Ethereum releases beacon chain

1.

Ethereum is a new and open blockchain platform, which allows anyone to build and use decentralized applications running through blockchain technology in the platform. Like bitcoin, Ethereum is neither controlled nor owned by anyone - it's an open source project created by many people around the world

Different from bitcoin protocol, Ethereum is very flexible and adaptable. It's very easy to create new applications on the Ethereum platform. Anyone can use the applications on the platform safely

Ethereum is a programmable blockchain. It does not give users a series of preset operations (such as bitcoin trading), but allows users to create complex operations according to their own wishes. In this way, it can be used as a platform for many types of decentralized blockchain applications, including but not limited to cryptocurrency

in a narrow sense, Ethereum refers to a series of protocols that define a decentralized application platform. The core of Ethereum is Ethereum virtual machine (EVM), which can encode any complex algorithm. In computer science terminology, Ethereum is "Turing complete.". Developers can use the existing JavaScript and python as the model of other friendly programming languages to create applications running on the Ethereum simulator

like other blockchains, Ethereum also has a peer-to-peer network protocol. Ethereum blockchain database is maintained and updated by many nodes connected to the network. Each network node runs the Ethereum simulator and executes the same instructions. Therefore, people sometimes call Ethereum "world computer"

this massive parallel operation throughout the Ethernet network is not to make the operation more efficient. In fact, this process makes computing on Ethereum slower and more expensive than on traditional computers. However, each Ethereum node runs Ethereum virtual machine in order to maintain the consistency of the whole blockchain. The consistency of decentralization makes Ethereum have high fault tolerance, zero downtime, and can keep the data stored on the blockchain unchanged and anti censorship

Ethereum platform has no characteristics and value. Like programming languages, it's up to entrepreneurs and developers to decide what to use. However, it is clear that some application types benefit more from the functions of Ethereum than others. Ethereum is especially suitable for those applications that automatically interact directly between points or promote group coordination activities across networks

for example, coordinate the application of point-to-point market, or the automation of complex financial contracts. Bitcoin enables indivials to exchange money without the help of financial institutions, banks or governments. The impact of Ethereum may be more profound

in theory, any complex financial activities or transactions can be automatically and reliably carried out on Ethereum with coding. In addition to financial applications, any application scenario with high requirements for trust, security and persistence, such as asset registration, voting, management and Internet of things, will be affected by Ethereum platform on a large scale

2. The digital currency

issued based on Ethereum public chain should be observed according to the price trend of the platform.

3. Many blockchain projects are developed on the basis of Ethereum's open source technology. Ethereum is a common public chain technology, and the deployment of applications on Ethereum has high requirements for developers. Developers need to consider many technical details and business processing logic, as well as security vulnerabilities such as smart contract overflow
the trust union credit alliance chain is located in the financial public chain, which is oriented to the high-frequency financial application scenarios in the field of credit and assets. It does not use eth, EOS, Neo and other general public chains, but uses the account structure of star network, adopts the lightweight intelligent contract layer, and the whole technical architecture is molarized according to "high aggregation and low coupling", This enables the trust union credit alliance chain to adapt to the requirements of rapid development, rapid implementation and timely response of Internet financial procts.

4.

Ethereum is the next generation of cryptography ledger. It intends to support many advanced functions, including user issuing currency, intelligent protocol, decentralized transaction and what we think is the first fully decentralized autonomous organization (Daos) or decentralized autonomous company (DACS) application

Ethereum does not specifically support every single type of function as a feature. On the contrary, Ethereum includes a built-in Turing complete scripting language, which allows you to write code for the feature you want to implement through a mechanism called "contract". A contract is like an automatic agent. Every time a transaction is received, the contract will run a specific code, which can modify the data storage inside the contract or send the transaction. Advanced contracts can even modify their own code

Ethereum was launched on November 1, 2015, and launched on August 22, 2016 on bitcoin trading platform, a well-known domestic trading platform; 30-¥ About 60, current: ￥ 1259.97, the rise is amazing

