Ethereum alliance ETF fund
Publish: 2021-05-22 10:49:06
1.
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about the variability of blockchain
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eth, if most people agree to modify the chain, that is, variability, then they can modify the blockchain records and contracts
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etc, blockchain records and contracts can't be modified, that is, they can't be tampered with
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here are the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods
The advantage of -
variability is that people can make timely changes to make the right decisions. Therefore, modifying the specification is more practical than finding loopholes
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non modifiability means that no matter how smart people are at that time, it is impossible not to make mistakes. Therefore, when problems arise in this scheme, it is best to find and solve the loopholes through the existing legal framework
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differences in development
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eth, whether it is intentionally arranged or since its birth, the core decisions of blockchain are made by Ethereum foundation with the participation of the community and most of them are developed by it
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etc, the decision-making of blockchain is mainly decided by the feedback of three loose, collaborative teams with community participation
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in any case, anyone can put forward improvement suggestions for the two kinds of blockchains. This is the benefit of open source, and it is also very common. You will find that developers of the two chains communicate with each other through GitHub and reddit. I hope to improve the frequency of communication in order to achieve the common goal
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about compatibility
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at present, the two kinds of blockchains are compatible with each other. Contracts or applications written by eth can be applied on etc, and vice versa
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eth, focusing on ewasm, is committed to providing a platform for more and more developers, while the issue of contract security is secondary, such as viper
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etc focuses on making developers create more secure contracts, such as viper, iohk research, at the cost of consuming the number of potential developers
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it's obvious that both chains can accept each other, regardless of whether their wishes are the same or not. My view is that the number of developers is not necessarily related to the quality of the proct
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about the transaction speed
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eth, the average is 25 seconds, which will be shortened after upgrading
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etc, with an average time of 14 seconds, maintained at 10-14 seconds after upgrade, according to ecip-1010 and ecip-1036 protocols
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about the block capacity
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eth, with the daily trading volume of eth graally reaching 5 million, the block capacity is graally saturated. This situation is similar to the recent transaction cost of bitcoin. This problem can be solved by expanding the block capacity by increasing the default fuel limit
ETC， At present, there is still a lot of room for block capacity. As more and more people accept etc, the block capacity will also increase, just like eth
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about community
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eth, mainly discuss on reddit
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etc, mainly discuss on slack
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about monetary policy
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eth, the planned supply is growing steadily, resulting in an average inflation of 3% in eth blockchain in its life cycle
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etc, before 2025, inflation will reach 3%, and then the total supply will reach 200 million etc, and then there will be deflation
As for the regional distribution of trading volume, China accounts for 20%, South Korea 25% and the United States 25% In etc, China accounts for 50%, South Korea 25% and the United States 10% About securities, at present, investors do not have the option to trade securities. Recently, one of eth's ETFs, trading open-end index funds, was denied by the regulators -
etc owns etc trading trust, which allows investors to own etc instead of the asset itself
2. 2020 is the first year of proction rection. Everyone turns to BTC, BCH, BSV and other currencies. However, you forget eth. As the king of the public chain, ETH will usher in the big upgrade of 2.0 super version in 2020, switching from the pow mechanism to the POS mechanism. In addition, it will face proction rection in March next year, and its circulation will be reced by 10 times. Its impact is no less than that of bitcoin proction. Since the beginning of the year, the trading volume of eth has grown explosively, and the institutional capital has poured in to preempt the layout. However, the current price of eth is only 260 US dollars. With many super favorable blessings, the market expects eth to usher in a super bull market< In theory, X2
2. The circulation of next year will decrease 10 times. In theory, X2
3. The current price of eth is 260x4 = US $1040 (upgrade + expected price after proction rection)
ring this period, the return comparison between holding spot and ETF fund is as follows:
1. Holding spot makes 4 times of profit
2. Holding Ethereum ETF fund starts with 12 times of profit, Up to more than 30 times (intelligent position adjustment + fund compound interest calculation)
there is no doubt that the Ethereum ETF launched by bitoffer is the best investment choice!
2. The circulation of next year will decrease 10 times. In theory, X2
3. The current price of eth is 260x4 = US $1040 (upgrade + expected price after proction rection)
ring this period, the return comparison between holding spot and ETF fund is as follows:
1. Holding spot makes 4 times of profit
2. Holding Ethereum ETF fund starts with 12 times of profit, Up to more than 30 times (intelligent position adjustment + fund compound interest calculation)
there is no doubt that the Ethereum ETF launched by bitoffer is the best investment choice!
