What is Ethereum fork coin
a brief history of etheric Classics (etc)
etheric classics began with an unfortunate event
in May 2016, the decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) held a token sale with the goal of establishing a blockchain based venture capital to fund future decentralized applications (dapps) in the Ethereum ecosystem
basically, Dao is a complex smart contract that operates in a decentralized way - computer code that automatically performs tasks between multiple parties when conditions are met
despite its ambitious goals and successful token sales, Dao's code has a major vulnerability that allows attackers to steal eth from decentralized organizations
the attacker took advantage of this vulnerability in June 2016, triggering the infamous Dao hacking event, and maliciously stole eth worth about US $50 million
there is no doubt that Dao hacking has shocked Ethereum community and made eth price drop from $20 to $13
after the Dao hacking, the Ethereum community has to choose from three options
< UL >do nothing and try to bear the consequences of the attack
start soft bifurcation to recover funds
deploy a hard fork to recover the lost eth
both soft and hard bifurcations are significant network upgrades. However, soft fork allows users who are not upgraded to communicate with upgraded users, while hard fork is not backward compatible with previous versions
as developers realize that deploying soft forks will expose the network to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, Ethereum community decides to initiate hard forks to recover the funds lost in Dao hacking attacks
although this scheme is supported by most people, a small number of people in Ethereum community oppose it. They think that "code is the law" and blockchain network should be unchangeable
the failure of both sides to reach an agreement on the solution eventually led to the fragmentation of Ethereum blockchain
those who tried to recover the lost eth chose the hard fork and opened the Ethereum (ETH) blockchain as we know it today, while another group stayed on the original Ethereum classic (etc) chain
what problems does ethereal classic solve Ethernet classic (etc) is a blockchain platform that allows developers to deploy smart contracts and dapps although this function is the same as Ethereum (ETH), etc blockchain has two main differences first of all, Ethereum classic community opposes tampering with distributed ledger and supports the view that "blockchain network cannot and should not be modified" secondly, although there is no rigid upper limit on the total supply of eth, it is allowed to create 230 million etc at most by adopting the monetary policy of constant supply as a bonus item, ethereal classic launched Atlantis hard bifurcation last year to increase the interaction with Ethereum and improve the privacy protection of transactions through ZK snarks the trading platforms recommended by ethereal classic etc are: Fire coin, okex, AAX, etc
Q: What is bitcoin bifurcation and why
A: the reason why bitcoin bifurcates is that the underlying technology of bitcoin is blockchain. Some people begin to think that bitcoin's block capacity is too small and there are always congestion. So they ask for bitcoin's upgrade and expansion. Some people think that bitcoin's function is too single and its future development is not optimistic, So these people ask bitcoin to have the function of building DAPP (decentralized application), and some support it, while others oppose it. This kind of divergence can be understood as the bifurcation of bitcoin
Q: the classification of bitcoin bifurcation
A: there are two kinds of bifurcations of bitcoin, one is soft bifurcations, the other is hard bifurcations, so what is soft bifurcations
Q: the formation principle of soft bifurcation
A: soft fork refers to optimizing and modifying bugs in the original bitcoin network to improve the capacity of the block, such as 2m, 4m or 8m, 16m. The segwit lightning network is the mainstream solution, which is equivalent to a traffic jam on the main road, and the development team will build an auxiliary road to help the main road to divert congestion
this is a mild solution, which can make the original bitcoin network compatible with the network after soft bifurcation, and the main transaction of bitcoin is still on the main chain
Q: disadvantages of soft bifurcation
A: of course, there are disadvantages of soft bifurcation, that is, it can only solve the temporary congestion problem, and after the implementation of soft bifurcation, it can only keep the network unobstructed for a few years. In the future, it needs continuous expansion, which has an impact on the stability of the system
Q: what is hard bifurcation and its formation principle
A: another solution is hard fork, which means to upgrade the bitcoin system again, change the height of the block completely in the form of code, and take bitcoin unlimited as the mainstream solution. Generally speaking, it is equivalent to a traffic jam on the main road. We directly abandon this road and find a place to build a three-dimensional transportation hub on the ground and underground. All new cars use this transportation system, which changes the block size of the bitcoin network and optimizes the processing speed of the network
Q: what are the disadvantages of hard bifurcation
