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the role of the Internet of vehicles is: it can realize information sharing through the interconnection of vehicles, vehicles and people, vehicles and roads, collect the information of vehicles, roads and environment, process, calculate, share and safely release the information collected from multiple sources on the information network platform, and effectively guide and supervise vehicles according to different functional requirements, And provide professional multimedia and mobile Internet application services<
development materials:
system introction
from the perspective of network, IOV system is a three-tier system of "end management cloud"
the first layer (end system): the end system is the intelligent sensor of the vehicle, which is responsible for collecting and acquiring the intelligent information of the vehicle, and sensing the driving state and environment; It is a ubiquitous communication terminal with in vehicle communication, workshop communication and vehicle network communication; At the same time, it is also a device that enables cars to have the ability of IOV addressing and network trusted identification
the second layer (management system): it solves the interconnection of vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to road (V2R), vehicle to network (V2I), vehicle to person (v2h), etc., realizes the communication and roaming between vehicle ad hoc network and a variety of heterogeneous networks, guarantees real-time, servability and network ubiquity in function and performance, and is the unity of public network and private network
the third layer (cloud system): the Internet of vehicles is a vehicle operation information platform based on Cloud Architecture. Its ecological chain includes its, logistics, passenger and freight transportation, dangerous special vehicles, auto repair and auto parts, car rental, emergency rescue, mobile Internet, etc. It is a collection of multi-source massive information, so it needs cloud computing functions such as virtualization, security authentication, real-time interaction, massive storage, etc, Its application system is also a composite system of vehicle data aggregation, calculation, scheling, monitoring, management and application
it is worth noting that as of 2013, GPS + GPRS is not really the Internet of vehicles or the Internet of things, but a combination of technologies. At present, most of its experiments and IOV concepts in China are based on this technology.
1. Stock speculation is a daily turnover of 400 billion RMB in China, and foreign exchange is a global daily turnover of trillion US dollars
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The calculation formula of electric field force
(1) the general formula F = QE
(2) f = kq1q2 / R ^ 2 (3) uniform electric field F = Qu / d (1) the definition formula UAB = WAB / Q (2) uniform electric field u = ed The interaction betweencharges occurs through the electric field. As long as there is a charge, there is an electric field around the charge. The basic property of the electric field is its powerful effect on the charge placed in it. This force is called electric field force
voltage, also known as potential difference or potential difference, is a physical quantity to measure the energy difference of unit charge in the electrostatic field e to different potentials. Its magnitude is equal to the work done by the unit positive charge moving from point a to point B e to the electric field force, and the direction of voltage is defined as the direction from high potential to low potential
extended data:
the main unit of voltage in the international system of units is volt (V), abbreviated as volt, which is represented by the symbol v. One volt is equal to one joule of work per Coulomb of charge, i.e. 1 v = 1 J / C. The unit of strong voltage is kilovolt (kV), and the unit of weak voltage is millivolt (MV) microvolt μ v)
The conversion relationship between them is: 1kV = 1000V, 1V = 1000mV, 1mV = 1000V μ vthe calculation formula is f = k * Q1 * Q2 * R ^ - 2, and K can be shifted
{F: force between point charges (n), K: electrostatic constant, k = 9.0} × 10 ^ 9N · m ^ 2 / C ^ 2, Q1, Q2: electric quantity of two-point charges (c), R: distance between two-point charges (m), direction on their connecting line, force and reaction, same kind of charges repel each other, different kinds of charges attract each other}
3. Electric field strength: e = f / Q (definition formula, calculation formula, electric field strength is its own property, independent of electric field force and electric quantity) {e: electric field strength (n / C), electric field strength: e = f / Q (definition formula, calculation formula, electric field strength is independent of electric field force and electric quantity), 4. Electric field formed by vacuum point (source) charge e = KQ / r2
{R: distance from source charge to the position (m), Q: electric quantity of source charge}
5. Electric field strength of uniform electric field E = UAB / D {voltage (V) between two points of UAB: ab}, d: The distance between two points AB in the direction of field strength (m)}
6. Electric field force: F = Q * e
{F: electric field force (n), Q: electric quantity of charge under electric field force (c), e: electric field strength (n / C)}
7. Potential and potential difference: UAB = φ A- φ B,UAB=WAB/q=- Δ EAB / Q
8. Work done by electric field force: WAB = Q * UAB = EQ * d
{WAB: work done by electric field force from a to B (J), Q: charge (c), UAB: potential difference between a and B (V) (the work done by electric field force is independent of path), e: uniform electric field strength, D: distance between two points along the direction of field strength (m)}
9. Electric potential energy: EA = Q* φ A {EA: electric potential energy (J) of charged body at point a, Q: electric quantity (c), φ A: The potential (V) of point a}
10 Δ EAB = eb-ea {difference of electric potential energy of charged body from position a to position B}
11 Δ EAB = - WAB = - Q * UAB (the increment of electric potential energy is equal to the negative value of work done by electric field force) 12. Capacitance C = q / u (definition formula, calculation formula)
{C: capacitance (f), Q: electric quantity (c), u: voltage (potential difference between two plates) (V)}
13. Capacitance C of parallel plate capacitor = - ε S/4 π KD (s: the opposite area of the two plates, D: the vertical distance between the two plates, ε: The acceleration of charged particles in electric field (VO = 0): w = 0 Δ The deflection of charged particles entering uniform electric field with velocity VO along the direction of vertical electric field (without considering the effect of gravity) is similar to horizontal throwing vertical electric field direction: uniform linear motion L = VOT (E = u / D in parallel plates with equal amount of heterogeneous charges) parallel electric field direction: uniform acceleration linear motion d = at2 / 2 with initial velocity zero, A = f / M = QE / M
note: (1) when two identical charged metal spheres are in contact, the distribution of electric quantity is as follows: those with different charges are neutralized first and then equally divided, and those with the same charges are equally divided
(2) the electric field line starts from the positive charge and ends at the negative charge. The electric field line does not intersect, and the tangent direction is the direction of field strength. The electric field is strong in the dense part of the electric field line, and the electric potential is lower and lower along the electric field line, and the electric field line is perpendicular to the equipotential line
(3) the electric field line distribution of common electric fields should be memorized
(4) the electric field strength (vector) and electric potential (scalar) are determined by the electric field itself, and the electric field force and electric potential energy are also related to the amount of electric charge and the positive and negative charge of the charged body
(5) in electrostatic equilibrium, the conctor is an equipotential body, and the surface is an equipotential surface. The electric field line near the outer surface of the conctor is perpendicular to the surface of the conctor, and the combined electric field strength inside the conctor is zero. There is no net charge inside the conctor, and the net charge is only distributed on the outer surface of the conctor
(6) capacitance unit conversion: 1F = 10 ^ 6 μ F=10^12pF
(7) EV is the unit of energy, 1eV = 1.60 × 10-19J
(8) other related contents: electrostatic shielding / oscilloscope, oscilloscope and its application / equipotential surface / tip discharge, etc
(9) electric field strength e = u / D = 4 π kQ/ ε S. And work w = u * Q
the latter two formulas are commonly used in non transport electric field, and the first one needs integral method
Feeding method: the alpaca needs to be saddled with carpet before feeding
analysis of breeding methods: in PC version, alpacas can only be fed after they are tamed by riding on them. Alpacas like food is wheat, take out wheat long press two alpacas can be fed. In PC, alpacas don't eat wheat, but eat hay. Take out hay and right-click alpacas to feed. After feeding two alpacas, they will come out with red hearts, then they will squeeze together and give birth to a baby alpaca