3. Shell [b] è i b ì]
shell coin: generally 2.2 cm long, 1.6 cm wide, flat back shell coin is about 0.8 cm thick, with 12 teeth to 12 teeth, 11 teeth to 12 teeth, and 12 teeth to 13 teeth. There are two parts: decibel pit and under shell. The distance between the first teeth and the second teeth of the shell part is obviously larger than that of the back row teeth. Most of these coins were unearthed from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and Jiahu cultural sites in Luohe, Henan Province. The unearthed coins wrapped in red sand have less damage and less shell corrosion. The shell nest is well preserved and should be unearthed from the Yangshao cultural site in Henan Province. Shell currency is used in Chinese history, and natural shell currency is the earliest currency in the world. Copper shell and lead shell are the earliest metal currency in China and the world
seashells were used as the original currency in the pre Qin period. It is found that shell coins were used as early as the late Xia Dynasty, and were more common in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. In the Shang Dynasty, a kind of tooth shell was common. The back of the shell was often polished or drilled to make it easy to carry. Shellfish is a kind of shellfish growing in the tropical and subtropical shallow sea. It is small, long, colorful, strong and rable, and has become a favorite ornament of primitive residents. Because of its moderate size, easy to carry, easy to count and other characteristics, with the development of social economy and the formation of commodity society, natural shellfish graally acts as the general equivalent of commodity exchange. Materials are: Golden shell, silver shell, copper shell, lead shell, jade shell, stone shell, bone shell, etc. Stone shell and bone shell are used as currency circulation, while copper shell and lead shell are the earliest metal currency in China and the world. Jinbei, Yinbei and Yubei may be mainly used as gifts. After the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, shell coins were graally replaced by metal coins, but they were still used in a few areas of Yunnan until the Ming Dynasty
the unit of measurement of Bei coin is "Peng", with five Bei as a string and two strings as a Peng<
Chinese name
shellfish
foreign name
Bei money
type
ancient currency
use
pre Qin period
fast
navigation
function significance
classification of shellfish
historical evolution
in ancient China, the primitive society was about four or five thousand years ago, because of low proctivity and lack of material, The occasional exchange between tribes or families is just barter. With the development of proctive forces and social progress, social material wealth is relatively rich, people's material life needs continue to expand, barter has become increasingly unable to meet the needs of social life, so people need to find the intermediary of exchange. Shellfish is a kind of shellfish growing in tropical and subtropical shallow sea. It is small and exquisite, colorful, strong and rable, and has become a favorite decoration of primitive residents. Because of its moderate size, easy to carry, easy to count and other characteristics, later, with the development of social economy and the formation of commodity society, shellfish as a medium of exchange has become a natural thing, Natural shellfish graally act as the general equivalent of commodity exchange
the original shellfish coin was proced in the Shang Dynasty 3000 years ago. It is the ancestor of the coin. It is a kind of shellfish currency processed from natural seashells. It was unearthed in Fuhao Tomb of Yin Ruins in Henan Province. The age is from the 19th century BC to the 16th century BC, more than 3500 years ago. The processed natural shell coins have grooves on one side. They are smooth and beautiful, small and exquisite, strong and wear-resistant, and easy to carry. This kind of sea coins are mainly proced in the East China Sea, South China Sea and other sea areas in China, reflecting the commercial exchanges of the Shang Dynasty. Its emergence marked the development of social proctive forces at that time. After the original barter stage, there are more and more commodities that can be exchanged. At this time, shell coins appeared and became the intermediary of commodity exchange
before the middle of the Shang Dynasty, the value of shellfish coins was very high. It would be a great honor for the officials to be rewarded with shellfish coins by the king of the Shang Dynasty. With the development of commodity economy at that time, the supply of natural shellfish graally exceeded the demand, so many imitation shellfish appeared at that time, such as stone shellfish, bone shellfish, mussel, green pine shellfish, etc. these kinds of shellfish are small in size, and their length is about 1.2 cm ~ 2.4 cm
in the late Shang Dynasty, copper coins appeared again, and their shapes were similar to those of seashells. Copper shell was unearthed in tombs of the late Shang Dynasty in Anyang, Henan Province and Baode, Shanxi Province. The age of copper shell is about the 14th to 11th century BC. It can be called the earliest metal currency in China. One of the copper coins covered with gold is used as large currency. The unit of measurement of Bei coin is "Peng". The original meaning of the word "Peng" refers to a string or two connected "Bei", which graally evolved into a unit of measurement Generally speaking, two bunches of five or two bunches of ten are regarded as "one friend"< In the Shang Dynasty, seashells were colorful, portable, rable and countable. When human beings entered the primitive society of fishing, hunting, collecting and farming, they were only handed down as ornaments. Because of the regional differences, in order to obtain the needs, it is natural for the tribes to barter. The shell ornament unearthed from the tomb of Yangshao village in Henan Province is about 7000 years old. Obviously, most of these Bedouins were transferred from other coastal tribes to inland exchange, which may proce currency form in exchange
in the slave society of the Xia Dynasty, the merchants and the tribes in the South began to exchange goods, and the number of seashells increased. At the same time, the application scope of seashells also changed from single to multiple. Due to the continuous emergence of commodities, seashells began to have the qualification of commodity exchange as a medium. The shell coins unearthed from the Xia cultural site in Erlitou, Henan Province, witnessed the earliest appearance of the original goods shell in China. As a kind of currency, the large-scale seashells include Huban Baobao, awenshou, shuban Yanbei, snake head Yanbei, etc; Small seashells include freighter, pseudojujube, etc., and freighter is the most common. They grow between the reefs of the East China Sea and the South China Sea. From its shape, most of them are white, hollow, long and thin mouth, many pairs of teeth, back uplift or manual grinding back type, and there are often grinding holes at both ends, which are easy to wear and carry. In terms of the unit of measurement, the more shells there are, the higher the value is, and the less the value is, the lower the value is
