Ivan Tchaikovsky Ethereum
Publish: 2021-05-19 17:20:40
1. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893),anglicised as Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, was a Russian composer whose works included symphonies, concertos, operas, ballets, chamber music, and a choral setting of the Russian Orthodox Divine Liturgy. Some of these are among the most popular theatrical music in the classical repertoire. He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally, which he bolstered with appearances as a guest conctor later in his career in Europe and the United States. One of these appearances was at the inaugural concert of Carnegie Hall in New York City in 1891. Tchaikovsky was honored in 1884 by Emperor Alexander III, and awarded a lifetime pension in the late 1880s.
Although musically precocious, Tchaikovsky was ecated for a career as a civil servant. There was scant opportunity for a musical career in Russia at that time, and no system of public music ecation. When an opportunity for such an ecation arose, he entered the nascent Saint Petersburg Conservatory, from where he graated in 1865. The formal Western-oriented teaching he received there set him apart from composers of the contemporary nationalist movement embodied by the Russian composers of The Five, with whom his professional relationship was mixed. Tchaikovsky's training set him on a path to reconcile what he had learned with the native musical practices to which he had been exposed from childhood. From this reconciliation, he forged a personal but unmistakably Russian style—a task that did not prove easy. The principles that governed melody, harmony and other fundamentals of Russian music ran completely counter to those that governed Western European music; this seemed to defeat the potential for using Russian music in large-scale Western composition or from forming a composite style, and it caused personal antipathies that dented Tchaikovsky's self-confidence. Russian culture exhibited a split personality, with its native and adopted elements having drifted apart increasingly since the time of Peter the Great, and this resulted in uncertainty among the intelligentsia of the country's national identity.
Despite his many popular successes, Tchaikovsky's life was punctuated by personal crises and depression. Contributory factors included his leaving his mother for boarding school, his mother's early death and the collapse of the one enring relationship of his alt life, his 13-year association with the wealthy widow Nadezhda von Meck. His same-sex orientation, which he kept private, has traditionally also been considered a major factor, though a number of musicologists now play down its importance. His sudden death at the age of 53 is generally ascribed to cholera; there is an ongoing debate as to whether it was accidental or self-inflicted.
While his music has remained popular among audiences, critical opinions were initially mixed. Some Russians did not feel it sufficiently representative of native musical values and were suspicious that Europeans accepted it for its Western elements. In apparent reinforcement of the latter claim, some Europeans lauded Tchaikovsky for offering music more substantive than base exoticism, and thus transcending stereotypes of Russian classical music. Tchaikovsky's music was dismissed as "lacking in elevated thought," according to longtime New York Times music critic Harold C. Schonberg, and its formal workings were derided as deficient for not following Western principles stringently.
Life
Childhood
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born in Votkinsk, a small town in present-day Udmurtia, a former province of Vyatka in the Russian Empire. His family had a long line of military service. His father, Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky, was an engineer who served as a lieutenant colonel in the Department of Mines. He was mostly of Russian ethnicity, though his ancestors were Ukrainian Cossacks[1] and manager of the Kamsko-Votkinsk Ironworks. His grandfather, Petro Fedorovych Chaika, received medical training in Saint Petersburg and served as a physician's assistant in the army before becoming city governor of Glazov in Viatka. His great-grandfather, a Cossack named Fyodor Chaika, distinguished himself under Peter the Great at the Battle of Poltava in 1709.[2] His mother, Alexandra Andreyevna née d'Assier, the second of Ilya's three wives, was 18 years her husband's junior and of French ancestry on her father's side.[3] Both of Tchaikovsky's parents were trained in the arts, including music. This was considered a necessity as a posting to a remote area of Russia was always possible, bringing with it a need for entertainment, both private and at social gatherings.[4]
Tchaikovsky had four brothers (Nikolai, Ippolit, and twins Anatoly and Modest), a sister, Alexandra and a half-sister Zinaida from his father's first marriage.[5] He was particularly close to Alexandra and the twins. Anatoly later had a prominent legal career, while Modest became a dramatist, librettist, and translator.[6] Alexandra married Lev Davydov[7] and had seven children, one of whom, Vladimir Davydov, became very close to the composer, who nicknamed him 'Bob'.[8] The Davydovs provided the only real family life Tchaikovsky knew as an alt,[9] and their estate in Kamenka (now Kamianka, Cherkasy Oblast, part of Ukraine) became a welcome refuge for him ring his years of wandering.[9]
