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Organic fertilizer is an important source of fertilizer for agricultural proction, which plays an important role in improving soil fertility, recing chemical fertilizer input, improving farmland fertility construction, improving crop yield and quality. However, the raw materials of organic fertilizer are generally instrial, agricultural and domestic wastes, which are widely used and have complex components, and are easy to be ignored. Objective understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of organic fertilizer and its application.
advantages of organic fertilizer

1. it is rich in nutrition, easy to decompose and relatively fast in fertilizer efficiency. It is a relatively balanced high-quality complete fertilizer with comprehensive nutrient elements and long-lasting fertilizer efficiency. It contains a large number of nutrient elements such as N, P, K, and medium and trace elements such as Ca, Mg, B, Zn, Mn, Mo, nitrogen, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus, phosphorus The total content of potassium is generally more than 8%. Under the action of soil beneficial microorganisms and organic colloid, the utilization efficiency of various fertilizers can be improved and the effect is lasting
   
2. organic fertilizer is an environment-friendly fertilizer that meets the requirements of the times. It can store water, save water, rece water loss and evaporation, and alleviate drought. It can rece the application of chemical fertilizer, rece the damage of saline alkali, regulate the soil, activate the active rate of microorganisms in the soil, overcome soil hardening, and increase soil air permeability
   
3. can improve the quality of agricultural procts, organic fertilizer can make the fruit color bright, neat, mature and concentrated, sugar content, sugar acid ratio, vitamin content of melon agricultural procts have improved, and taste better; With the increase of cotton fiber length, the quality of other crops has been improved, which is concive to expanding exports and raising prices
   
4. can improve the agronomic traits of crops, such as strong stem, dark green leaves, early flowering, high fruit setting rate, uniform grain size, good commodity of fruits and early marketing time
   
5. the content of beneficial microorganisms is high. After the organic fertilizer enters the soil, a variety of organic media will increase a variety of functional microorganisms in the soil, and a large number of secondary metabolites will be proced in the process of growth and reproction, which will promote the decomposition and transformation of organic matter, so as to directly or indirectly provide a variety of nutrients and irritants for crops, and promote and regulate the growth of crops. In addition, the advantages of organic fertilizer in the root system of crops are beneficial bacteria, which can inhibit the multiplication of harmful pathogens, enhance crop resistance and resistance, rece soil borne diseases and rece the incidence rate. Li >
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   disadvantages of organic fertilizer
   with the development of economy, the source of organic fertilizer is graally expanding. The current source of organic fertilizer is obviously different from that of small-scale peasant economy. Whether it is the source of agricultural proction or instrial waste, domestic garbage, etc., it may proce toxic and side effects, so it can not be ignored
   
   
   
   1. e to the influence of pests, livestock manure, crop straw and other organic wastes may contain more bacteria, insect eggs, grass seeds, etc. without strict treatment, they will cause crop diseases, insects and weeds; It is also possible to spread some pathogenic microorganisms harmful to human health through crops
      
   2. the accumulation of heavy metals and salts, the organic fertilizer mainly composed of municipal sludge and domestic waste, may contain higher heavy metals and salts; However, the manure made from the manure of livestock and poultry in large-scale farms, because the feed in the breeding process contains heavy metals and salt, these heavy metals and components will also remain in the manure, eventually leading to excessive heavy metals and salt in the organic manure based on this, if not properly treated or controlled, Heavy metal pollution in soil, salt accumulation and excessive heavy metal content in crops will be caused by long-term and large-scale application
      
   3. the influence of drug resies in animal excreta, e to the biological effect of drugs, the drugs are excreted in the form of PROTOFORM or metabolites in the form of feces and urine, and the organic manure proced on this basis will have the toxic and side effects of drugs.
   
   
   4. the organic manure proced has soil nutrient barrier, and some organic manure, such as poultry manure, stable manure and other nutrients are high, On the one hand, excessive one-time use will directly cause fertilizer damage, affect plant growth, and even destroy seedlings; On the other hand, it enhanced the nitrification of soil nitrogen, resulting in the accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen, which may increase the nitrate content of plants. However, some organic fertilizers with high C / N ratio, such as straw compost, compete with crops for nitrogen e to the needs of microbial activities, and cause nitrogen deficiency
      
   5. plant growth inhibition, untreated organic wastes and compost procts may have toxic effects on Seed Germination and seedling growth. According to the standards of composting at home and abroad, organic manure must be decomposed at more than 3 days and above 55 ℃ for safe use
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      specific usage of bio organic fertilizer
      bio organic fertilizer is a kind of fertilizer with the effect of microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer, which is composed of specific functional microorganisms and organic materials mainly from animal and plant resies, such as livestock manure and crop straw, after harmless treatment and decomposition
      
      
      
      1. the basic methods of applying bio organic fertilizer are: seedbed and sown crops, fertilizer application; For transplanting, it should be applied in hole or ditch; Top dressing should be applied in furrow in the form of ring or well. The depth and range of fertilization should be within the effective absorption limit of roots, and the contact area of roots should be increased as much as possible. After fertilization, it must be mixed with the soil and covered with new soil to keep moisture. In addition, it is necessary to wet the fertilized parts after fertilization, and keep the soil water holding capacity between 50% and 70% for a long time, so as to maintain the activity of microorganisms
         
      2. General requirements and management of fertilization: (1) when the pH value of soil is 5.5-8.5, the fertilizer effect is the best. If the pH value is too low or too high, the fertilizer should be applied after adjusting the pH value. It can't be used together with fungicides, herbicides, physiological acid fertilizer and physiological alkaline fertilizer. If it can't be avoided, the interval should be more than 48 hours
         
      3. when using bio organic fertilizer, the environmental temperature should not be lower than 5 ℃ or higher than 40 ℃, and the soil and air humidity should not be lower than 30%. When the temperature was lower than 5 ℃ or higher than 40 ℃, the strain grew slowly and the effect was poor
         
      4. bio organic fertilizer can not be used together with high sulfur fertilizer (such as ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, etc.), nor can it be applied in high sulfur soil
         
      5. the fertilizer should be stored in a place away from light and rain, and should not be put for a long time after opening the package. It is better to use it up at one time. If it can not be used up temporarily, the bag mouth should be tied tightly to avoid recing the fertilizer efficiency
         
      6. when it is mixed with chemical fertilizer, it should be mixed with the soil
         
      7. irrigation should be carried out in time when the soil is dry, and the application rate should be doubled when the soil organic matter content is too low
         
      8. should choose to wash the sprayer with detergent before spraying 4~6 p.m. after sunny day or 10 a.m. The base fertilizer and root irrigation should be covered with soil in time to avoid affecting the fertilizer efficiency
         
         
         special requirements for fertilizing objects ring fertilization
         
         1. for rice and aquatic crops: 40kg / 667m2 for rice, 100kg / 667m2 for lotus root, water bamboo, etc., and the last ploughing
            
         2. seedbed: 100kg per 667m2, spread with farmyard manure and a small amount of compound fertilizer, and mix well with soil
            
         3. perennial fruit trees and seedlings: in the first planting pit, 15-20kg per plant was mixed with farmyard manure, phosphate fertilizer, straw and soil; 2 kg per young tree per year, furrow application; For alt trees, 3-5kg per plant should be mixed with farmyard manure or chemical fertilizer and applied in furrow every spring; In the fruit expanding stage, 3-5kg per plant was mixed with farmyard manure and applied in furrow