Ethereum long line
Ethereum energy coin is not MLM
Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract function. Ethereum provides decentralized virtual machine (Ethereum virtual machine) to process point-to-point contract through its special cryptocurrency Ethereum
in 2013, vitalik buterin, 19, first mentioned the idea of Ethereum in a book entitled "Ethereum white paper: next generation intelligent connection and decentralized application platform". Then, in 2014, the algorithm and protocol of Ethernet coin were officially implemented, and $150 million was raised. The system itself was finally completed on July 30, 2015
as the representative of blockchain 2.0, the mainstream currency Ethernet is regarded as the wind vane of crypto digital currency market. However, over the past week, the price of ether currency has continued to fall. On August 14, 2018, the ethereal currency plummeted by 20%, reaching a record low of $257 this year. Compared with this year's peak of $1295, the price of Ethernet currency has shrunk by more than 80%. Affected by this, on August 15, 2018, none of the top ten mainstream currencies in the digital money market was spared, falling across the board, with a number of single day declines exceeding 10%
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Ethereum started planning almost in 2013, and started to implement the project in 2015. Before that, there were many digital currencies imitating bitcoin in the market, and they made various modifications on the basis of bitcoin code. In this way, it is very difficult to develop a new blockchain application, to re deploy a new chain, and then to develop an application on this chain. Using a consensus mechanism of pow alone is a huge maintenance workload. It's like developing an app on a mobile phone and developing the Android system together
after Ethereum comes out, it is equivalent to the underlying operating system of the blockchain. On Ethereum, it is very convenient to develop various dapps without considering the underlying development, and it can also share the computing power and storage of Ethereum. For programmers, the threshold of blockchain development is lowered instantly. The emergence of Ethereum has played a very important role in the development and popularization of blockchain applications. That's why Ethereum is called blockchain 2.0
although the price of Ethereum continues to decline, there are still many investment opportunities. Nowadays, many people invest in Ethereum through virtual currency trading in the realm Kingdom, which is not affected by the rise and fall of prices, but also can invest less money in the shortest time to obtain more income.
Ethereum is likely to rise to 10000 in 2021
institutional investors and big capital are increasingly interested in cryptocurrency. The attention of all whales, and the attention of all the public, is focused on bitcoin. Since the global health and safety incident triggered the market crash in March 2020, the growth of eth has reached 1200%
while BTC only increased by 700%. Of course, in the context of bitcoin's record high price of 40000, Ethereum's rise to $1400 does not seem so impressive. In addition, the market value of eth is five times the trading volume of BTC market
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the increase of Ethereum is as follows:
the transaction volume recorded on Ethereum blockchain exceeds US $1 trillion. These figures exceed the transaction volume of payment giants such as PayPal, which is used by more than 350 million users and whose average transaction volume is generally less than $200 billion per quarter
each transaction will generate network fees paid by eth. Moreover, as the growth rate of the network is still very high, we can confidently expect the "bull market" trend of eth to continue. In any case, interest in cryptocurrency is growing, as are the number of active wallets, the number of transactions on the Internet, and the average size of transactions
Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract function. It provides decentralized virtual machine (Ethereum virtual machine) to process point-to-point contract through its special cryptocurrency ether (also known as "Ethereum")
The token on theblockchain is called ether, and the code is eth. It can be traded in many foreign exchange markets of cryptocurrency, and it is also the medium used to pay transaction fees and computing services on Ethereum
the concept of Ethereum was first proposed by vitalik buterin, a programmer, from 2013 to 2014, inspired by bitcoin, with the general meaning of "next generation cryptocurrency and decentralized application platform", and began to develop through ICO crowdfunding in 2014. As of February 2018, Ethernet is the second highest cryptocurrency in market value, second only to bitcoin
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Ethereum platform has no characteristics and value. Like programming languages, it's up to entrepreneurs and developers to decide what to use. However, it is clear that some application types benefit more from the functions of Ethereum than others. Ethereum is especially suitable for those applications that automatically interact directly between points or promote group coordination activities across networks
for example, coordinate the application of point-to-point market, or the automation of complex financial contracts. Bitcoin enables indivials to exchange money without the help of financial institutions, banks or governments. The impact of Ethereum may be more profound
in theory, any complex financial activities or transactions can be automatically and reliably carried out on Ethereum with coding. In addition to financial applications, any application scenario with high requirements for trust, security and persistence, such as asset registration, voting, management and Internet of things, will be affected by Ethereum platform on a large scale
compared with bitcoin, we can find that Ethereum is more difficult to develop a new encryption technology than bitcoin. This breakthrough has greatly reced the development cost and time for developers who apply blockchain technology. The emergence of Ethereum once again reiterated the need to split the center, as well as the feasibility and advantages of decentralized distributed applications, to the existing economic market, the financial sector a new direction of development and throw to the society a new entrepreneurial ideas and opportunities.