In 1843 the family hired Fanny Dürbach, a 22-year-old French governess, to look after the children and teach Tchaikovsky's elder brother Nikolai and a niece of the family.[10] While Tchaikovsky, at four and a half, was initially considered too young to begin studies, his insistence convinced Dürbach otherwise.[11] Dürbach proved an excellent teacher, teaching Pyotr Tchaikovsky to be fluent in French and German by the age of six.[4] Tchaikovsky became attached to the young woman and her affection for him is said to have provided a counter to Tchaikovsky's mother, who has been described as a cold, unhappy, distant parent,[12] although others assert that the mother doted on her son.[13] Dürbach saved much of Tchaikovsky's work from this period, which includes his earliest known compositions. She was also the source of several anecdotes about his childhood.[14]
Tchaikovsky took piano lessons from the age of five. A precocious pupil, he could read music as adeptly as his teacher within three years. His parents were initially supportive, hiring a tutor, buying an orchestrion (a form of barrel organ that could imitate elaborate orchestral effects), and encouraging his study of the piano for both aesthetic and practical reasons. Nevertheless, the family decided in 1850 to send Tchaikovsky to the Imperial School of Jurisprudence in Saint Petersburg. This decision may have been rooted in practicality. It is not certain whether Tchaikovsky's parents had grown insensitive toward his musical gift.[4] However, regardless of talent, the only avenues for a musical career in Russia at that time – except for the affluent aristocracy – were as a teacher in an academy or an instrumentalist in one of the Imperial Theaters. Both were considered on the lowest rung of the social ladder, with no more rights than peasants.[15] Also, because of the growing uncertainty of his father's income, both parents may have wanted Tchaikovsky to become independent as soon as possible.[16]
Since both parents had graated from institutes in Saint Petersburg, they decided to ecate him as they had themselves been ecated.[17] The School of Jurisprudence mainly served the lesser nobility and would prepare Tchaikovsky for a career as a civil servant. As the minimum age for acceptance was 12 and Tchaikovsky was only 10 at the time, he was required to spend two years boarding at the Imperial School of Jurisprudence's preparatory school, 800 miles (1,300 km) from his family.[18] Once those two years had passed, Tchaikovsky transferred to the Imperial School of Jurisprudence to begin a seven-year course of studies.[19]
Emerging composer
Childhood trauma and school years
Tchaikovsky's separation from his mother to attend boarding school caused an emotional trauma that tormented him throughout his life.[20] Her death from cholera in 1854 further devastated him, affecting him so much that he could not inform Fanny Dürbach until two years later.[21] He mourned his mother's loss for the rest of his life[22] and called it "the crucial event" that ultimately shaped it.[23] More than 25 years after his loss, Tchaikovsky wrote to his patroness, Nadezhda von Meck, "Every moment of that appalling day is as vivid to me as though it were yesterday."[22] The loss also prompted Tchaikovsky to make his first serious attempt at composition, a waltz in her memory.
Tchaikovsky's father, who also contracted cholera at this time but fully recovered, immediately sent him back to school, hoping that classwork would occupy the boy's mind.[24] In partial compensation for his isolation and loss, Tchaikovsky made lifelong friendships with fellow students, including Aleksey Apukhtin and Vladimir Gerard.[25] Music became a unifier. While it was not an official priority at the School of Jurisprudence, Tchaikovsky maintained an extracurricular connection by regularly attending the opera with other students.[26] Fond of works by Rossini, Bellini, Verdi and Mozart, he would improvise for his friends at the school's harmonium on themes they had sung ring choir practice. "We were amused," Vladimir Gerard later remembered, "but not imbued with any expectations of his future glory."[27] Tchaikovsky also continued his piano studies through Franz Becker, an instrument manufacturer who made occasional visits to the school; however, the results, according to musicologist David Brown, were "negligible."[28]
In 1855, Tchaikovsky's father funded private lessons for his son with the teacher Rudolph Kündinger. He also questioned Kündinger about a musical career for the boy. Kündinger repl
Although musically precocious, Tchaikovsky was ecated for a career as a civil servant. There was scant opportunity for a musical career in Russia at that time, and no system of public music ecation. When an opportunity for such an ecation arose, he entered the nascent Saint Petersburg Conservatory, from where he graated in 1865. The formal Western-oriented teaching he received there set him apart from composers of the contemporary nationalist movement embodied by the Russian composers of The Five, with whom his professional relationship was mixed. Tchaikovsky's training set him on a path to reconcile what he had learned with the native musical practices to which he had been exposed from childhood. From this reconciliation, he forged a personal but unmistakably Russian style—a task that did not prove easy. The principles that governed melody, harmony and other fundamentals of Russian music ran completely counter to those that governed Western European music; this seemed to defeat the potential for using Russian music in large-scale Western composition or from forming a composite style, and it caused personal antipathies that dented Tchaikovsky's self-confidence. Russian culture exhibited a split personality, with its native and adopted elements having drifted apart increasingly since the time of Peter the Great, and this resulted in uncertainty among the intelligentsia of the country's national identity.
