The function of Ethereum transaction signature

1.

what is Ethereum:

Ethereum is an innovation based on the application of technologies and concepts in bitcoin to computers. Ethereum itself imitates a lot of bitcoin technology to maintain the computer platform. blockchain technology is one of them
Ethereum platform can safely run any program users want

advantages of Ethereum over other competitive currencies before Ethereum appeared, some digital currencies imitated bitcoin. However, these projects have their own shortcomings, they can only support one or several specific applications at the same time< However, the reason why Ethereum can surpass the limitations of these projects in the past is because of the core idea of Ethereum

what Ethereum wants to implement is a blockchain protocol with built-in programming language. Since it supports programming language, in theory, any blockchain application can be defined with this language, and then run on Ethereum's blockchain protocol as an application

The design of Ethereum is very flexible and adaptable

Ethereum target sets the advantages of blockchain technology, in order to add the advantages of blockchain, such as decentralization, openness and security, to almost all computing fields

blockchain applications of Ethereum

Ethereum has many blockchain applications, such as digital applications of gold and stocks, financial derivatives applications, DNS and digital authentication, etc

Ethereum has achieved more than 100 blockchain applications by many start-ups

Ethereum has also been closely watched by some financial institutions, banking consortia (such as R3), as well as large companies like Samsung, Deloitte, RWE and IBM. As a result, a number of blockchain applications such as simplified and automated financial transactions, merchant loyalty index tracking, and gift cards designed to achieve decentralization of electronic transactions have emerged

the relationship between Ethereum and blockchain:

Ethereum is a programmable blockchain

Ethereum does not give users a series of preset operations (such as bitcoin transaction), but allows users to create complex operations according to their own wishes

in this way, Ethereum can be used as a platform for various types of decentralized blockchain applications, including but not limited to cryptocurrency

like other blockchains, Ethereum also has a peer-to-peer network protocol. Ethereum blockchain database is maintained and updated by many nodes connected to the network. Each network node runs the Ethereum simulator and executes the same instructions. Therefore, people sometimes call Ethereum "world computer"

2.

Transaction

the behavior of blockchain transaction follows different rule sets

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e to the distributed and unlicensed nature of public blockchain, anyone can sign the transaction and broadcast it to the network

according to different blockchains, traders will be charged a certain transaction fee, which depends on the needs of users rather than the value of assets in the transaction

blockchain transactions do not require any central authority verification. It only needs to use the digital signature algorithm (DSA) corresponding to its blockchain to sign it with the private key

once a transaction is signed, broadcast to the network and mined into a successful block in the network, the transaction cannot be recovered

Ethereum transaction structure

Ethereum transaction data structure: transaction 0.1 eth

{
& 39; nonce':&# 39; 0x00', // Decimal: 0
& 39; gasLimit': &# 39; 0x5208', // Decimal system: 21000
& 39; gasPrice': &# 39; 0x3b9aca00', // Decimal system: 10000000000
& 39; to': &# 39;&# 39; ，// Sending address
& 39; value': &# 39; 0x16345785d8a0000',// 100000000000000000 ，10^17
' data': &# 39; 0x', // Decimal representation of null data; chainId': 1 / / blockchain network ID
}

these data have nothing to do with the transaction content, but have something to do with the execution mode of the transaction. This is because when you send a transaction in Ethereum, you must define some other parameters to tell miners how to handle your transaction. Transaction data structure has two attribute designs & quot; gas": & quot; gasPrice",& quot; gasLimit"

" gasPrice": The unit is Gwei, which is 1 / 1000 eth, indicating the transaction cost

& quot; gasLimit": The maximum gas charge allowed for the transaction

these two values are usually filled in automatically by the wallet provider

in addition, you need to specify which Ethereum network to execute the transaction (chainid): 1 represents the Ethereum main network

ring development, tests are usually carried out locally and on the test network, and transactions are carried out through the test eth issued by the test network to avoid economic losses. After the test, enter the main network transaction

in addition, if you need to submit some other data, you can use & quot; data" And & quot; nonce" Attach as part of a transaction

a nonce (number used only once) is the value used by Ethereum to track transactions, which helps to avoid double spending and replay attacks in the network