A: but hard bifurcations also have disadvantages, that is, they are not compatible with the original bitcoin system, which requires all people in the bitcoin network to support hard bifurcations. If some people do not support hard bifurcations, there will be two versions of bitcoin network, which will proce two bitcoins. The blockchains of the two bitcoins form a competitive relationship, This kind of internal friction will lead to greater price volatility and uncertainty of bitcoin's future situation
Q: a classic case of bitcoin bifurcation
A: Eth and etc are typical cases of hard bifurcation. The Dao project is a crowdfunding project initiated by slock.it, a blockchain Internet of things company. It was officially released in May 2016. As of June of that year, the Dao project has raised more than $160 million. It wasn't long before the Dao project was targeted by hackers. Because of the huge loopholes in the smart contract, the Dao project was transferred to ether coin with a market value of 50 million US dollars
in order to recover the assets of many investors and stop the panic, vitalik buterin, the founder of Ethereum, finally proposed the idea of hard bifurcation, and finally completed the hard bifurcation in block 1920000 of Ethereum through a majority vote of the community, rolling back all the Ethereum coins occupied by hackers
even though Ethereum hard bifurcates into two chains, some people who believe in the tamper proof property of blockchain still stay on the original chain of Ethereum classic. Today, Ethereum (ETH) and Ethereum classic (etc) are ranked in the top 20 in the global cryptocurrency market value, which is one of the reasons why they are regarded as classic cases in the field of hard bifurcations
Q: the difference and influence between soft bifurcation and hard bifurcation
A: for users, soft forking will not proce new bitcoin currency. They only need to understand the transaction mode and K-line characteristics of bitcoin. They only need a mainstream wallet of bitcoin
hard bifurcation will generate new currencies, and there may be more than one new currency. Once the core code of bitcoin is modified and the core code of bitcoin is reconstructed, there may be a second time for the first time, and btc1 and btc23456789 may all happen. Users will be confused. Which kind of coin would be better for me to trade? What kind of bitcoin do I use to pay for a large circulation range? In short, users with dyschooia will crash. Moreover, users need to download wallets of different hard bifurcated systems, which brings complex operation to save and pay bitcoin
however, correspondingly, the user's right to choose has also increased. You can choose the bitcoin code developed by the development team you like and trust. When the bifurcations of bitcoin are not clear, when the soft bifurcations start to activate and the computing power starts to vote, the best way for users to deal with it is to wait and see. Don't recharge and extract bitcoin in the process of bifurcation
in addition, soft fork will change the settlement mode of bitcoin all nodes, and some small settlement will be confirmed by the third party node, namely settlement channel. The settlement channel may incur part of the service charge. Similar to the role and business model of UnionPay
what is bitcoin bifurcation? The difference and influence of soft bifurcation and hard bifurcation
The capacity of a block in bitcoin is 1m (megabytes). A transaction is between 250 and 500 bytes
according to this algorithm, a block contains about 4194.3 transactions
the confirmation time of a block in bitcoin is 10 minutes, so the seven transactions that a block can process per second may sometimes be less than seven
What are the consequences The bifurcations of
bitcoin are divided into hard bifurcations and soft bifurcations
hard fork means that when the block format or transaction format of bitcoin changes, the UN upgraded nodes refuse to verify the blocks proced by the upgraded nodes
the upgraded nodes can verify the blocks proced by the non upgraded nodes, and they continue the chain they think is correct, so they are divided into two chains
What is soft bifurcationsoft bifurcation means that when the data structure of bitcoin transaction changes,
UN upgraded nodes can verify the blocks proced by upgraded nodes,
and upgraded nodes can also verify the blocks proced by UN upgraded nodes
In September 2017, the central bank and other seven departments jointly issued the "notice on preventing the financing risk of token issuance", which defined ICO (initial coin offerings) as unauthorized and illegal public financing, suspected of illegal selling token bills, illegal issuing securities, illegal fund-raising, financial fraud, pyramid schemes and other illegal criminal activities
in 2017, ICO became very popular relying on the concepts of "digital currency", "blockchain" and "smart contract". However, only by publishing a "white paper" through a few people's team, and even some can start financing activities without a white paper, this operation mode has laid great risks for investors, and the outside world has always disputed the legitimacy of ICO. In September last year, the central bank and other seven departments gave a clear definition of ICO and stopped all kinds of token financing activities. Seven departments said in the announcement that token issuance financing is essentially an illegal public financing behavior without approval, and is suspected of illegal sale of token tickets, illegal issuance of securities, illegal fund-raising, financial fraud, pyramid schemes and other illegal and criminal activities