Despite his many popular successes, Tchaikovsky's life was punctuated by personal crises and depression. Contributory factors included his leaving his mother for boarding school, his mother's early death and the collapse of the one enring relationship of his alt life, his 13-year association with the wealthy widow Nadezhda von Meck. His same-sex orientation, which he kept private, has traditionally also been considered a major factor, though a number of musicologists now play down its importance. His sudden death at the age of 53 is generally ascribed to cholera; there is an ongoing debate as to whether it was accidental or self-inflicted.
While his music has remained popular among audiences, critical opinions were initially mixed. Some Russians did not feel it sufficiently representative of native musical values and were suspicious that Europeans accepted it for its Western elements. In apparent reinforcement of the latter claim, some Europeans lauded Tchaikovsky for offering music more substantive than base exoticism, and thus transcending stereotypes of Russian classical music. Tchaikovsky's music was dismissed as "lacking in elevated thought," according to longtime New York Times music critic Harold C. Schonberg, and its formal workings were derided as deficient for not following Western principles stringently.
Life
Childhood
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born in Votkinsk, a small town in present-day Udmurtia, a former province of Vyatka in the Russian Empire. His family had a long line of military service. His father, Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky, was an engineer who served as a lieutenant colonel in the Department of Mines. He was mostly of Russian ethnicity, though his ancestors were Ukrainian Cossacks[1] and manager of the Kamsko-Votkinsk Ironworks. His grandfather, Petro Fedorovych Chaika, received medical training in Saint Petersburg and served as a physician's assistant in the army before becoming city governor of Glazov in Viatka. His great-grandfather, a Cossack named Fyodor Chaika, distinguished himself under Peter the Great at the Battle of Poltava in 1709.[2] His mother, Alexandra Andreyevna née d'Assier, the second of Ilya's three wives, was 18 years her husband's junior and of French ancestry on her father's side.[3] Both of Tchaikovsky's parents were trained in the arts, including music. This was considered a necessity as a posting to a remote area of Russia was always possible, bringing with it a need for entertainment, both private and at social gatherings.[4]
Tchaikovsky had four brothers (Nikolai, Ippolit, and twins Anatoly and Modest), a sister, Alexandra and a half-sister Zinaida from his father's first marriage.[5] He was particularly close to Alexandra and the twins. Anatoly later had a prominent legal career, while Modest became a dramatist, librettist, and translator.[6] Alexandra married Lev Davydov[7] and had seven children, one of whom, Vladimir Davydov, became very close to the composer, who nicknamed him 'Bob'.[8] The Davydovs provided the only real family life Tchaikovsky knew as an alt,[9] and their estate in Kamenka (now Kamianka, Cherkasy Oblast, part of Ukraine) became a welcome refuge for him ring his years of wandering.[9]
In 1843 the family hired Fanny Dürbach, a 22-year-old French governess, to look after the children and teach Tchaikovsky's elder brother Nikolai and a niece of the family.[10] While Tchaikovsky, at four and a half, was initially considered too young to begin studies, his insistence convinced Dürbach otherwise.[11] Dürbach proved an excellent teacher, teaching Pyotr Tchaikovsky to be fluent in French and German by the age of six.[4] Tchaikovsky became attached to the young woman and her affection for him is said to have provided a counter to Tchaikovsky's mother, who has been described as a cold, unhappy, distant parent,[12] although others assert that the mother doted on her son.[13] Dürbach saved much of Tchaikovsky's work from this period, which includes his earliest known compositions. She was also the source of several anecdotes about his childhood.[14]
