How many branches can Ethereum branch
a brief history of etheric Classics (etc)
etheric classics began with an unfortunate event
in May 2016, the decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) held a token sale with the goal of establishing a blockchain based venture capital to fund future decentralized applications (dapps) in the ethereum ecosystem
basically, Dao is a complex smart contract that operates in a decentralized way - computer code that automatically performs tasks between multiple parties when conditions are met
despite its ambitious goals and successful token sales, Dao's code has a major vulnerability that allows attackers to steal eth from decentralized organizations
the attacker took advantage of this vulnerability in June 2016, triggering the infamous Dao hacking event, and maliciously stole eth worth about US $50 million
there is no doubt that Dao hacking has shocked Ethereum community and made eth price drop from $20 to $13
after the Dao hacking, the Ethereum community has to choose from three options
< UL >do nothing and try to bear the consequences of the attack
start soft bifurcation to recover funds
deploy a hard fork to recover the lost eth
both soft and hard bifurcations are significant network upgrades. However, soft fork allows users who are not upgraded to communicate with upgraded users, while hard fork is not backward compatible with previous versions
as developers realize that deploying soft forks will expose the network to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, Ethereum community decides to initiate hard forks to recover the funds lost in Dao hacking attacks
although this scheme is supported by most people, a small number of people in Ethereum community oppose it. They think that "code is the law" and blockchain network should be unchangeable
the failure of both sides to reach an agreement on the solution eventually led to the fragmentation of Ethereum blockchain
those who tried to recover the lost eth chose the hard fork and opened the Ethereum (ETH) blockchain as we know it today, while another group stayed on the original Ethereum classic (etc) chain
what problems does ethereal classic solve
Ethernet classic (etc) is a blockchain platform that allows developers to deploy smart contracts and dapps
although this function is the same as Ethereum (ETH), etc blockchain has two main differences
first of all, Ethereum classic community opposes tampering with distributed ledger and supports the view that "blockchain network cannot and should not be modified"
secondly, although there is no rigid upper limit on the total supply of eth, it is allowed to create 230 million etc at most by adopting the monetary policy of constant supply
as a bonus item, ethereal classic launched Atlantis hard bifurcation last year to increase the interaction with Ethereum and improve the privacy protection of transactions through ZK snarks
the trading platforms recommended by ethereal classic etc are: Fire coin, okex, AAX, etc strong>
The capacity of a block in bitcoin is 1m (megabytes). A transaction is between 250 and 500 bytes
according to this algorithm, a block contains about 4194.3 transactions
the confirmation time of a block in bitcoin is 10 minutes, so the seven transactions that a block can process per second may sometimes be less than seven
What are the consequences The bifurcations of
bitcoin are divided into hard bifurcations and soft bifurcations
hard fork means that when the block format or transaction format of bitcoin changes, the UN upgraded nodes refuse to verify the blocks proced by the upgraded nodes
the upgraded nodes can verify the blocks proced by the non upgraded nodes, and they continue the chain they think is correct, so they are divided into two chains
What is soft bifurcationsoft bifurcation means that when the data structure of bitcoin transaction changes,
UN upgraded nodes can verify the blocks proced by upgraded nodes,
and upgraded nodes can also verify the blocks proced by UN upgraded nodes
Ethereum uses fog computing. The data processing and applications of fog computing are concentrated in the devices at the edge of the network, rather than almost all stored in the cloud, which is an extension concept of cloud computing, which is more in line with the spirit of decentralization of blockchain. If all the storage and operations still stay on the centralized server, then it will not be a real blockchain
recently, the hot "ethereal cat" on Ethereum network has led to the congestion of Ethereum network. The problem is that the TPS concurrency per second of Ethereum is too low. The emergence of ethereumfog with fog computing will break the embarrassing situation of Ethereum network congestion, and add powerful decentralized storage and additional computing power to the chain.
Ethereum uses fog computing. The data processing and applications of fog computing are concentrated in the devices at the edge of the network, rather than almost all stored in the cloud, which is an extension concept of cloud computing, which is more in line with the spirit of decentralization of blockchain. If all the storage and operations still stay on the centralized server, then it will not be a real blockchain
recently, the hot "ethereal cat" on Ethereum network has led to the congestion of Ethereum network. The problem is that the TPS concurrency per second of Ethereum is too low. The emergence of ethereumfog with fog computing will break the embarrassing situation of Ethereum network congestion, and add powerful decentralized storage and additional computing power to the chain
the concept of fog computing may be unfamiliar to many chain friends, but it is the most important aspect of ether fog to attract investors. In fact, I have heard about the concept of fog computing for a long time, and I have always thought that fog computing is the future development direction. When it comes to fog computing, we should start with cloud computing. In fact, the cloud computing we see now evolves from the cluster of independent servers, that is, from the original centralized independent servers to large server clusters, but in the final analysis, it is still a form of centralized computing. Compared with cloud computing, which is the evolution of centralized computing, fog computing is to share computing tasks with various computing power devices around us, and realize the evolution of decentralized and distributed computing, which coincides with the philosophy of blockchain itself.
after Ethereum bifurcates into etheric fog, the two will exist and develop together< br />
compared with the existing cloud computing, fog computing does not rely on the remote server located in the central computer room, but intelligently connects to the nearest distributed computer resources, so as to achieve the most efficient utilization of computing resources. This topology is characterized by decentralized peer-to-peer network, which is a perfect match with blockchain. If cloud computing represents efficient computing power in the Internet era, then in the era of Internet of things and value networking blockchain, fog computing should be the most efficient way of computing power networking
therefore, compared with the evolution of cloud computing, which is a kind of centralized computing, fog computing is to share computing tasks with all kinds of powerful devices around us, and realize the evolution of decentralized and distributed computing, which coincides with the philosophy of blockchain itself. However, it is necessary to encourage the owners of distributed computing resources to contribute computing power to the fog computing network. It is not only difficult for centralized enterprises (such as Cisco) to organize supply and demand market settlement in real time and monopolize, but also contrary to the decentralized distributed philosophy of fog computing itself, which is difficult to be widely recognized, It is difficult to find a satisfactory solution on how to settle the compensation of fog calculation reasonably
we can see that Amazon's AWS, Microsoft's azure and Alibaba's aliyun are all centralized operators operating centralized computing services, and the combination of blockchain value network and cloud computing network, which are both decentralized philosophy, is almost perfect. Ethereumfog is born for this purpose. Upgrading Ethereum based on Ethereum will really bring fog computing to us. In the near future, many personal computing devices may contribute their computing power to do useful things on ethereumfog chain, and do not waste every resource to earn corresponding returns< We use cloud computing, but it runs in the remote data center; Fog is close to the ground and lingers around us. Fog computing makes both computing and storage decentralized distributed on the devices around us. The combination of blockchain and value Internet makes more people willing to let their computing resources participate in it. The organic combination of supply and demand is becoming more powerful. Ethereumfog etherfog (ETF) is opening the door to the new world of Ethereum.
let's talk about the value foundation of Ethereum - blockchain technology. The original idea of the framework proposed by akamoto is to enable indivials to quickly complete online transactions without traditional middlemen or third parties. This technical framework is known as blockchain. Blockchain is an indestructible digital ledger, which can be set to record not only financial transactions, but also almost all valuable information without fear of tampering
in the simplest model, blockchain is a simple distributed ledger. However, the internal meaning of blockchain is far greater than the surface meaning of its name. Blockchain can transfer the value itself in the process of transaction. As Sally rivers, a technology author of the financial times, said, in terms of bitcoin, blockchain means the same to it as Internet means to e-mail.