from the perspective of its function, shell money is not only a non-metallic natural currency, but also a general equivalent in the pre Qin commodity exchange. Seashells are wealth. Through equal exchange, they can meet the demand and show the degree of wealth. For example, in addition to 755 pieces of sacrificial jade such as guard of honor, tools, articles, ornaments and miscellaneous utensils, there are 7000 shell coins, that is 700 pengbei. According to the inscriptions of Weihe (yintonghe, the ancient bronze ware of warm wine) in the third year of the reign of Gongwang in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qiu Wei used Jinzhang (the jade ritual vessel) worth 80 pengbei to replace 10 fields of zubo, and 700 pengbei for Fuhao could replace nearly 90 fields, which shows the great wealth< From the middle and late Shang Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty, e to the increase of population, the progress of agriculture, the development of handicraft instry, the frequent trade and other factors, the demand for shellfish surged, and then there appeared such shellfish as stone, bone, clam, pottery and so on. Its value is the same as that of seashells. The value of a seashell or imitation seashell is slightly lower, while the value of zhuyubei is expensive. People use all kinds of shell coins to exchange goods
Xunzi's "Wang Zhi Pian" describes the situation of goods circulation at that time, saying that "walking horses and big dogs in the north, feathers and ivory in the south, rhinoceros pigment in the south, sea fish and sea salt in the East, leather and woolen goods in the west, and oxtail can be bought in the Chinese market. People living in the fields can get wood, people living in the mountains can get aquatic procts, and farmers can get equipment without using knives and axes, Instry and commerce can get food without farming or planting. " Therefore, the prosperity of commerce is e to money. In turn, it promotes proction and economic development. And these varieties of shellfish became the most homogeneous currency in China. This period also gave birth to copper shell coin (a kind of metal imitation shell)
copper shell is the ancestor of metal coins
a small copper shell usually weighs about 5 baht (3 G). Another example is that in a bronze inscription of King li of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it says "punish the girl (i.e. you) 300", that is to say, punish you 150 liang of copper shells. The bronze shells of Shang Dynasty unearthed in Anyang, Henan and Baode, Shanxi are the earliest metal coins in China and the world
in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the three Jin Dynasties (Zhao, Wei, Han) and Qilu also cast copper hollow imitation shells, especially the copper shells cast by the state of Lu. The copper shell of Chu state was mainly made of solid bronze shell (or ant nose coin or ghost face shell) at that time, with the most common character of crying shell. In addition, wenyinbei, together with wuwenjinbei and Yinbei unearthed from the tomb of Zhongshan king in the pre Qin period in Lingshou County, Hebei Province, pioneered the gold and silver coinage in China. More than 1000 pieces of baojinbei were unearthed from the Eastern Zhou tomb in Huixian County, Henan Province, which can be regarded as the originator of Chinese gold coins. From seashells to ornaments, they became diversified, multi-quality, light and heavy goods with different values. Until Qin Dynasty (221 BC) abolished the system of shellfish coins, shellfish coins experienced a long evolution process. They not only played an important role in the prosperity of regional commerce at that time, but also played an important part in the history of Chinese coins
classification of shell coins
shell coins are divided into shell shells, bone shells, stone shells, copper shells, etc., but the most commonly used ones are natural seashells< There are many kinds of natural seashells, such as "freights" (also known as toothed seashells), "pseudojujube seashells", "awenshou seashells" (also known as Dabei, Huban seashells), "lingmuste Torreya conch" and so on. Among them, "freights" are more common. Those with a long tooth groove on the surface are called "scallop teeth" or "scallop lips". The front of the seashells is relatively flat, and the side of the seashells is slightly bulging, In order to be easy to carry, people chiseled small holes on the back of the scallops. In the early days, the holes were relatively small, which was called "small hole type scallops". Later, the holes graally expanded, which was called "large hole type scallops". During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the back of "freights" was almost flat, which was called "freights with grinding back"
"tongfangbei" generally imitates the shape of commodity shells. In the early days, it was similar to the shape of natural shells. After the spring and Autumn period, the inscribed "tongfangbei" was cast in the southern Chu region, which is called wentongbei. Some of its shapes are like ants climbing their noses, while others look like grimaces. Therefore, it is commonly known as "yibiqian" or "grimaces Qian". There are more than 10 kinds of face inscriptions, but their shapes are relatively consistent, It was widely used in southern China. The "ant nose money" was cast in the early Warring States period (5th century BC), while the "ghost face money" was cast in the middle and late Warring States period (4th-3rd century BC). It was one of the most advanced forms of money at that time, except the Chu copper shell, During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, there were also metal shells in northern China, such as "golden shell", "silver shell" and "gilded copper shell". The appearance of "imitation copper shell" was a great thing in the history of currency development in China, which greatly pushed forward the development of currency in China, and was relatively unified with its size, weight and value, Moreover, it can cast a large number of shellfish in situ, and other advantages that can't be compared with "cargo shellfish" and "imitation shellfish" have entered the current market