Tchaikovsky took piano lessons from the age of five. A precocious pupil, he could read music as adeptly as his teacher within three years. His parents were initially supportive, hiring a tutor, buying an orchestrion (a form of barrel organ that could imitate elaborate orchestral effects), and encouraging his study of the piano for both aesthetic and practical reasons. Nevertheless, the family decided in 1850 to send Tchaikovsky to the Imperial School of Jurisprudence in Saint Petersburg. This decision may have been rooted in practicality. It is not certain whether Tchaikovsky's parents had grown insensitive toward his musical gift.[4] However, regardless of talent, the only avenues for a musical career in Russia at that time – except for the affluent aristocracy – were as a teacher in an academy or an instrumentalist in one of the Imperial Theaters. Both were considered on the lowest rung of the social ladder, with no more rights than peasants.[15] Also, because of the growing uncertainty of his father's income, both parents may have wanted Tchaikovsky to become independent as soon as possible.[16]
Since both parents had graated from institutes in Saint Petersburg, they decided to ecate him as they had themselves been ecated.[17] The School of Jurisprudence mainly served the lesser nobility and would prepare Tchaikovsky for a career as a civil servant. As the minimum age for acceptance was 12 and Tchaikovsky was only 10 at the time, he was required to spend two years boarding at the Imperial School of Jurisprudence's preparatory school, 800 miles (1,300 km) from his family.[18] Once those two years had passed, Tchaikovsky transferred to the Imperial School of Jurisprudence to begin a seven-year course of studies.[19]
Emerging composer
Childhood trauma and school years
Tchaikovsky's separation from his mother to attend boarding school caused an emotional trauma that tormented him throughout his life.[20] Her death from cholera in 1854 further devastated him, affecting him so much that he could not inform Fanny Dürbach until two years later.[21] He mourned his mother's loss for the rest of his life[22] and called it "the crucial event" that ultimately shaped it.[23] More than 25 years after his loss, Tchaikovsky wrote to his patroness, Nadezhda von Meck, "Every moment of that appalling day is as vivid to me as though it were yesterday."[22] The loss also prompted Tchaikovsky to make his first serious attempt at composition, a waltz in her memory.
Tchaikovsky's father, who also contracted cholera at this time but fully recovered, immediately sent him back to school, hoping that classwork would occupy the boy's mind.[24] In partial compensation for his isolation and loss, Tchaikovsky made lifelong friendships with fellow students, including Aleksey Apukhtin and Vladimir Gerard.[25] Music became a unifier. While it was not an official priority at the School of Jurisprudence, Tchaikovsky maintained an extracurricular connection by regularly attending the opera with other students.[26] Fond of works by Rossini, Bellini, Verdi and Mozart, he would improvise for his friends at the school's harmonium on themes they had sung ring choir practice. "We were amused," Vladimir Gerard later remembered, "but not imbued with any expectations of his future glory."[27] Tchaikovsky also continued his piano studies through Franz Becker, an instrument manufacturer who made occasional visits to the school; however, the results, according to musicologist David Brown, were "negligible."[28]
In 1855, Tchaikovsky's father funded private lessons for his son with the teacher Rudolph Kündinger. He also questioned Kündinger about a musical career for the boy. Kündinger repl
2. Symphony
Symphony No.1 in G minor (1866)
Symphony No.2 in C minor (1872)
Symphony No.3 in D major (1875)
Symphony No.4 in F minor (1878)
Symphony No.5 in E minor (1888)
Symphony No.6 in B minor (1893) - this symphony is also called Pathetique, Music has melancholy lyricism, can be said to be the composer's most famous symphony, completed two months before his death, and fully embodies Tchaikovsky's aesthetics<
Manfred Symphony
Symphony No. 7 in E flat major (this so-called Symphony No. 7 is generally called symphony in E flat major, which is one of Tchaikovsky's unfinished works. During his trip to the United States in April 1891, Tchaikovsky began to conceive a symphony called "zn" and wrote down some themes. Later, he turned to other works, and the symphony has not been finished, maybe he has given up this work. But some themes of "life" are used to create his symphony in E flat major, sometimes called the Seventh Symphony.)<
ballet
Swan Lake (1876)
Sleeping Beauty (1889)
Nutcracker (1892)
opera
Eugene Onegin (1879)
queen of Spades (1891)
orchestral works
Romeo and Juliet Fantasia Overture (1869)
Piano Concerto No.1 in B flat minor Violin Concerto in D major (1878)
prelude to 1812 (1880)
Serenade for strings (1880)
Capriccio Italica (1880)
prelude to Hamlet's Fantasia (1888)
Concerto for the third steely organ
Symphony No.1 in G minor (1866)
Symphony No.2 in C minor (1872)
