Ethereum digital analog binding problem

1.

Ethereum is an implementation of blockchain. In Ethereum network, many nodes are connected with each other to form Ethereum network:

Ethereum node software provides two core functions: data storage and contract code execution

in each Ethereum node, complete blockchain data is stored. Ethereum not only saves the transaction data on the chain, but also saves the compiled contract code on the chain

At the same time, a virtual machine is provided to execute the contract code

Ethereum virtual machine

Ethereum blockchain not only stores data and code, but also contains a virtual machine (EVM) in each node to execute contract code - it sounds like a computer operating system

in fact, this is the core difference between Ethereum and bitcoin: the existence of virtual machine has brought blockchain into the era of 2.0 and made blockchain a friendly platform for application developers for the first time

the above content comes from the introction course of Ethereum DAPP development

3.

1. Power consumption: 243w; Calculation force: 22.4m; Price: 1999 yuan; The number of eth g every 24 hours: 0.015; Revenue generated every 24 hours: 24.8 yuan; Expected payback time: 81.66 days

2. Power consumption of the whole machine: 159w; Calculation force: 24.3m; Price: 1599 yuan; Number of eth g every 24 hours: 0.017; Revenue generated every 24 hours: 27.9 yuan; Expected payback time: 57.31 days

3. Power consumption: 171w; Calculation force: 24.4m; Revenue generated every 24 hours: 27.87 yuan; Expected payback time: 71.73 days

4. Power consumption: 97W; Calculation force: 9.2; Price: 999 yuan; Number of eth g every 24 hours: 0.006; Revenue generated every 24 hours: 10.09 yuan; Expected payback time: 99.1 days

extended data

mining machine risk

1. The problem of electricity charge

in order to make the graphics card full load for a long time, the power consumption will be quite high, and the electricity charge will be higher and higher. Many professional mines at home and abroad are operated in areas with extremely low electricity charges, such as hydropower stations, while more users can only mine at home or in ordinary mines, so the electricity charges are not cheap. Even in a certain residential area in Yunnan, there was a case of crazy mining, which led to a large area trip of the residential area, and the transformer was burned

2. Hardware expenditure

mining is actually a competition of performance and equipment. Some mining machines are composed of more such graphics card arrays. With dozens or even hundreds of graphics cards, the cost of hardware and other costs is very high, and there is a considerable expenditure in mining

3, currency security

the withdrawal of bitcoin requires hundreds of keys, and most people will record this long string of numbers on the computer, but the frequent problems such as hard disk damage will make the key permanently lost, which also leads to the loss of bitcoin

4. Mother of all chain (MOAC) blockchain (hereinafter referred to as "moacchain", transliterated as "Moke chain" in Chinese, also known as "the mother of many chains") is an open-source blockchain platform. It supports multiple seed blockchains on P2P network through hierarchical configuration structure. It is developed by the top team of blockchain experts in Silicon Valley, breaking through the asynchronous contract call, asynchronous contract call, and multiple seed blockchains Contract fragmentation processing and cross chain operation are the current instry problems. The expansion capacity and contract processing speed of the platform are far better than the current smart contract platform. It is a blockchain proct that can really deploy commercial applications

the reason for the emergence of Moke is that Ethereum, the hottest smart contract platform at present, has insufficient speed and expansion capacity to meet the needs of a large number of token project applications. Compared with Ethereum's 7-14 transactions per second, Moke can achieve 100 times, even 1000 times under optimized conditions
how is Moke, as an "optimized Ethereum", realized technically<

01 layered verification
first of all, layered verification is adopted. Other systems either insist on pow, or insist on POS, or mix POW + POS, which can not effectively use the advantages of both and avoid the disadvantages of both. We use POW in the physical network and POS in the logical network of the smart contract, so that we can take both advantages into account, which can be called pop (POS over POW)<

02 fragmentation technology
the latest fragmentation concept of Ethereum, the main chain is basically unchanged, and a validator management contract is added to manage sharding interface and allocation. The main chain doesn't care what it looks like in sharding. The main chain only cares about the hash of your header. However, in order to achieve fragmentation in technology, according to the route planning of Ethereum, it will not come out until 2019

compared with Ethereum's single network, Moke has successfully broken through and adopted sharding technology, which can divide Moke into numerous logical subnets, making parallel computing possible, solving a major problem in the instry, greatly improving the processing speed, so as to achieve visa level transaction scale<

03 asynchronous call
Ethereum's synchronous smart contract call, the return of smart contract and block consensus are bound in the same block, resulting in the total amount of smart contract processing limited by block time. Moke adopts asynchronous smart contract call, so that the call and return can cross blocks without block time limit, which greatly increases the number of smart contracts to be processed at the same time

04 cross chain
by crossing blocks through asynchronous smart contracts, Moke can carry out atomic cross chain operation on blockchains with different block generation times, making Moke an underlying blockchain system with cross chain capability. Asynchronous call of smart contract can cross blocks from start to completion, and is no longer limited to one block. This greatly speeds up the throughput of MOAC, and has the function of cross chain of different blockchains

different blockchains have different block generation times. For example, if you set a contract to buy Ethereum erc20 token on the MOAC, you can cross the current block of the MOAC in 5 seconds, and then the contract will wait for Ethereum 25 second block to complete the corresponding transaction through off chain communication, and then complete the transaction in the N + 2 MOAC block. This kind of atomic transaction is completely different from the current transactions completed by various cross chain third-party roles through the establishment of an intermediate escrow account

in the contract, you can also define several confirmation blocks to complete the transaction. Other blockchain systems lack the function of asynchronous call contract, so they can't exchange atoms across chains, which is the advantage of MOAC

05 plug in and verify self built blockchain procts
the new idea means to build a new blockchain. We need to set up servers, develop teams, build communities, attract new users, and so on. We need to spend a lot of money to implement new blockchain ideas. After the inker chain goes online, these ideas can be easily tested on the inker chain, without huge additional costs<

06 never bifurcate
once blockchain procts are deployed and put into proction mode, it is difficult to add / modify / delete functions. Such a modification is either a soft fork or a hard fork. Dealing with bifurcation requires great effort and economic consequences. The architecture mode of Moke chain makes it possible to improve blockchain without bifurcation.