to successfully transfer more than 3.6 million Ethernet coins and put them into a Dao sub organization, which has the same structure as the Dao. At that time, the price of Ethernet currency fell directly from more than $20 to less than $13

this event shows that there are loopholes in smart contracts, and once the loopholes are exploited by hackers, the consequences will be very serious. This is why many people criticize Ethereum and say that its smart contract is not smart

to solve this problem, many foreign companies begin to provide code audit services in order to solve the vulnerability problem of smart contract. From a technical point of view, some teams are currently testing smart contracts. Most of these teams are led by professors from Harvard, Stanford and Yale, and some of them have obtained investment from leading institutions

in addition to the problems of insufficient expansibility and loopholes in smart contracts, the controversy over Ethereum lies in the POS consensus mechanism it pursues, that is, the proof of equity mechanism. Under the proof of equity mechanism, if anyone holds more money and holds it for a longer time, he will get more "rights" (interests) and have the opportunity to get bookkeeping power, Bookkeeping can also be rewarded. In this way, it is easy to create the oligarchic advantage of "the stronger the stronger"

Another problem is the chaos of ICO. ICO is a common way to raise funds for blockchain projects, which we can understand as pre-sale. The outbreak of ICO projects on Ethereum has caused illegal activities such as fund allocation and money fraud under the banner of ICO, which has caused security risks to social and financial stability

2. Really, Ethereum itself is a kind of virtual digital currency. When trading, it is a string of numbers. How can there be a fake? ZB trading has been going on for many years

3. Note that Ethereum is 2.0 now. As of 13:57 on the 4th, the current deposit contract address of Ethereum 2.0 has received 1000098eth, and 31252 addresses have completed the mortgage of 32eth. With the increasing number of mortgage, the annual yield of mortgage will graally decrease. After the mortgage amount reaches 1 million eth, the current annualized yield is about 15.7%. Zhongyuan, a well-known exchange, has taken the lead in opening the mining channel of eth2.0 verification node, and then launched qeth. Users can invest their own eth in verification node mining and exchange qeth to obtain liquidity, and then participate in mining. Compared with the disadvantages of eth2.0, qeth has too many things: the liquidity is guaranteed, the user does not have to bear the technical cost, the threshold of participation does not need 32 eth as low as 0.1eth, the nodes are maintained by the platform, and the income is distributed according to eth2.0.

4. Ethereum is not a scam, but there are countless scams designed by criminals around Ethereum. The best way to avoid Ethereum scams is not to trust the guaranteed return on investment and manage your own money bag. Choose a formal digital currency exchange to invest. At present, the mainstream digital currency transactions in the market are all coin security, fire coin network, bitnet, etc.

5. You have a wrong understanding of some basic definitions of futures.
stock index futures can be short. Futures can be bought before selling, or sold before buying.
when you think that the price of CSI 300 index futures will fall, you can sell first, wait for the market to fall, and then buy and close out, The specific trading process is as follows:
Future bullish (buy up) = buy open --- sell close
Future bearish (buy down) = sell open --- buy close
if you are not clear, please contact me

6. Atoken wallet is an earlier decentralized digital wallet supporting Ethereum and its smart contract token in China. Atoken wallet can store the storage and transfer of eth, and also support the storage and transfer of all tokens of Ethereum smart contract.

7. What is the age of intentional injury? 14-16 if the victim is not seriously injured or died, he will not bear criminal responsibility
it is impossible for an aunt to take her to surrender herself to the crime of harboring. Of course, perjury may constitute the crime of shielding
according to what you said, it's still in the investigation stage. You find out that the case is handled by that branch or police station, and the person is in that branch or police station. It's not hard to find such a big person, is it
when the public security organ interrogates a minor, it is necessary to inform the guardian to be present. If you are not informed to be present, you can claim that the other party's means of obtaining evidence is illegal in the prosecution stage, and the confession obtained in this way should be excluded. That is, the court will not accept the evidence obtained by the other party
at present, it is only the investigation stage. You can consult the local lawyer or entrust a lawyer to provide legal help. To protect the legitimate rights and interests of children and aunts. I advise you not to be in a hurry. If the injury is not serious, you should not be sentenced. As long as there is no perjury, the aunt will come out after investigation. It's going to be fine.