Symphony No.3 in D major (1875)
Symphony No.4 in F minor (1878)
Symphony No.5 in E minor (1888)
Symphony No.6 in B minor (1893) - this symphony is also called Pathetique, Music has melancholy lyricism, can be said to be the composer's most famous symphony, completed two months before his death, and fully embodies Tchaikovsky's aesthetics<
Manfred Symphony
Symphony No. 7 in E flat major (this so-called Symphony No. 7 is generally called symphony in E flat major, which is one of Tchaikovsky's unfinished works. During his trip to the United States in April 1891, Tchaikovsky began to conceive a symphony called "zn" and wrote down some themes. Later, he turned to other works, and the symphony has not been finished, maybe he has given up this work. But some themes of "life" are used to create his symphony in E flat major, sometimes called the Seventh Symphony.)<
ballet
Swan Lake (1876)
Sleeping Beauty (1889)
Nutcracker (1892)
opera
Eugene Onegin (1879)
queen of Spades (1891)
orchestral works
Romeo and Juliet Fantasia Overture (1869)
Piano Concerto No.1 in B flat minor Violin Concerto in D major (1878)
prelude to 1812 (1880)
Serenade for strings (1880)
Capriccio Italica (1880)
prelude to Hamlet's Fantasia (1888)
Concerto for the third steely organ
3. Symphony
"Symphony No. 1 in G minor" (1866) - Symphony No. 1 was inspired by the Russian winter scene, so it is also called "winter dream". Although Tchaikovsky admits that there are some flaws, it undoubtedly contains the dreams and feelings of a beautiful youth
because of this, his works are mixed with his psychological and emotional elements
Symphony No.2 in C minor (1872)
Symphony No.3 in D major (1875)
Symphony No.4 in F minor (1878)
Symphony No.5 in E minor (1888)
Symphony No.6 in B minor (1893) - this symphony is also known as Pathetique Symphony
with melancholy lyricism, It can be said that it is the composer's most famous symphony, completed two months before his death, and fully embodies Tchaikovsky's aesthetic view<
Manfred Symphony (1885)
Symphony
Symphony No. 1 in G minor (1866)
Symphony No. 2 in C minor (1872)
Symphony No. 3 in D major (1875)
Symphony No. 4 in F minor (1878)
Symphony No. 5 in E minor (1888)
Manfred Symphony
Symphony No. 3 in E flat major This so-called Seventh Symphony is generally called symphony in E flat major, which is one of Tchaikovsky's unfinished works. During his trip to the United States in April 1891, Tchaikovsky began to conceive a symphony called "zn" and wrote down some themes. Later, he turned to other works, and the symphony has not been finished, maybe he has given up this work. But some themes of "life" are used to create his symphony in E flat major, sometimes called the Seventh Symphony.)<
ballet
Swan Lake (1876)
Sleeping Beauty (1889)
Nutcracker (1892)
opera
Eugene Onegin (1879)
queen of Spades (1891)
orchestral works
Romeo and Juliet Fantasia Overture (1869)
Piano Concerto No.1 in B flat minor (1874)
< br Violin Concerto in D major (1878)
1812 Overture (1880)
String Serenade (1880)
Italian Capriccio (1880)
Hamlet Fantasia Overture (1888)
Piano Concerto No.3 (1880)
other music
Piano
Four Seasons
(1876)
"Symphony No. 1 in G minor" (1866) - Symphony No. 1 was inspired by the Russian winter scene, so it is also called "winter dream". Although Tchaikovsky admits that there are some flaws, it undoubtedly contains the dreams and feelings of a beautiful youth
because of this, his works are mixed with his psychological and emotional elements
Symphony No.2 in C minor (1872)
Symphony No.3 in D major (1875)
Symphony No.4 in F minor (1878)
Symphony No.5 in E minor (1888)
Symphony No.6 in B minor (1893) - this symphony is also known as Pathetique Symphony
with melancholy lyricism, It can be said that it is the composer's most famous symphony, completed two months before his death, and fully embodies Tchaikovsky's aesthetic view<
Manfred Symphony (1885)
Symphony
Symphony No. 1 in G minor (1866)
Symphony No. 2 in C minor (1872)
Symphony No. 3 in D major (1875)
Symphony No. 4 in F minor (1878)
Symphony No. 5 in E minor (1888)
Manfred Symphony
Symphony No. 3 in E flat major This so-called Seventh Symphony is generally called symphony in E flat major, which is one of Tchaikovsky's unfinished works. During his trip to the United States in April 1891, Tchaikovsky began to conceive a symphony called "zn" and wrote down some themes. Later, he turned to other works, and the symphony has not been finished, maybe he has given up this work. But some themes of "life" are used to create his symphony in E flat major, sometimes called the Seventh Symphony.)<
ballet