Ethereum transaction signature

Ethereum transaction involves ECDSA algorithm. Taking JavaScript code as an example, the popular ethers.js is used to call ECDSA algorithm for transaction signature

const ethers = require(' ethers')

const signer = new ethers.Wallet(' Wallet address

signer.signTransaction({

' nonce':&# 39; 0x00', // Decimal: 0

& 39; gasLimit': &# 39; 0x5208', // Decimal: 21000

& 39; gasPrice': &# 39; 0x3b9aca00', // Decimal 10000000000

& 39; to': &# 39;&# 39; ，// Sending address

& 39; value': &# 39; 0x16345785d8a0000',// 100000000000000000 ，10^17

' data': &# 39; 0x', // Decimal representation of null data

& 39; chainId': 1 / / blockchain network ID

})

. Then (console. Log)

you can use the online application composer to deliver signed transactions to Ethereum. This is known as "offline signature.". Offline signatures are particularly useful for applications such as status channels, which are smart contracts that track the balance between two accounts and transfer funds after a signed transaction is submitted. Offline signature is also a common practice in dexes

you can also use online wallet to create signature verification and broadcast through Ethereum account

with Portis, you can sign a transaction to interact with the gas station network (GSN)

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3. If you want to change pieces for pieces, you can change them in Gabriel immediately after you finish playing abyss mode

4. 1、 The new hero can get one or two pieces if he takes out the box. 2、 Every Sunday night and the next Monday night between 9:00-11:00, the mission must be three mission treasure chest, open to get crazy fragments, and then Sunday to Tuesday within three days, 12 crazy fragments exchange for a hero fragment or a skin fragment. 3、 In order to seize the treasure, you have a chance to draw heroes or skin fragments. Fourth, you can recharge the activity to get skin fragments, and recharge the specified amount of tickets to the specified number of skin fragments. 5、 For example, you already have this hero, and then through the exchange of this hero, it will be converted into the corresponding number of hero fragments. I'm not sure about the rest..

5. The unit of dynamic compaction energy is kn. M. the specific calculation method is the weight of the dynamic compaction hammer (kg) multiplied by the lifting height of the dynamic compaction hammer (from the bottom of the hammer to the starting surface of the ground). For example, 3000kN. M dynamic compaction is that 20t dynamic compaction hammer is lifted to 15m height, and then the free falling body impacts the ground, and the energy generated is 3000kN. M
heavy tamping energy is mainly reflected in the large tonnage rammer. Due to the safety factors, the boom of the dynamic rammer is not as long as the crawler crane, so the maximum lifting height of the guide rammer is about 20m (supplemented by the gantry). Therefore, in order to increase the tamping energy, we can only find a way on the dynamic rammer, such as 100t combined hammer (e to the limitation of road transportation, the large tonnage rammer is mostly combined hammer)
the size of tamping energy will also lead to the difference of tamping point layout, and the distribution of small tamping energy will be much closer than that of large tamping energy. The impact depth of different dynamic compaction energy is different, so the impact energy has a great relationship with the filling depth.

6. In the past, you could get fragments for a mission, but now you can't.

7. Participate in spring training camp activities, some of which are rewarded with thanksgiving skin fragments. To 300 pieces to exchange, but can exchange for the general skin, personal feeling is not worth it

8. 1、 DNF inheritance package upgrade process strategy: the first is CC package
CC upgrade is limited to 5-piece sets, that is to say, if you have 40-45 sets, you can jump all the way to 55-60cc in the future
the 3-piece set cannot be upgraded, and the weapon cannot be upgraded
but don't spit blood even if you buy a 3-piece set of CC. It will be open to the public in the future.

9. DNF's different dimensional fragments are the materials needed to exchange the equipment of the third phase of the brave. They can't be traded. They can be dropped from any one of the three ancient maps through customs clearance. Among them, only elite monsters can drop from Bakar 2.3.4.5.6

black earth 2.3.4.5.6
nihilism 2.3.4.5 Kill the three ancient bosses to have a certain chance to get mission items. Among them, 6 different dimensional crystals are exchanged for 1 different dimensional fragment to give breath to your class's equipment. If the equipment is broken, you will get a different dimensional fragment. If the enhanced ancient empowerment fails, the number of different dimensional fragments will increase (plus 7, you will break about 10). So you know the local tyrant. But not their own professional suits can not be given, the scarlet letter can not be given. Different dimensional fragments can also be exchanged for equipment, weapons, jewelry, and the number of fragments needed in different parts of the store is different.