shell coin: generally 2.2 cm long, 1.6 cm wide, flat back shell coin is about 0.8 cm thick, with 12 teeth to 12 teeth, 11 teeth to 12 teeth, and 12 teeth to 13 teeth. There are two parts: decibel pit and under shell. The distance between the first teeth and the second teeth of the shell part is obviously larger than that of the back row teeth. Most of these coins were unearthed from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and Jiahu cultural sites in Luohe, Henan Province. The unearthed coins wrapped in red sand have less damage and less shell corrosion. The shell nest is well preserved and should be unearthed from the Yangshao cultural site in Henan Province. Shell currency is used in Chinese history, and natural shell currency is the earliest currency in the world. Copper shell and lead shell are the earliest metal currency in China and the world
seashells were used as the original currency in the pre Qin period. It is found that shell coins were used as early as the late Xia Dynasty, and were more common in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. In the Shang Dynasty, a kind of tooth shell was common. The back of the shell was often polished or drilled to make it easy to carry. Shellfish is a kind of shellfish growing in the tropical and subtropical shallow sea. It is small, long, colorful, strong and rable, and has become a favorite ornament of primitive residents. Because of its moderate size, easy to carry, easy to count and other characteristics, with the development of social economy and the formation of commodity society, natural shellfish graally acts as the general equivalent of commodity exchange. Materials are: Golden shell, silver shell, copper shell, lead shell, jade shell, stone shell, bone shell, etc. Stone shell and bone shell are used as currency circulation, while copper shell and lead shell are the earliest metal currency in China and the world. Jinbei, Yinbei and Yubei may be mainly used as gifts. After the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, shell coins were graally replaced by metal coins, but they were still used in a few areas of Yunnan until the Ming Dynasty
the unit of measurement of Bei coin is "Peng", with five Bei as a string and two strings as a Peng<
Chinese name
shellfish
foreign name
Bei money
type
ancient currency
use
pre Qin period
fast
navigation
function significance
classification of shellfish
historical evolution
in ancient China, the primitive society was about four or five thousand years ago, because of low proctivity and lack of material, The occasional exchange between tribes or families is just barter. With the development of proctive forces and social progress, social material wealth is relatively rich, people's material life needs continue to expand, barter has become increasingly unable to meet the needs of social life, so people need to find the intermediary of exchange. Shellfish is a kind of shellfish growing in tropical and subtropical shallow sea. It is small and exquisite, colorful, strong and rable, and has become a favorite decoration of primitive residents. Because of its moderate size, easy to carry, easy to count and other characteristics, later, with the development of social economy and the formation of commodity society, shellfish as a medium of exchange has become a natural thing, Natural shellfish graally act as the general equivalent of commodity exchange
the original shellfish coin was proced in the Shang Dynasty 3000 years ago. It is the ancestor of the coin. It is a kind of shellfish currency processed from natural seashells. It was unearthed in Fuhao Tomb of Yin Ruins in Henan Province. The age is from the 19th century BC to the 16th century BC, more than 3500 years ago. The processed natural shell coins have grooves on one side. They are smooth and beautiful, small and exquisite, strong and wear-resistant, and easy to carry. This kind of sea coins are mainly proced in the East China Sea, South China Sea and other sea areas in China, reflecting the commercial exchanges of the Shang Dynasty. Its emergence marked the development of social proctive forces at that time. After the original barter stage, there are more and more commodities that can be exchanged. At this time, shell coins appeared and became the intermediary of commodity exchange
before the middle of the Shang Dynasty, the value of shellfish coins was very high. It would be a great honor for the officials to be rewarded with shellfish coins by the king of the Shang Dynasty. With the development of commodity economy at that time, the supply of natural shellfish graally exceeded the demand, so many imitation shellfish appeared at that time, such as stone shellfish, bone shellfish, mussel, green pine shellfish, etc. these kinds of shellfish are small in size, and their length is about 1.2 cm ~ 2.4 cm
in the late Shang Dynasty, copper coins appeared again, and their shapes were similar to those of seashells. Copper shell was unearthed in tombs of the late Shang Dynasty in Anyang, Henan Province and Baode, Shanxi Province. The age of copper shell is about the 14th to 11th century BC. It can be called the earliest metal currency in China. One of the copper coins covered with gold is used as large currency. The unit of measurement of Bei coin is "Peng". The original meaning of the word "Peng" refers to a string or two connected "Bei", which graally evolved into a unit of measurement Generally speaking, two bunches of five or two bunches of ten are regarded as "one friend"< In the Shang Dynasty, seashells were colorful, portable, rable and countable. When human beings entered the primitive society of fishing, hunting, collecting and farming, they were only handed down as ornaments. Because of the regional differences, in order to obtain the needs, it is natural for the tribes to barter. The shell ornament unearthed from the tomb of Yangshao village in Henan Province is about 7000 years old. Obviously, most of these Bedouins were transferred from other coastal tribes to inland exchange, which may proce currency form in exchange
in the slave society of the Xia Dynasty, the merchants and the tribes in the South began to exchange goods, and the number of seashells increased. At the same time, the application scope of seashells also changed from single to multiple. Due to the continuous emergence of commodities, seashells began to have the qualification of commodity exchange as a medium. The shell coins unearthed from the Xia cultural site in Erlitou, Henan Province, witnessed the earliest appearance of the original goods shell in China. As a kind of currency, the large-scale seashells include Huban Baobao, awenshou, shuban Yanbei, snake head Yanbei, etc; Small seashells include freighter, pseudojujube, etc., and freighter is the most common. They grow between the reefs of the East China Sea and the South China Sea. From its shape, most of them are white, hollow, long and thin mouth, many pairs of teeth, back uplift or manual grinding back type, and there are often grinding holes at both ends, which are easy to wear and carry. In terms of the unit of measurement, the more shells there are, the higher the value is, and the less the value is, the lower the value is