Swan Lake (1876)
Sleeping Beauty (1889)
Nutcracker (1892)
opera
Eugene Onegin (1879)
queen of Spades (1891)
orchestral works
Romeo and Juliet Fantasia Overture (1869)
Piano Concerto No.1 in B flat minor (1874)
< br Violin Concerto in D major (1878)
1812 Overture (1880)
String Serenade (1880)
Italian Capriccio (1880)
Hamlet Fantasia Overture (1888)
Piano Concerto No.3 (1880)
other music
Piano
Four Seasons
(1876)
4. 1、 Background of 1812 Overture
the full name of 1812 Overture written by Tchaikovsky in 1880 is for the inauguration of Moscow's savior's Cathedral, the solemn overture of 1812 for the orchestra. Long enough! If you can recite every word when you go to the record store to buy a disc, I really admire you
this song was written by Tchaikovsky at the request of his teacher Nicolas Rubinstein to celebrate the reconstruction of Moscow's Savior Cathedral, which was burned down in the war between France and Russia in 1812 (on the other hand, it was written for the Moscow Art Instry Expo)
the prelude of 1812 should be classified as the most superficial and easy to understand in all Lao Chai's works. In the eyes of music critics, "1812" prelude is not Tchaikovsky's best work. Even Tchaikovsky himself said in a letter to Mrs. Mack (Tchaikovsky's main sponsor), "this Prelude will be very noisy and noisy. I didn't create it with much enthusiasm. Therefore, it may not have any artistic value." Ironically, "1812" Prelude in the premiere has been very popular, for Tchaikovsky won a high reputation. Later, he performed in many cities in Russia, Germany, Czech Republic and Belgium. Since then, he has become one of the most vivid, easy to understand and popular works in Tchaikovsky's symphonies, which I am afraid is beyond Tchaikovsky's expectation< In 1812, Napoleon led 600000 troops to invade Russia in an attempt to annihilate Russian troops, occupy Moscow and force Russia to surrender. At the beginning of the war, when Napoleon's army was in the dominant position, the Russian army had to withdraw graally. France approached Moscow. Kutuzov, the commander of the Russian army, adopted the strategy of strengthening the wall and clearing the field, burning down the food and grass, retreated the residents, and led the army to withdraw from Moscow temporarily. After a month's occupation of Moscow, Napoleon was still unable to force Russia to surrender. On the contrary, he made his own isolated army besieged, so he ordered to withdraw from Moscow. On the way of retreat, Napoleon's army could not adapt to the harsh Russian winter, coupled with hunger and the Russian army's counterattack, and finally collapsed. When Napoleon invaded Russia, most of the 600000 troops were annihilated, and only less than 10000 people escaped from Russia
the overture of 1812 is an orchestral work based on the above historical facts. In this prelude, Tchaikovsky narrates the event of 1812 in a clear and hierarchical way, including the original peaceful life of the Russian people and the subsequent unrest and riots, the battle between the Russian and French armies, the final defeat of the French army by Russia, the carnival scene of the Russian people celebrating the victory, etc
3. Why is 1812 Prelude used as test equipment by audiophiles?
I have mentioned above that this prelude is not one of Tchaikovsky's best works, but why is it widely used as test equipment by audiophiles? The reason is very simple. In addition to the use of normal orchestral instruments (including three timpani, triangle iron, tambourine, drum, cymbal, etc.), the overture also uses military drums, cannons, bells and other extraordinary instruments. At the end of the overture, a military band is added to achieve lively and lively results
when the overture was first performed, the bells, drums and cannons roared in unison, which matched with the performance of the orchestra. The public attending the ceremony was greatly excited. After the modern al channel era, recording technology has made a great leap forward. Several companies have added real gun sound to their records, which has even fascinated audio enthusiasts. They often use the version of real gun recording to test the strength, transient, low frequency and other capabilities of the equipment
if you are not a big gun party, please listen to the whole song carefully and notice! The volume of this overture fluctuates greatly. It uses a lot of musical instruments. Listen to the string, woodwind, brass and percussion instruments clearly. It can test the sound quality, timbre, image positioning, strength and dynamic contrast of your equipment...