shell coin: generally 2.2 cm long, 1.6 cm wide, flat back shell coin is about 0.8 cm thick, with 12 teeth to 12 teeth, 11 teeth to 12 teeth, and 12 teeth to 13 teeth. There are two parts: decibel pit and under shell. The distance between the first teeth and the second teeth of the shell part is obviously larger than that of the back row teeth. Most of these coins were unearthed from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and Jiahu cultural sites in Luohe, Henan Province. The unearthed coins wrapped in red sand have less damage and less shell corrosion. The shell nest is well preserved and should be unearthed from the Yangshao cultural site in Henan Province. Shell currency is used in Chinese history, and natural shell currency is the earliest currency in the world. Copper shell and lead shell are the earliest metal currency in China and the world
seashells were used as the original currency in the pre Qin period. It is found that shell coins were used as early as the late Xia Dynasty, and were more common in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. In the Shang Dynasty, a kind of tooth shell was common. The back of the shell was often polished or drilled to make it easy to carry. Shellfish is a kind of shellfish growing in the tropical and subtropical shallow sea. It is small, long, colorful, strong and rable, and has become a favorite ornament of primitive residents. Because of its moderate size, easy to carry, easy to count and other characteristics, with the development of social economy and the formation of commodity society, natural shellfish graally acts as the general equivalent of commodity exchange. Materials are: Golden shell, silver shell, copper shell, lead shell, jade shell, stone shell, bone shell, etc. Stone shell and bone shell are used as currency circulation, while copper shell and lead shell are the earliest metal currency in China and the world. Jinbei, Yinbei and Yubei may be mainly used as gifts. After the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, shell coins were graally replaced by metal coins, but they were still used in a few areas of Yunnan until the Ming Dynasty
the unit of measurement of Bei coin is "Peng", with five Bei as a string and two strings as a Peng<
Chinese name
shellfish
foreign name
Bei money
type
ancient currency
use
pre Qin period
fast
navigation
function significance
classification of shellfish
historical evolution
in ancient China, the primitive society was about four or five thousand years ago, because of low proctivity and lack of material, The occasional exchange between tribes or families is just barter. With the development of proctive forces and social progress, social material wealth is relatively rich, people's material life needs continue to expand, barter has become increasingly unable to meet the needs of social life, so people need to find the intermediary of exchange. Shellfish is a kind of shellfish growing in tropical and subtropical shallow sea. It is small and exquisite, colorful, strong and rable, and has become a favorite decoration of primitive residents. Because of its moderate size, easy to carry, easy to count and other characteristics, later, with the development of social economy and the formation of commodity society, shellfish as a medium of exchange has become a natural thing, Natural shellfish graally act as the general equivalent of commodity exchange
the original shellfish coin was proced in the Shang Dynasty 3000 years ago. It is the ancestor of the coin. It is a kind of shellfish currency processed from natural seashells. It was unearthed in Fuhao Tomb of Yin Ruins in Henan Province. The age is from the 19th century BC to the 16th century BC, more than 3500 years ago. The processed natural shell coins have grooves on one side. They are smooth and beautiful, small and exquisite, strong and wear-resistant, and easy to carry. This kind of sea coins are mainly proced in the East China Sea, South China Sea and other sea areas in China, reflecting the commercial exchanges of the Shang Dynasty. Its emergence marked the development of social proctive forces at that time. After the original barter stage, there are more and more commodities that can be exchanged. At this time, shell coins appeared and became the intermediary of commodity exchange