from the perspective of its function, shell money is not only a non-metallic natural currency, but also a general equivalent in the pre Qin commodity exchange. Seashells are wealth. Through equal exchange, they can meet the demand and show the degree of wealth. For example, in addition to 755 pieces of sacrificial jade such as guard of honor, tools, articles, ornaments and miscellaneous utensils, there are 7000 shell coins, that is 700 pengbei. According to the inscriptions of Weihe (yintonghe, the ancient bronze ware of warm wine) in the third year of the reign of Gongwang in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qiu Wei used Jinzhang (the jade ritual vessel) worth 80 pengbei to replace 10 fields of zubo, and 700 pengbei for Fuhao could replace nearly 90 fields, which shows the great wealth< From the middle and late Shang Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty, e to the increase of population, the progress of agriculture, the development of handicraft instry, the frequent trade and other factors, the demand for shellfish surged, and then there appeared such shellfish as stone, bone, clam, pottery and so on. Its value is the same as that of seashells. The value of a seashell or imitation seashell is slightly lower, while the value of zhuyubei is expensive. People use all kinds of shell coins to exchange goods
Xunzi's "Wang Zhi Pian" describes the situation of goods circulation at that time, saying that "walking horses and big dogs in the north, feathers and ivory in the south, rhinoceros pigment in the south, sea fish and sea salt in the East, leather and woolen goods in the west, and oxtail can be bought in the Chinese market. People living in the fields can get wood, people living in the mountains can get aquatic procts, and farmers can get equipment without using knives and axes, Instry and commerce can get food without farming or planting. " Therefore, the prosperity of commerce is e to money. In turn, it promotes proction and economic development. And these varieties of shellfish became the most homogeneous currency in China. This period also gave birth to copper shell coin (a kind of metal imitation shell)
copper shell is the ancestor of metal coins
a small copper shell usually weighs about 5 baht (3 G). Another example is that in a bronze inscription of King li of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it says "punish the girl (i.e. you) 300", that is to say, punish you 150 liang of copper shells. The bronze shells of Shang Dynasty unearthed in Anyang, Henan and Baode, Shanxi are the earliest metal coins in China and the world
in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the three Jin Dynasties (Zhao, Wei, Han) and Qilu also cast copper hollow imitation shells, especially the copper shells cast by the state of Lu. The copper shell of Chu state was mainly made of solid bronze shell (or ant nose coin or ghost face shell) at that time, with the most common character of crying shell. In addition, wenyinbei, together with wuwenjinbei and Yinbei unearthed from the tomb of Zhongshan king in the pre Qin period in Lingshou County, Hebei Province, pioneered the gold and silver coinage in China. More than 1000 pieces of baojinbei were unearthed from the Eastern Zhou tomb in Huixian County, Henan Province, which can be regarded as the originator of Chinese gold coins. From seashells to ornaments, they became diversified, multi-quality, light and heavy goods with different values. Until Qin Dynasty (221 BC) abolished the system of shellfish coins, shellfish coins experienced a long evolution process. They not only played an important role in the prosperity of regional commerce at that time, but also played an important part in the history of Chinese coins
classification of shell coins
shell coins are divided into shell shells, bone shells, stone shells, copper shells, etc., but the most commonly used ones are natural seashells< There are many kinds of natural seashells, such as "freights" (also known as toothed seashells), "pseudojujube seashells", "awenshou seashells" (also known as Dabei, Huban seashells), "lingmuste Torreya conch" and so on. Among them, "freights" are more common. Those with a long tooth groove on the surface are called "scallop teeth" or "scallop lips". The front of the seashells is relatively flat, and the side of the seashells is slightly bulging, In order to be easy to carry, people chiseled small holes on the back of the scallops. In the early days, the holes were relatively small, which was called "small hole type scallops". Later, the holes graally expanded, which was called "large hole type scallops". During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the back of "freights" was almost flat, which was called "freights with grinding back"
"tongfangbei" generally imitates the shape of commodity shells. In the early days, it was similar to the shape of natural shells. After the spring and Autumn period, the inscribed "tongfangbei" was cast in the southern Chu region, which is called wentongbei. Some of its shapes are like ants climbing their noses, while others look like grimaces. Therefore, it is commonly known as "yibiqian" or "grimaces Qian". There are more than 10 kinds of face inscriptions, but their shapes are relatively consistent, It was widely used in southern China. The "ant nose money" was cast in the early Warring States period (5th century BC), while the "ghost face money" was cast in the middle and late Warring States period (4th-3rd century BC). It was one of the most advanced forms of money at that time, except the Chu copper shell, During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, there were also metal shells in northern China, such as "golden shell", "silver shell" and "gilded copper shell". The appearance of "imitation copper shell" was a great thing in the history of currency development in China, which greatly pushed forward the development of currency in China, and was relatively unified with its size, weight and value, Moreover, it can cast a large number of shellfish in situ, and other advantages that can't be compared with "cargo shellfish" and "imitation shellfish" have entered the current market
