Number of Ethereum holders
There is an essential difference between Ethereum and bitcoin. What is the difference? Bitcoin defines a set of currency system, while Ethereum focuses on building a main chain (which can be understood as a road) to allow a large number of blockchain applications to run on this road
from this point of view, Ethereum's application scenarios are more extensive, which is why we say that Ethereum marks a simple monetary system in the era of blockchain
1.0, and a transformation to other instries and application scenarios in the era of blockchain 2.0
however, there is no perfect thing in the world. Although Ethereum has expanded the application scope of blockchain in all walks of life and improved the speed of transaction processing, it also has some disputes and doubts
first, the solution to the lack of scalability of Ethereum: slicing technology and lightning network
the bottom design of Ethereum, the biggest problem is that Ethereum has only one chain and no side chain, which means that all programs have to run on this chain equally, consuming resources and causing system congestion. Just like last year's very popular Ethereum game "encryption cat", when this game was very popular, it once caused Ethereum network paralysis
to improve the processing capacity, Ethereum proposes two ways: shard and lightning network. Let's introce these two technologies respectively
(1) fragmentation technology
vitalik buterin, founder of Ethereum, believes that the reason why mainstream blockchain networks such as bitcoin process transactions very slowly is that every miner has to process every transaction in the whole network, which is actually very inefficient. The idea of fragmentation technology is: a transaction does not need to be processed by all nodes in the whole network, as long as some nodes (miners) in the network are allowed to process it. Therefore, Ethereum network is divided into many pieces. At the same time, each piece can handle different transactions. In this way, the network performance will be greatly improved
however, the slicing technology is also controversial. As we all know, the important idea of blockchain technology is decentralization. Only when the whole network witnesses (processes) the same transaction can it have the highest authority. The Ethereum slicing technology is similar to the group witness, not all nodes witness together. In this way, it will lose the absolute "decentralization" attribute, and can only achieve the purpose of high performance by sacrificing certain characteristics of decentralization
(2) lightning network
lightning network uses the way of transaction under the chain. What does that mean? It means: when the participants of lightning network transfer money to each other, they do not need to confirm the transaction through the main chain of Ethereum, but create a payment channel between the participants and complete it under the chain
however, lightning network is not separated from the main chain. Before establishing a payment channel, you need to use the assets on the main chain as collateral to generate a balance proof, which indicates that you can transfer the corresponding balance. In the case that both parties of the transaction hold the balance certificate, both parties can make unlimited number of transfers under the chain through the payment channel
only when the off chain transaction is completed and the assets need to be transferred back to the chain, the balance change information of the main chain account will be registered on the Ethereum main chain, and no matter how many transactions occur ring this period, there will be no record on the main chain
another real benefit of lightning network is that it can save the cost of miners for you. At present, when we trade on the main chain of Ethereum, we need to consume gas and pay for miners. Once we move the transaction to the lower chain, we can save this part of the cost
Of course, lightning network is not perfect. When using the lightning network, the assets on the main chain should be used as collateral; And this part of assets as collateral can not be used before the user completes the transaction under the chain. This also determines that lightning trading is only suitable for small transactionsthe above is the problem of insufficient scalability of Ethereum, as well as the two main solutions: fragmentation technology and lightning network
Second, there are loopholes in Ethereum's smart contract and the infamous Dao event
Ethereum's smart contract is very powerful, but there are loopholes in any code. The biggest controversy of Ethereum's smart contract lies in the so-called loopholes, that is, security issues. According to relevant research, 34200 (about 3%) of the nearly 1 million smart contracts based on Ethereum contain security vulnerabilities, which will allow hackers to steal eth, freeze assets or delete contracts, such as the infamous Dao incident
(1) what does Dao meanbefore introcing the Dao event, let's first introce what Dao is. Dao is the abbreviation of decentralized
autonomous organization, which can be understood as decentralized autonomous organization. From the perspective of Ethereum, Dao is a kind of contract or a combination of contracts on the blockchain, which is used to replace the government's review and complex intermediate proceres, so as to achieve an efficient and decentralized trust system. Therefore, Dao is not a specific organization, that is to say, there can be many Dao, all kinds of Dao
(2) the infamous Dao event
however, when we talk about Dao now, we basically refer to the Dao event, that is, the infamous hacker attack event we just mentioned. As we know, the English word "the" refers to "the Dao event". The Dao event
refers to "the Dao event", because we just said that Dao is not a specific organization, there can be many Dao, all kinds of Dao
in 2016, slock.it, a German company focusing on "smart locks", launched the Dao project on Ethereum in order to realize decentralized physical exchange (such as apartments and ships). Since April 30, 2016, the financing window has been open for 28 days
unexpectedly, this Dao project is very popular. It raised more than US $100 million in just half a month. By the end of the whole financing period, it raised a total of US $150 million. Therefore, it has become the largest crowdfunding project in history. However, it didn't last long. In June, hackers took advantage of the loopholes in the smart contract to successfully transfer more than 3.6 million Ethernet coins and put them into a Dao sub organization, which has the same structure as the Dao. At that time, the price of Ethernet currency fell directly from more than $20 to less than $13