before the middle of the Shang Dynasty, the value of shellfish coins was very high. It would be a great honor for the officials to be rewarded with shellfish coins by the king of the Shang Dynasty. With the development of commodity economy at that time, the supply of natural shellfish graally exceeded the demand, so many imitation shellfish appeared at that time, such as stone shellfish, bone shellfish, mussel, green pine shellfish, etc. these kinds of shellfish are small in size, and their length is about 1.2 cm ~ 2.4 cm
in the late Shang Dynasty, copper coins appeared again, and their shapes were similar to those of seashells. Copper shell was unearthed in tombs of the late Shang Dynasty in Anyang, Henan Province and Baode, Shanxi Province. The age of copper shell is about the 14th to 11th century BC. It can be called the earliest metal currency in China. One of the copper coins covered with gold is used as large currency. The unit of measurement of Bei coin is "Peng". The original meaning of the word "Peng" refers to a string or two connected "Bei", which graally evolved into a unit of measurement Generally speaking, two bunches of five or two bunches of ten are regarded as "one friend"< In the Shang Dynasty, seashells were colorful, portable, rable and countable. When human beings entered the primitive society of fishing, hunting, collecting and farming, they were only handed down as ornaments. Because of the regional differences, in order to obtain the needs, it is natural for the tribes to barter. The shell ornament unearthed from the tomb of Yangshao village in Henan Province is about 7000 years old. Obviously, most of these Bedouins were transferred from other coastal tribes to inland exchange, which may proce currency form in exchange
in the slave society of the Xia Dynasty, the merchants and the tribes in the South began to exchange goods, and the number of seashells increased. At the same time, the application scope of seashells also changed from single to multiple. Due to the continuous emergence of commodities, seashells began to have the qualification of commodity exchange as a medium. The shell coins unearthed from the Xia cultural site in Erlitou, Henan Province, witnessed the earliest appearance of the original goods shell in China. As a kind of currency, the large-scale seashells include Huban Baobao, awenshou, shuban Yanbei, snake head Yanbei, etc; Small seashells include freighter, pseudojujube, etc., and freighter is the most common. They grow between the reefs of the East China Sea and the South China Sea. From its shape, most of them are white, hollow, long and thin mouth, many pairs of teeth, back uplift or manual grinding back type, and there are often grinding holes at both ends, which are easy to wear and carry. In terms of the unit of measurement, the more shells there are, the higher the value is, and the less the value is, the lower the value is
from the perspective of its function, shell money is not only a non-metallic natural currency, but also a general equivalent in the pre Qin commodity exchange. Seashells are wealth. Through equal exchange, they can meet the demand and show the degree of wealth. For example, in addition to 755 pieces of sacrificial jade such as guard of honor, tools, articles, ornaments and miscellaneous utensils, there are 7000 shell coins, that is 700 pengbei. According to the inscriptions of Weihe (yintonghe, the ancient bronze ware of warm wine) in the third year of the reign of Gongwang in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qiu Wei used Jinzhang (the jade ritual vessel) worth 80 pengbei to replace 10 fields of zubo, and 700 pengbei for Fuhao could replace nearly 90 fields, which shows the great wealth< From the middle and late Shang Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty, e to the increase of population, the progress of agriculture, the development of handicraft instry, the frequent trade and other factors, the demand for shellfish surged, and then there appeared such shellfish as stone, bone, clam, pottery and so on. Its value is the same as that of seashells. The value of a seashell or imitation seashell is slightly lower, while the value of zhuyubei is expensive. People use all kinds of shell coins to exchange goods