4. Ethereum ETF fund can be sold at a specific price by opening a fund account.
5. 59901 shen100etf (e-fonda Shenzhen 100 trading open-end Index Fund) 159902 small and medium-sized board (Huaxia SME board trading open-end Index Fund) 159903 Shencheng ETF (Southern Fund Shenzhen Component trading open-end index securities investment fund) 510010 governance ETF (CCB Schroeder Shanghai 180 corporate governance trading open-end index securities investment fund) 510020 Big ETF (Boshi Shanghai super market trading open-end index securities investment fund) has not started trading 510050 50ETF (Huaxia Shanghai 50 trading open-end index securities investment fund) 510060 central enterprise ETF (ICBC Credit Suisse Shanghai central enterprise 50 trading open-end Index Fund) 510180 ETF (Hua'an Shanghai 180 trading open-end index securities investment fund) 510880 dividend ETF (AIA Huatai Shanghai Stock Exchange dividend trading open end index securities investment fund)
6.
1. You can synthesize one with 2 broken shining souls
extended materials:
minecraft focuses on allowing players to explore, interact, and change a map dynamically generated by a cubic meter square. In addition to squares, environmental functions include plants, creatures and objects
some of the activities in the game include collecting minerals, fighting against hostile creatures, synthesizing new squares and collecting various resources found in the game
unlimited mode in the game allows players to create works and create art in various multiplayer game servers or their single player mode. Other functions include the red stone circuit of logic operation and remote action, the mine car system, and the mysterious world called "lower bound"
finally, you can travel to a dimension called "terminal place" and defeat the terminal shadow dragon
minecraft's world takes place in a three-dimensional grid composed of cubes, each of which is occupied by a specific kind of squares. There are many kinds of squares; Natural squares like grass, stone and various minerals are randomly generated in the world
blocks are the basic objects of the world
players can also synthesize their own diamonds. Resources can be removed by hand or with tools. Players can also use the box to build the works they want
7. Hello, everyone. My house was moved in 2010. This winter, there was a buzzing sound in my room. Later, I found that it was my neighbor on the 23rd floor, Meide's air conditioner. It was very loud. I was on the 21st floor. After repair, it was a little better. But now every night there is a low buzzing sound. I'm really upset and miserable, Is it the house that seriously affects my sleep at night? How can we eliminate this terrible noise,
8. Novices can buy, sell or make fixed investment when they open an account with their ID card in a securities company or bank. For example, when they buy an exchange traded fund, they can buy at least 100 shares. For example, 163503, the current closing price is 0.5 yuan, and when they buy 100 shares, they can buy about 60 yuan. From 100-300 yuan, different banks have different standards. At present, there are three main channels to buy and sell open-end funds, The cheapest is trading on the spot:
securities companies can buy and sell open-end funds, index funds, closed-end funds, lof funds, stocks, warrants and bonds. There are more than 590 kinds of open-end funds. Bank subscription: it is the worst way to buy and sell funds: the front-end fee is 1.5% of subscription fee and 0.5% of redemption fee, and the back-end fee is about 2% of redemption fee. However, it belongs to the situation of holding no more than half a year. The redemption fee is charged annually. Generally, if holding more than 3 years, it is free of redemption fee. Each bank can buy about 100 kinds of funds, and the money will arrive in 4-7 days, which takes a long time. Maybe the market has changed and you want to apply again, but the money hasn't arrived. It's the worst way to buy and sell funds
two. Go to the fund company to apply for purchase directly from the Internet: if you want to apply for 1.5% of the purchase fee, you can get 6% off, and the redemption fee is 0.5%. Each fund company can buy their own fund, to go to a number of fund companies from the Internet to register. Open online bank, when redeem money wants 4-7 days to arrive account, time is long. Maybe the market has changed and you want to apply again, but the money hasn't arrived. Open online banking, from the Internet to a number of fund companies registered, more troublesome, is a poor way to buy and sell funds
three. Open a securities account, sit at home, online purchase, do not have to go to the bank. When you buy funds in securities companies, you can buy 0.3% of the subscription fee and 0.3% of the redemption fee. Open end funds such as Nanfang actively allocate funds, Nanfang Gaozeng Guangfa small cap funds, and you can also buy index funds, which are eight ETF funds, such as e-fonda shen100etf, Huaxia SHANGZHENG 50, AIA bonus ETF. The advantage is that the fees are low, and the handling fees for buying and selling funds in securities companies are 0.3%, without stamp ty, Funds to the account quickly, immediately to the account, immediate use, can avoid the redemption of 4-7 days of waiting, with a securities account to subscribe for new funds, subscription fees will be returned to investors< However, ETFs based on fixed income securities, commodities and currencies are also developing. For small and medium-sized investors, ETF's transaction costs and management costs are very low, the shareholding portfolio is relatively stable, the risk is often more dispersed, and the liquidity is very high, so it has a strong attraction. Some people think that the steady development of ETF will lead to the decline of traditional actively managed equity funds