However, after the ban of ICO, a new way of playing the coin circle, IFO, has sprung up. The so-called IFO refers to the branching currency issuance based on mainstream currencies such as bitcoin and Ethereum. On the basis of the original blockchain of these mainstream currencies, another chain is split according to different rules to generate new digital currency. People who hold mainstream currencies can get new currency after bifurcating in the process of IFO, and IFO has become a new means of virtual currency financingon August 1, 2017, the birth of BCH marked the first generation of bifurcated coin in the coin circle. The size of bitcoin block is only 1m, and the smaller the block is, the smaller the capacity is, the slower the bitcoin transaction will be. In order to solve the problem of bitcoin block congestion, BCH blockchain successfully separated from the main chain in block 478559, resulting in a new cryptocurrency. The default block size is 8m, which can also realize the dynamic adjustment of block capacity. At the same time, people who used to hold bitcoin can get BCH for free at a ratio of 1:1
since its birth, there have been different opinions about whether BCH is a new branch of bitcoin or another kind of "counterfeit currency". However, after several ups and downs, the price of BCH began to develop steadily. As of 20:30 p.m. on February 26, the price of BCH reached 8058.8cny, and that of BTC was 67558.69cny, according to the data of fire coin
following the success of BCH bifurcation, more and more new virtual currencies have been proced through IFO, such as BTG (bitcoin gold), BCD (bitcoin diamond), SBTC (super bitcoin), etc. Chen Yunfeng believes that according to the explanation of the technical level, part of the forked currency is the upgrading or improvement of the original technology. If it is a forked currency in this sense, it is difficult to say that it has no value. Moreover, when the regulatory level repeatedly prompts the investment risk of virtual currency, the investment value should be judged by the investors themselves
Shi Qingwei, the founder of sharing finance, said that IFO is a new way to play in the past two months, and most projects generated by IFO have no investment value. Some IFO issuers believe that they are not raising funds through ICO, but a fork of mainstream currencies such as bitcoin and Ethereum, which have a large number of users. After users get the forked coins, they usually ask to join the transaction, and then the issuer of IFO will get a huge profit because of the number of forked coins g in advance. He further said that most of the bifurcated currencies proced by IFOS have no investment value and even higher investment risk than ICOS"pre dig" fork currency or there is a risk of fraud
so, how does IFO make money According to the daily economic news, miners develop bifurcated coins in bitcoin blocks through technical means, and then distribute the developed bifurcated coins to bitcoin holders in proportion, and gain value in the transaction and circulation. Some of them will also be traded and circulated through the digital asset exchange. It is worth noting that most of the forked coins will be "pre g" before they are officially released. The pre g forked coins are equivalent to those obtained free of charge, so the founders of the forked coins can easily make profits. In the market, some people think that IFO in the name of "pre digging" is actually a more naked game of token issuance
on November 15, 2017, the domestic well-known super bitcoin team announced that it will implement the bifurcation at the 498888 height of bitcoin blockchain on December 17, and start the technical test of zero knowledge proof and intelligent contract supporting Turing complete, and expand its block to 8MB. It will also launch the intelligent contract in early March 2018 to increase the scalability of BTC Zero knowledge proof will be launched by the end of May 2018, and dynamic checkpoints will be removed by the end of November 2018 to realize fully decentralized mining. If the split is successful, a new split coin, SBTC, will be proced. The original bitcoin holders will give it away one by one, with a total amount of 21.21 million. Among them, 210 thousand are pre g by the split team foundation, which is mainly used to encourage early developers to invest in ecological construction and foundation operation
Song Qinghui, a famous economist, said that e to the lack of regulatory policies and the extremely low threshold of user participation, IFO itself may be suspected of illegal sale of token bills, illegal issuance of securities, illegal fund-raising and financial fraud. Many new virtual currencies born through IFO have little value, and there may be fraud and fraud, Investors need to pay enough attention