Xunzi's "Wang Zhi Pian" describes the situation of goods circulation at that time, saying that "walking horses and big dogs in the north, feathers and ivory in the south, rhinoceros pigment in the south, sea fish and sea salt in the East, leather and woolen goods in the west, and oxtail can be bought in the Chinese market. People living in the fields can get wood, people living in the mountains can get aquatic procts, and farmers can get equipment without using knives and axes, Instry and commerce can get food without farming or planting. " Therefore, the prosperity of commerce is e to money. In turn, it promotes proction and economic development. And these varieties of shellfish became the most homogeneous currency in China. This period also gave birth to copper shell coin (a kind of metal imitation shell)
copper shell is the ancestor of metal coins
a small copper shell usually weighs about 5 baht (3 G). Another example is that in a bronze inscription of King li of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it says "punish the girl (i.e. you) 300", that is to say, punish you 150 liang of copper shells. The bronze shells of Shang Dynasty unearthed in Anyang, Henan and Baode, Shanxi are the earliest metal coins in China and the world
in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the three Jin Dynasties (Zhao, Wei, Han) and Qilu also cast copper hollow imitation shells, especially the copper shells cast by the state of Lu. The copper shell of Chu state was mainly made of solid bronze shell (or ant nose coin or ghost face shell) at that time, with the most common character of crying shell. In addition, wenyinbei, together with wuwenjinbei and Yinbei unearthed from the tomb of Zhongshan king in the pre Qin period in Lingshou County, Hebei Province, pioneered the gold and silver coinage in China. More than 1000 pieces of baojinbei were unearthed from the Eastern Zhou tomb in Huixian County, Henan Province, which can be regarded as the originator of Chinese gold coins. From seashells to ornaments, they became diversified, multi-quality, light and heavy goods with different values. Until Qin Dynasty (221 BC) abolished the system of shellfish coins, shellfish coins experienced a long evolution process. They not only played an important role in the prosperity of regional commerce at that time, but also played an important part in the history of Chinese coins
classification of shell coins
shell coins are divided into shell shells, bone shells, stone shells, copper shells, etc., but the most commonly used ones are natural seashells< There are many kinds of natural seashells, such as "freights" (also known as toothed seashells), "pseudojujube seashells", "awenshou seashells" (also known as Dabei, Huban seashells), "lingmuste Torreya conch" and so on. Among them, "freights" are more common. Those with a long tooth groove on the surface are called "scallop teeth" or "scallop lips". The front of the seashells is relatively flat, and the side of the seashells is slightly bulging, In order to be easy to carry, people chiseled small holes on the back of the scallops. In the early days, the holes were relatively small, which was called "small hole type scallops". Later, the holes graally expanded, which was called "large hole type scallops". During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the back of "freights" was almost flat, which was called "freights with grinding back"
"tongfangbei" generally imitates the shape of commodity shells. In the early days, it was similar to the shape of natural shells. After the spring and Autumn period, the inscribed "tongfangbei" was cast in the southern Chu region, which is called wentongbei. Some of its shapes are like ants climbing their noses, while others look like grimaces. Therefore, it is commonly known as "yibiqian" or "grimaces Qian". There are more than 10 kinds of face inscriptions, but their shapes are relatively consistent, It was widely used in southern China. The "ant nose money" was cast in the early Warring States period (5th century BC), while the "ghost face money" was cast in the middle and late Warring States period (4th-3rd century BC). It was one of the most advanced forms of money at that time, except the Chu copper shell, During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, there were also metal shells in northern China, such as "golden shell", "silver shell" and "gilded copper shell". The appearance of "imitation copper shell" was a great thing in the history of currency development in China, which greatly pushed forward the development of currency in China, and was relatively unified with its size, weight and value, Moreover, it can cast a large number of shellfish in situ, and other advantages that can't be compared with "cargo shellfish" and "imitation shellfish" have entered the current market