5. Ethereum, ETH for short. At the end of 2013, vitalik released the white paper of Ethereum, and in July 2014, the pre-sale of Ethereum began. At that time, insiders called this kind of token issue "crowdfunding". Through the 42 day pre-sale, the Ethereum team raised more than 30000 bitcoins through the pre-sale of 60102216 Ethernet coins; In addition, the early contributors who participated in the development before the pre-sale and the developers who have been engaged in project research for a long time are allocated according to 9.9% of the total amount of Ethernet coins sold at that time. So when Ethereum was officially released, there were more than 72 million Ethereum coins. After the end of Ethereum's pre-sale, it uses the proof of work mechanism POW for mining, and rewards the miners according to 26% of the total amount issued at that time every year. In October 2014, Ethereum reced the block output time from 60 seconds to 12 seconds, and now it is basically stable at 15 seconds, with 5 etheric coins awarded for each block
although the pow mining mechanism is adopted, the block out mechanism of Ethereum is different from that of bitcoin. Due to the short block time of Ethereum, Ethereum is easy to form isolated blocks. Isolated blocks refer to the blocks that are not on the longest chain. Bitcoin's isolated blocks have no block rewards, but in Ethereum, isolated blocks can be referenced. The referenced isolated blocks are called "Uncle blocks", and their packaged data will also be recorded in the blockchain. Unlike bitcoin, Ethereum's TERT block has a reward, and each TERT block can get a reward of 4.375 Ethernet coins at most
Ethereum is a programmable and Turing complete blockchain development platform, which is equivalent to a decentralized global computer. In a programming system, there are usually some virtual machines to compile and execute. Java has JVM. In Ethereum, there is also Ethereum's virtual machine EVM, which can execute any complex algorithm code. Developers can use existing programming languages such as JavaScript or Python to create their own applications on Ethereum. Through Ethereum's virtual machine, you can easily issue digital assets, write smart contracts, set up and run decentralized applications, and set up decentralized autonomous organizations
eth is also known as the internal fuel of Ethereum. Unlike currency digital assets, Ethereum is not only used for transfer, but also for payment of smart contracts
in order to prevent the Ethereum blockchain from being full of junk contracts and junk applications, and to establish and run smart contracts on Ethereum, you must use eth to pay for smart contracts. For example, when you transfer your newly created digital assets on the Ethereum blockchain, you need to use eth to pay the handling fee instead of your newly created digital assets.

6.

Blockchain 1.0 era usually refers to the development stage of blockchain application represented by bitcoin from 2009 to 2014. They are mainly committed to solving the problem of decentralization of currency and means of payment; After 2014, developers pay more and more attention to solve the technical and scalability problems of bitcoin. At the end of 2013, vitalik buterin released Ethereum white paper "Ethereum: next generation smart contract and decentralized application platform", which introced smart contract into blockchain and opened the application of blockchain outside the currency field, thus opening the era of blockchain 2.0< The so-called smart contract is actually a kind of computer contract that can be automatically executed based on prescribed trigger rules. It can also be regarded as a digital version of traditional contract. It was proposed by interdisciplinary legal scholar and cryptography researcher Nick Szabo more than 20 years ago. This technology was once not used in the actual instry because of the lack of programmable digital system and related technologies, until the emergence of blockchain technology and Ethereum provided a trusted execution environment for it

compared with bitcoin, Ethereum is a complete scripting language of Turing, which supports developers to create and publish arbitrary decentralized applications on the platform. Since its birth, there have been more than 200 decentralized applications based on Ethereum in the world

the chief researcher of bitwindow blockchain said: in the era of blockchain 2.0 represented by Ethereum, blockchain technology has graally expanded from the field of currency and payment to the field of finance. With the development of technology and the wider application of blockchain, the era of blockchain 3.0 beyond the monetary and financial fields will be around the corner. This article is excerpted from bitwindow. China's professional blockchain and digital currency instry analyzes the media, and adheres to a neutral, objective and dialectical attitude to understand and interpret the latest trends of blockchain and digital currency

7. This is not very clear, because the research team in the central bank's digital currency is generally the relevant personnel of the central bank departments and their think tanks. As early as 2014, domestic banking institutions began to study digital currency
at present, the central bank's research on digital currency is still at an early stage, and it only plans to launch digital currency, but it is still far away from issuing digital currency. When the central bank studies digital currency, it may study the existing mainstream digital currencies such as bitcoin, Ruitai, dogcoin, etc.