if you can't distinguish the sounds of different musical instruments, you can buy a "Peter and the wolf" music disc first. For any beginners of classical music and parents with children, I recommend that you buy a picture of "Peter and the wolf". In the story of this song, each role is played by one of the instruments of the orchestra, which is very helpful for you to distinguish the sound. The children must be very happy to listen to it (you have to listen with him!)< 4. Analysis of 1812 Overture
the version I selected for analysis is that of mercury anti Dorati directing Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra, which is my favorite version. Of course, I also like the version of RCA Eugene Ormandy directing the Philadelphia Orchestra. Why didn't I choose the Telarc version recently bought by many netizens? Very simply, I don't think this version is ideal. In the analysis part, I write according to Yang minwang's world famous music appreciation (published by Shanghai Music Publishing House). This is an authoritative version. Many domestic and Taiwan comments are written (stolen) on the basis of this (except for Hong Kong, our record commentators have very rich imagination, they will create and talk nonsense, they have enough ignorance and untruth, so they are very creative, Let Hong Kong people have enough material to be teased). If you are used to reading books as thick as dictionaries, you can buy them (two dictionaries). If you are afraid of big books, Yang minwang has an introction to Symphony Appreciation (published by Shanghai Translation Publishing House), which is an abridged version of the previous book
this article is mainly aimed at the beginners of classical music, so I try not to use audio terms as much as possible. If I can't use them, please forgive me. These terms are not difficult to understand. I hope those who don't understand classical music can check the books, or use their imagination. If they don't write professionally and accurately, please forgive me Alas! Free lunch, don't scold me for not writing well!)
the music starts with a broad slow introction: the melody of an ancient hymn "Lord, save your people" (translated as "God save the people" in Taiwan) is played by dividing the Viola and Cello into six parts (two people in each part). Its peaceful pace symbolizes the peaceful and peaceful life of the Russian people. Around (1:18), woodwind instruments are added to the theme, with solemn, grand and powerful sound
the tense atmosphere is growing. With a timpani around (1:53), you will hear a rhythm of panic in the low voice, which brings turmoil and excitement, symbolizing that the French invasion has broken the peaceful life of the Russian people. At this time, you can hear a soft and moving theme in the voice parts of oboe, flute, Clarinet and bassoon (2:46) 2: 53) and (3:01), you will hear the sound of drums and cymbals, the speed of music begins to speed up, the sound also continues to enhance, and the music enters a small climax
around (3:12), the original uneasiness is replaced by an interlude describing the recruitment of Russian troops. You will hear the rapid sound of military drums (3:26). Against the background of small military drums, woodwind instruments and French trumpets play a calling ensemble theme, which is repeated several times, followed by a short pause (4:25), The music turns to Allegro (4:28)
there is a sharp contrast between the music at this time and the previous one. At this time, the speed of the music is extremely fast, and it begins to describe the scene of the decisive battle between the two armies. From the stress and syncopation of this theme, it seems that the sound of sword and horse hoof can be heard. When the theme graally spread throughout the band and reached its climax, you will hear the beating of drums around (5:02). At around (5:08), the French horn and the cornet played Marseilles one after another, which was repeatedly presented as a symbol of the French army's invasion of Russia
after the two melodies collided with each other, they graally eased down (6:04), followed by two Russian style themes different from the theme of Marseilles 6: 20) a fluent and vast Russian folk song appeared, telling the Russian people's love for their motherland and their determination to fight the enemy head-on without fear of violence. Pay attention to the sound of the band playing triangle iron at this time. You should hear enough overtones. If you can only hear the ll tone, either your recording is poor or your equipment is poor
another theme appearing in (7:35) is the Russian wedding song "by the gate", which is first played by flute and clarinet. It has a kind of warm characteristic. You will hear the sound of tambourine around (7:53), which should be clarified. This song fully shows that the Russian people do not lose their vigor and confidence in affirming their own strength even in times of crisis. Like the Russian melody above, it eases the tense fighting mood
the following paragraph (8:36) is the description of the battlefield. The music shows a new round of fighting. Brass instruments and string instruments are interwoven. Percussion instruments symbolize the fight of swords and swords. At the beginning of (9:08), you will hear the sound of beating drums and cymbals for many times, while Marseilles will graally weaken and disappear in the later stage. Its fragments only speed up, intermittently, Later, it turned to the bass area (bassoon, trombone and tuba) against the gloomy notes of bass string instruments
(10:06) we are familiar with two Russian style themes. Pay attention to the sound of triangle iron. This passage once again emphasizes the victory of the Russian people over the invading enemy 10: 52) you will hear the familiar Russian folk songs again. Immediately after the theme of Marseillaise (11:13), the speed of the music is accelerated and strengthened. At (11:47), there is the first shot, and five shots in a row. The music turns into a stormy downward phrase, and stops at (12:36). It depicts the final fight and the enemy's collapse, with vivid images