According to Shi Qingwei's analysis, on the one hand, IFO will cause great division in the community; On the other hand, the people who issue IFO are basically some investors, and few of them really do the Ifo project in a down-to-earth way. Because they do not have strong executive power and values, it is difficult to do the Ifo project. To put it bluntly, some IFO projects are short of money, and they will not do it after cash out, and there is no particularly big risk. Just intensify market acquisition and cut leeks. The most typical risk is fraud risk, and the other is the risk of market operation. Some investors have been trapped in the Ifo projectaccording to Zhang Yexia, senior researcher of Yingcan consulting, first of all, there is no clear definition of IFO financing activities in China's law, and there is a risk of being prohibited; The second is fraud risk. With the rise of the concept of IFO, it is easy to attract criminals to use concepts such as "mainstream currency bifurcation" and "blockchain technology" to attract investors, but in fact there is no so-called token issuance and technology research; The third is the technical risk. At present, the technologies and standards of mainstream currencies, such as bitcoin and Ethereum, are different. There is no same technical standard, and the technical level is also different. Therefore, the hidden dangers of technical security can not be ignored
Chen Yunfeng believes that for the financing behavior in the name of IFO, the investors can only obtain the value-added income through the digital currency trading market without the actual application scenario of the bifurcated currency itself. This form of financing activity has not been clearly defined in law and needs to be regulated by the relevant departments
Hong shuning, chief researcher of the blockchain Laboratory of Suning Financial Research Institute, believes that the risks of IFO are manifested in the following aspects: first, there may be serious loopholes in changing the agreement without careful consideration; Second, the software released in a hurry will inevitably have a lot of bugs; Third, every IFO will divert some miners, causing fluctuations in the trading smoothness of bitcoin; Fourth, e to the low acceptance of bifurcated currency, the price fluctuation may far exceed that of bitcoin, which is unfavorable to investors
At the same time, Hong shuning said that in the real sense, IFO should not pre dig because it goes against the original intention of bitcoin development, fairness and freedom. In fact, like ICO, IFO is a disguised means of financing. Teams that need to make profits in advance should issue their own digital currency, not under the banner of IFOis illegal
after Ethereum bifurcates into etheric fog, the two will exist and develop together< br />
calculate a
official account virtual currency 168
detailed explanation
buy at a low price and sell at a high price
it's very easy to get the business running task. There is no qualification requirement. As long as there is a gang, you can get it from the sect master. After receiving the task, a silver note will appear in your backpack, which is the principal of your business! How to do a good job in business is the next thing you need to consider. It's worth noting that at this time you will enter a state of being unable to transmit, and everything will be done step by step with your legs
here's a reminder to all players: at this time, your name has become "XX Gang businessman". This is to tell you that you are doing business for the gang, and no one is allowed to disturb you. However, be careful. Some young swordsmen with bandit temper like to rob businessmen. Although they will lose their popularity, their gangs will increase the money of the corresponding banknotes and commodities. This is a business that can make no loss. So don't expect other young Xia to give up robbing you for fear of popularity. In the process of running a business, you must take good weapons and be ready to accept challenges at any time. Only with strong strength and courage can you defend the glory of the gang
selective buying and selling
there are four kinds of goods for us to buy from the specialty merchants in Chang'an city. The purchase price and selling price of each kind of goods are different. In order to save time and complete the business as quickly as possible, players should use their brains here to selectively purchase several kinds of goods according to the income and earn the maximum price difference
the next step is to run back and forth between several maps with specialty goods suppliers. The purchase prices of different goods vary in different locations. At present, there are two main business routes, one is from Chang'an city to Taohuawu and then to Loulan, the other is from Chang'an city to Kunlun mountain to Wangxian town. Find out your favorite business route and make the most profit for the gang
it's hard to run a business, but the target amount is not enough. Remember to go back to the gang and hand over the task to the master before it's really over. You will be rewarded with money, experience and tribute when you finish running business. You also have the chance to get all kinds of treasures in the gang warehouse!
2. Mr. Buffett went from a 100000 dollar private placement supported by relatives and friends to a large financial group integrating banking and insurance. He is not so much an investor as a financial entrepreneur.
3 The second point is that China can't get Warren Buffett's investment performance, and it can't get Warren Buffett's financial management wisdom. There are policy reasons as well as personal reasons.
4. The name of Warren Buffett's company is Berkshire Hathaway. The stock price of his company is about 200000 US dollars per share. You can check it on your own network or financial website