8. Ethereum is also a proct of blockchain 2.0, which is an open intelligent contract complete solution. Bitcoin is the most important application of blockchain 1.0, which completes currency and payment transactions well. But when we need to record and transfer more complex asset types, we need the third step - a more powerful scripting system - to finally achieve Turing completeness (the ability to run any currency, protocol or blockchain). Ethereum is a blockchain based project, which aims to provide a Turing complete scripting language and Turing complete platform

blockchain 1.0 mainly refers to bitcoin. Blockchain 2.0 extends to all assets, while blockchain 3.0 goes beyond currency, finance, even commerce, and all areas of our lives, including politics, social relations, ecation, medical care, etc. According to the prediction and conception of people in the instry, the era of blockchain 3.0 will be realized in the next five years. At that time, blockchain will be recognized and accepted by all the public like the Internet, thus completely subverting our lives

McKinsey has submitted a technical report on blockchain to the Federal Insurance Advisory Committee of the United States. The report calls 2009-2016 the "Dark Age" and believes that all blockchain solutions ring this period are based on bitcoin, and the new era of blockchain will begin in 2016. At that time, the application of blockchain will become unprecedented. Applying an original sentence in McKinsey report: Based on the current development speed of blockchain, we believe that blockchain solutions may realize their full potential in the next five years.

9. Xiaobian introces a usdt wallet with high security factor. The reason why the security factor is very high is that in the decentralized mode, the file or private key of usdt wallet can be stored off the network, for example, it can be backed up in the mobile phone, hard disk, U disk, network disk, or even written on paper with a pen

we often hear that users usually store most of their digital assets in cold wallets, mainly for the sake of security, while a small amount of digital assets are stored in hot wallets of exchanges to facilitate trading. Now most usdt wallets are centralized wallets, and users' digital currencies are stored in exchanges. In other words, they are very insecure, Because you don't know your usdt wallet file and private key, the exchange is attacked by hackers or closed by yourself, you can't do anything but watch your money at his disposal

you can master your usdt wallet file and private key, and your currency will never be lost. When you need to trade, you can import it into the decentralized wallet website or the official PC wallet, and then transfer it to the exchange for trading. This is the safest way to ensure that your currency will not be lost

Xiaobian recommends that you use the ethmm wallet, which is a decentralized wallet. Only when you master the usdt wallet file or private key can you enter the wallet for receiving and sending

ethmm wallet can log in from a variety of platforms, such as Android, iPhone and windows

official website of ethmm Wallet: https://www.ethmm.com/

any of the three unlocking modes of cold wallet is the safest and most reliable
[keystore file]: wallet file + password, which can be received or sent by importing the website supporting decentralized wallet or official PC wallet
[mnemonics]: mnemonics are random words that can be used to unlock your wallet directly. It is suggested to make more copies on paper
[private key]: a private key is a random unique string that can be directly unlocked for receiving or sending. You can write it on paper with a pen<

say important things three times:
remember to save more copies of your usdt wallet file and private key, such as the backup USB flash disk, mobile phone, computer, and the private key written on paper with a pen
remember to save more copies of your usdt wallet file and private key, for example, in the backup USB flash drive, mobile phone and computer, and write the private key on paper with a pen
remember to save more copies of your usdt wallet file and private key, for example, in the backup USB flash drive, mobile phone and computer, and write the private key on paper with a pen< br />


Xiaobian sincerely pushes you to use the cold wallet, so that your coin will always be your own. I repeat, as long as your wallet file and private key are not lost, your coin will never be lost

usdt wallet, usdt cold wallet, usdt official wallet, usdt online wallet, usdt wallet management, usdt wallet security, usdt wallet in charge, usdt wallet setting

eth1 fragmentation design assumes communication with data fragmentation through beacon chain. If the second phase (phase 2) with multiple execution slices is introced later, then this method will be meaningful. Since the current focus is mainly on the rollup centric roadmap, putting Ethereum 1.0 on a dedicated slice (that is, independent of beacon chain) brings unnecessary complexity to the consensus layer, and increases the delay between publishing data on the slice and accessing them in eth1

we propose to eliminate this complexity by embedding eth1 data (transaction, status root, etc.) into beacon blocks and forcing beacon chain proposer to generate executable eth1 data. This would make eth1 implementation and effectiveness a first-class citizen of consensus.