because ETF funds must be purchased through securities companies, some fund companies have developed ETF linked funds in order to broaden the sales channels of ETF. ETF linked funds are essentially a kind of open-end funds. The subscription, purchase and redemption methods and channels of ETF linked funds are completely the same as ordinary open-end funds. Their characteristics are that the investment targets of ordinary open-end funds and ETF are both stocks and shares Fixed income and other assets, and the vast majority of ETF linked fund investment target is its target ETF fund (generally no less than 90% of the position invested in the target ETF fund), such funds are also known as "shadow fund", "replication fund"
lof is an innovation in the trading mode of open-end funds, and its more practical significance lies in: on the one hand, lof provides technical means for "closing to opening". For closed-end funds, lof is a solution that inherits the characteristics of closed-end funds and increases the way of investors' exit. For closed-end funds, lof is not only a reasonable transformation of fund trading mode, but also a reasonable inheritance of open-end funds to closed-end funds. On the other hand, the floor trading of lof reces the pressure of redemption. In addition, lof increases sales channels for fund companies to ease the sales bottleneck of banks
What lof and ETF have in common is that they have both over-the-counter and over-the-counter trading modes, and both of them provide arbitrage possibilities for investors. In addition, lof is different from the current open-end funds in that it increases the trading flexibility brought by floor trading< The differences between ETF and lof are as follows:
firstly, ETF is essentially an index type open-end fund, which is passively managed, while lof is an ordinary open-end fund, which increases the trading mode of the exchange. It may be an index type fund or an actively managed fund< Secondly, ETF exchanges fund shares and "basket" stocks with investors, while lof exchanges cash with investors
thirdly, in the primary market, that is, when applying for purchase and redemption, the investors of ETF are generally large investors, such as institutional investors and large-scale indivial investors, while lof is not limited
finally, in the secondary market, ETF provides a fund net value quotation every 15 seconds, while lof provides a fund net value quotation every day
securities companies can buy and sell open-end funds, index funds, closed-end funds, lof funds, stocks, warrants and bonds. There are more than 300 kinds of open-end funds. Where do we choose to apply for them to minimize the handling charges
one. Bank purchase: the worst way to buy and sell funds: 1.5% purchase fee and 0.6% redemption fee. Each bank can buy about 100 kinds of funds, and the money will arrive in 4-6 days, which takes a long time. Maybe the market has changed and you want to apply again, but the money hasn't arrived. It's the worst way to buy and sell funds
two. Go to the fund company to apply for purchase directly from the Internet: the application fee is 0.6%, and the redemption fee is 0.6%. Each fund company can buy their own fund, to go to a number of fund companies from the Internet to register. Open online bank, when redeem money wants 4-6 days to arrive account, time is long. Maybe the market has changed and you want to apply again, but the money hasn't arrived. Open online banking, from the Internet to a number of fund companies registered, more troublesome, is a poor way to buy and sell funds
three. Open a securities account, sit at home, online purchase, do not have to go to the bank. We have preferential securities companies to buy funds: 0.3% of the purchase fee, 0.3% of the selling and redemption fee, open-end funds such as: Southern active allocation, southern high growth GF Small Cap Fund, you can also buy index funds, which are six ETF funds, such as: e-fonda Shenzhen 100ETF, Huaxia Shanghai 50, AIA dividend ETF, low fees, fund handling fee of 8 / 10000, no stamp ty,, Funds to the account quickly, immediately to the account, immediate use.
securities companies can buy and sell open-end funds, index funds, closed-end funds, lof funds, stocks, warrants and bonds. There are more than 590 kinds of open-end funds. Bank subscription: it is the worst way to buy and sell funds: the front-end fee is 1.5% of subscription fee and 0.5% of redemption fee, and the back-end fee is about 2% of redemption fee. However, it belongs to the situation of holding no more than half a year. The redemption fee is charged annually. Generally, if holding more than 3 years, it is free of redemption fee. Each bank can buy about 100 kinds of funds, and the money will arrive in 4-7 days, which takes a long time. Maybe the market has changed and you want to apply again, but the money hasn't arrived. It's the worst way to buy and sell funds
two. Go to the fund company to apply for purchase directly from the Internet: if you want to apply for 1.5% of the purchase fee, you can get 6% off, and the redemption fee is 0.5%. Each fund company can buy their own fund, to go to a number of fund companies from the Internet to register. Open online bank, when redeem money wants 4-7 days to arrive account, time is long. Maybe the market has changed and you want to apply again, but the money hasn't arrived. Open online banking, from the Internet to a number of fund companies registered, more troublesome, is a poor way to buy and sell funds
three. Open a securities account, sit at home, online purchase, do not have to go to the bank. When you buy funds in securities companies, you can buy 0.3% of the subscription fee and 0.3% of the redemption fee. Open end funds such as Nanfang actively allocate funds, Nanfang Gaozeng Guangfa small cap funds, and you can also buy index funds, which are eight ETF funds, such as e-fonda shen100etf, Huaxia SHANGZHENG 50, AIA bonus ETF. The advantage is that the fees are low, and the handling fees for buying and selling funds in securities companies are 0.3%, without stamp ty, Funds to the account quickly, immediately to the account, immediate use, can avoid the redemption of 4-7 days of waiting, with a securities account to subscribe for new funds, subscription fees will be returned to investors< However, ETFs based on fixed income securities, commodities and currencies are also developing. For small and medium-sized investors, ETF's transaction costs and management costs are very low, the shareholding portfolio is relatively stable, the risk is often more dispersed, and the liquidity is very high, so it has a strong attraction. Some people think that the steady development of ETF will lead to the decline of traditional actively managed equity funds