this event shows that there are loopholes in smart contracts, and once the loopholes are exploited by hackers, the consequences will be very serious. This is why many people criticize Ethereum and say that its smart contract is not smart
to solve this problem, many foreign companies begin to provide code audit services in order to solve the vulnerability problem of smart contract. From a technical point of view, some teams are currently testing smart contracts. Most of these teams are led by professors from Harvard, Stanford and Yale, and some of them have obtained investment from leading institutions
in addition to the problems of insufficient expansibility and loopholes in smart contracts, the controversy over Ethereum lies in the POS consensus mechanism it pursues, that is, the proof of equity mechanism. Under the proof of equity mechanism, if anyone holds more money and holds it for a longer time, he will get more "rights" (interests) and have the opportunity to get bookkeeping power, Bookkeeping can also be rewarded. In this way, it is easy to create the oligarchic advantage of "the stronger the stronger"
Another problem is the chaos of ICO. ICO is a common way to raise funds for blockchain projects, which we can understand as pre-sale. The outbreak of ICO projects on Ethereum has caused illegal activities such as fund allocation and money fraud under the banner of ICO, which has caused security risks to social and financial stabilityDTV share, Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with intelligent contract function. It provides decentralized virtual machines to handle point-to-point contracts through its private cryptocurrency, Ethernet. Key points: open source, smart contract function, public chain platform, Ethernet
Ethereum is likely to rise to 10000 in 2021
institutional investors and big capital are increasingly interested in cryptocurrency. The attention of all whales, and the attention of all the public, is focused on bitcoin. Since the global health and safety incident triggered the market crash in March 2020, the growth of eth has reached 1200%
while BTC only increased by 700%. Of course, in the context of bitcoin's record high price of 40000, Ethereum's rise to $1400 does not seem so impressive. In addition, the market value of eth is five times the trading volume of BTC market
extended information:
the increase of Ethereum is as follows:
the transaction volume recorded on Ethereum blockchain exceeds US $1 trillion. These figures exceed the transaction volume of payment giants such as PayPal, which is used by more than 350 million users and whose average transaction volume is generally less than $200 billion per quarter
each transaction will generate network fees paid by eth. Moreover, as the growth rate of the network is still very high, we can confidently expect the "bull market" trend of eth to continue. In any case, interest in cryptocurrency is growing, as are the number of active wallets, the number of transactions on the Internet, and the average size of transactions
1: Decentralization -- not regulated by indivials, enterprises and the state. It will not be supervised by any country, institution, organization, enterprise or indivial, and will not be frozen
2: limited issue, the real virtual currency is to measure the issue, the issue will not be more or less, the total issue of bitcoin is 21 million, the mining time is 100 years
3: it can be freely traded on the international trading platform, in other words, only the virtual currency that can be traded on the international trading platform is real
4: there is a mining pool website, open source code, the real virtual currency is open source code, is g out, can freely mine, many players have been engaged in this kind of "miner" occupation
5: have your own E-wallet. All real virtual currencies have their own e-wallets. The computer version of offline wallets is programmed without any plug-in links
as far as I know, markcoin has not disclosed its own open source code, nor can it be traded and exchanged on the national virtual currency trading platform.
how many years can the ether coin be g
how many Ethernet coins can be proced each year? At present, five new ether coins are generated for each new block. If you dig out a block every 14 seconds, it will take 31.5 million seconds (365 x 24 x 60 x 60) a year, which means that 2.25 million blocks are g out every year
every miner has considered how long the ether coin can be g, whether I can't dig the ether coin after I buy the miner, or I can't dig the ether coin after I invest in the miner. I can tell you clearly that the ether coin can't be g up, and the official shows the quantity when it comes to the ether coin, but don't go, Ethernet currency is constantly bifurcating. Once the quantity is threatened, it will continue to bifurcate. The miners can continue to dig for new currencies from the bifurcations. For example, etc and ETF are examples. After the bifurcations, the ETH price will go up crazily. Therefore, miners need not worry about the quantity of Ethernet currency.
logocentrism is another name of Western metaphysics, which is Derrida's general ruling on western philosophy by inheriting Heidegger's ideas. As the name suggests, logocentrism is a structure centered on logos, so we should first understand & quot; Logos & quot;
& quot; Logos & quot; From ancient Greek, for λ In the first volume of the history of Greek philosophy, gersley, a famous historian of philosophy, analyzed in detail the usage of the word "oyos" in philosophy, literature, history and other documents before the fifth century B.C., and summed up ten meanings: (1) anything spoken or written 2) Things mentioned and related to value, such as evaluation and reputation 3) The inner consideration of the soul, such as thought and reasoning 4) Develop from what is said or written to cause, reason or argument 5) And & quot; Empty talk& quot; Excuse & quot; On the contrary, & quot; The real logos & quot; It is the truth of things 6) Scale, propriety 7) Correspondence, proportion 8) General principle or rule, which is a relatively late usage 9) The ability of reason, such as the difference between man and animals, is that man has logos 10) Definition or formula to express the essence of things.