because ETF funds must be purchased through securities companies, some fund companies have developed ETF linked funds in order to broaden the sales channels of ETF. ETF linked funds are essentially a kind of open-end funds. The subscription, purchase and redemption methods and channels of ETF linked funds are completely the same as ordinary open-end funds. Their characteristics are that the investment targets of ordinary open-end funds and ETF are both stocks and shares Fixed income and other assets, and the vast majority of ETF linked fund investment target is its target ETF fund (generally no less than 90% of the position invested in the target ETF fund), such funds are also known as "shadow fund", "replication fund"
lof is an innovation in the trading mode of open-end funds, and its more practical significance lies in: on the one hand, lof provides technical means for "closing to opening". For closed-end funds, lof is a solution that inherits the characteristics of closed-end funds and increases the way of investors' exit. For closed-end funds, lof is not only a reasonable transformation of fund trading mode, but also a reasonable inheritance of open-end funds to closed-end funds. On the other hand, the floor trading of lof reces the pressure of redemption. In addition, lof increases sales channels for fund companies to ease the sales bottleneck of banks
What lof and ETF have in common is that they have both over-the-counter and over-the-counter trading modes, and both of them provide arbitrage possibilities for investors. In addition, lof is different from the current open-end funds in that it increases the trading flexibility brought by floor trading< The differences between ETF and lof are as follows:
firstly, ETF is essentially an index type open-end fund, which is passively managed, while lof is an ordinary open-end fund, which increases the trading mode of the exchange. It may be an index type fund or an actively managed fund< Secondly, ETF exchanges fund shares and "basket" stocks with investors, while lof exchanges cash with investors
thirdly, in the primary market, that is, when applying for purchase and redemption, the investors of ETF are generally large investors, such as institutional investors and large-scale indivial investors, while lof is not limited
finally, in the secondary market, ETF provides a fund net value quotation every 15 seconds, while lof provides a fund net value quotation every day
securities companies can buy and sell open-end funds, index funds, closed-end funds, lof funds, stocks, warrants and bonds. There are more than 300 kinds of open-end funds. Where do we choose to apply for them to minimize the handling charges
one. Bank purchase: the worst way to buy and sell funds: 1.5% purchase fee and 0.6% redemption fee. Each bank can buy about 100 kinds of funds, and the money will arrive in 4-6 days, which takes a long time. Maybe the market has changed and you want to apply again, but the money hasn't arrived. It's the worst way to buy and sell funds
two. Go to the fund company to apply for purchase directly from the Internet: the application fee is 0.6%, and the redemption fee is 0.6%. Each fund company can buy their own fund, to go to a number of fund companies from the Internet to register. Open online bank, when redeem money wants 4-6 days to arrive account, time is long. Maybe the market has changed and you want to apply again, but the money hasn't arrived. Open online banking, from the Internet to a number of fund companies registered, more troublesome, is a poor way to buy and sell funds
three. Open a securities account, sit at home, online purchase, do not have to go to the bank. We have preferential securities companies to buy funds: 0.3% of the purchase fee, 0.3% of the selling and redemption fee, open-end funds such as: Southern active allocation, southern high growth GF Small Cap Fund, you can also buy index funds, which are six ETF funds, such as: e-fonda Shenzhen 100ETF, Huaxia Shanghai 50, AIA dividend ETF, low fees, fund handling fee of 8 / 10000, no stamp ty,, Funds to the account quickly, immediately to the account, immediate use.
9. 1.
difference in definition
ETF fund
trading open-end index securities investment fund, which has the advantages and characteristics of stock, open-end index fund and closed-end index fund, is an efficient index investment tool with rich types of strategies and trading venues in the market...
2.
difference in fund rate
ETF fund trades in the secondary market, So the transaction cost is relatively cheap, especially free of 5 yuan...
3.
index tracking error
e to its own special mechanism, ETF funds can also deal with investors' purchase without retaining much cash positions...
4.
convenience
ETF funds are trading in the secondary market in real time, so it is very convenient. But the exchange of ETF funds can not be set up
difference in definition
ETF fund
trading open-end index securities investment fund, which has the advantages and characteristics of stock, open-end index fund and closed-end index fund, is an efficient index investment tool with rich types of strategies and trading venues in the market...
2.
difference in fund rate
ETF fund trades in the secondary market, So the transaction cost is relatively cheap, especially free of 5 yuan...
3.
index tracking error
e to its own special mechanism, ETF funds can also deal with investors' purchase without retaining much cash positions...
4.
convenience
ETF funds are trading in the secondary market in real time, so it is very convenient. But the exchange of ETF funds can not be set up
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