later generations mainly from & quot; Rationality& quot; Truth& quot; Law & quot; Even & quot; Logic & quot; To grasp & quot; Logos & quot; In Heidegger's being and time, this meaning is not groundless, but it is not its original meaning; Logos & quot; Far away from the basis of existentialism, & quot; Logos is experienced as a ready-made thing and interpreted as a ready-made thing; Similarly, the existential shown by logos also has the meaning of being; Therefore, he wants to put & quot; Logos & quot; From & quot; Logic & quot; In his opinion, he thought that "the first is to liberate and restore its original meaning"; Logos & quot; The original meaning is & quot; Talk & quot; Or & quot; Speaking & quot;, Its verb form is legein and its root is 1eg. The basic meaning of 1eg is & quot; Talk & quot Speech is the basic link of human being's Dasein, which forms the whole meaning of Dasein. It links human being's Dasein as a whole in the way of articulation; Heidegger's later period (from the introction to metaphysics in the transitional period) was not satisfied with the analysis of logos as & quot; Talk & quot;, Therefore, it continues to trace its origin, and holds that its original meaning is & quot; Aggregation & quot;, Gathering brings the miscellaneous and mutually exclusive things into the presence. Speech is also a kind of gathering, which makes all things gather into one and show up; Logos & quot; It is not only the omnipresent operation of being, but also the omnipresent operation of language; Aggregation & quot; To explain & quot; Logos & quot; And use & quot; Talk & quot; Explanation & quot; Logos & quot; Although there are differences between existentialism and ontology, they do not change the two core meanings, that is, to refer to & quot; at the same time; Speech & quot The speech of Dasein or being) and & quot; Presence & quot;, In & quot; Logos & quot; Derrida agrees with Heidegger's research that the pursuit of logos is the pursuit of all presence through speech; However, Derrida believes that & quot; Logos & quot; No matter it is in the normal sense & quot; Rationality & quot; Or & quot; Logic & quot; Or Heidegger insisted successively & quot; Talk & quot; And & quot; Aggregation & quot; In all kinds of metaphysical systems, there is always an unchanging presence as the center of its construction system. Derrida has a good summary of this in the opening of structure, symbol and game in the discourse of Human Sciences: there is a desire for center throughout the history of metaphysics, Different centers organize different structures; The history of the whole concept of structure must be regarded as a series of activities in which the center replaces the center, just like a chain of centers. The center obtains different forms and names in a way of successive emergence and mutual coordination. The history of metaphysics, like the whole history of the west, is the history of these metaphors and metonymies, It can be proved that all these names related to the basis, principle or center indicate an unchanging presence -- Eidos [essence], arche [origin], telos [purpose], Energia [energy], ousia [presence], existence [existence], substance [entity], Suiet [subject], Aletheia [Truth], Transcendentalite, conscience, Dieu, homine and so on; The historical manifestations of these presence are as follows: & quot; The presence of things as Eidos facing eyes, as entity / essence / existence, as temporal presence of present or moving point, as self presence of thinking, consciousness and subjectivity, as common presence of self and others; Derrida's philosophy is just a response to these various modes of presence. He re grasps logos from the perspective of signifying activity, that is, Heidegger's interpretation of logos from the perspective of ontology; Presence & quot; Interpretation is examined at the linguistic level (this is mainly influenced by Saussure, later on in detail): the so-called presence means that the signified is separated from the signifier. In the movement of signs, the signifier is originally indivisible, but metaphysics can make the signifier self erase and make the signified appear, and further regard the signified as the unchanging center and the basis of determination, In order to construct metaphysical edifice, Derrida called it & quot; A priori reference & quot According to Derrida, Heidegger's & quot; Logos & quot; Heidegger liberated language from logic, but constrained language in the presence of logos. Therefore, Derrida wanted to liberate language from logos (no matter what kind of logos it is) and classify it as the game's & quot; Words & quot In Derrida's opinion, logocentrism contains two rather contradictory views: first, it is a sound centered concept, namely phonocentrism. In the phenomenon of expressing meaning with symbols, the medium of sound is superior to that of words. Sound is internal and closest to meaning, while words are external, It can only approach meaning through sound circuitously, which is an ideological tradition based on Western phonetic characters. Secondly, in the activity of care, the sound must be hidden and self erased, so that the meaning can be completely and directly present. This is what Derrida called & quot; Metaphysics of presence & quot In this regard, sound centralism is attached to logos centralism, which serves for logos centralism. The only reason for its existence is to let logos lose its superiority when it is present
1. Price:
the price of Yingzhong GTX 1060 Binglong is 2099 yuan
the price of Yingzhong GTX 1060 is 1999 yuan
2. The core frequency of graphics card is 1569 / 1784mhz
the core frequency of Yingzhong GTX 1060 is 1506 / 1708mhz
3. Heat dissipation:
the heat dissipation mode of Yingzhong GTX 1060 Binglong mass edition is three fan heat dissipation + heat pipe heat dissipation + heat sink (mute)
the heat dissipation mode of Yingzhong GTX 1060 black gold supreme edition is double fan heat dissipation + heat pipe heat dissipation
reference sources: what is the difference between Zhongguancun Yingzhong GTX 1060 Binglong mass edition and Yingzhong GTX 1060 black gold supreme edition