(12:37) at the end of the song, the theme of the hymn begins. At this time, the added orchestra plays solemnly and grandly in a thunderous manner, and you will hear the added bell. Because of its unique and novel color, it becomes more powerful and becomes a glorious victory hymn, symbolizing the glorious ending of the struggle. But the powerful statement of this hymn is often interrupted by some rapid phrases of the Battle Theme (13:40). The reappearance of these scale phrases reminds people of the past struggle with the enemy
at last, a solemn and powerful theme came out, which is the theme of the final chorus "Ode to glory" of grinka's Opera Ivan susanin (about 13:52). With the sound of 11 guns and church bells, it is the final victory announcement of the Russian people, and the whole music ends with this triumphant ode< 5. Introction to ten versions of 1812 Overture< (1) mercury 434 36o-2
anti Dorati's 1812 Overture directed by Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra (now renamed Minnesota Orchestra) is my first choice. This record has been on the TAS list for many years, and has been given the highest rating by Penguin CD Guide (97 / 98 Yearbook),
the full name of 1812 Overture written by Tchaikovsky in 1880 is for the inauguration of Moscow's savior's Cathedral, the solemn overture of 1812 for the orchestra. Long enough! If you can recite every word when you go to the record store to buy a disc, I really admire you
this song was written by Tchaikovsky at the request of his teacher Nicolas Rubinstein to celebrate the reconstruction of Moscow's Savior Cathedral, which was burned down in the war between France and Russia in 1812 (on the other hand, it was written for the Moscow Art Instry Expo)
the prelude of 1812 should be classified as the most superficial and easy to understand in all Lao Chai's works. In the eyes of music critics, "1812" prelude is not Tchaikovsky's best work. Even Tchaikovsky himself said in a letter to Mrs. Mack (Tchaikovsky's main sponsor), "this Prelude will be very noisy and noisy. I didn't create it with much enthusiasm. Therefore, it may not have any artistic value." Ironically, "1812" Prelude in the premiere has been very popular, for Tchaikovsky won a high reputation. Later, he performed in many cities in Russia, Germany, Czech Republic and Belgium. Since then, he has become one of the most vivid, easy to understand and popular works in Tchaikovsky's symphonies, which I am afraid is beyond Tchaikovsky's expectation< In 1812, Napoleon led 600000 troops to invade Russia in an attempt to annihilate Russian troops, occupy Moscow and force Russia to surrender. At the beginning of the war, when Napoleon's army was in the dominant position, the Russian army had to withdraw graally. France approached Moscow. Kutuzov, the commander of the Russian army, adopted the strategy of strengthening the wall and clearing the field, burning down the food and grass, retreated the residents, and led the army to withdraw from Moscow temporarily. After a month's occupation of Moscow, Napoleon was still unable to force Russia to surrender. On the contrary, he made his own isolated army besieged, so he ordered to withdraw from Moscow. On the way of retreat, Napoleon's army could not adapt to the harsh Russian winter, coupled with hunger and the Russian army's counterattack, and finally collapsed. When Napoleon invaded Russia, most of the 600000 troops were annihilated, and only less than 10000 people escaped from Russia
the overture of 1812 is an orchestral work based on the above historical facts. In this prelude, Tchaikovsky narrates the event of 1812 in a clear and hierarchical way, including the original peaceful life of the Russian people and the subsequent unrest and riots, the battle between the Russian and French armies, the final defeat of the French army by Russia, the carnival scene of the Russian people celebrating the victory, etc
3. Why is 1812 Prelude used as test equipment by audiophiles?
I have mentioned above that this prelude is not one of Tchaikovsky's best works, but why is it widely used as test equipment by audiophiles? The reason is very simple. In addition to the use of normal orchestral instruments (including three timpani, triangle iron, tambourine, drum, cymbal, etc.), the overture also uses military drums, cannons, bells and other extraordinary instruments. At the end of the overture, a military band is added to achieve lively and lively results
when the overture was first performed, the bells, drums and cannons roared in unison, which matched with the performance of the orchestra. The public attending the ceremony was greatly excited. After the modern al channel era, recording technology has made a great leap forward. Several companies have added real gun sound to their records, which has even fascinated audio enthusiasts. They often use the version of real gun recording to test the strength, transient, low frequency and other capabilities of the equipment
if you are not a big gun party, please listen to the whole song carefully and notice! The volume of this overture fluctuates greatly. It uses a lot of musical instruments. Listen to the string, woodwind, brass and percussion instruments clearly. It can test the sound quality, timbre, image positioning, strength and dynamic contrast of your equipment...
if you can't distinguish the sounds of different musical instruments, you can buy a "Peter and the wolf" music disc first. For any beginners of classical music and parents with children, I recommend that you buy a picture of "Peter and the wolf". In the story of this song, each role is played by one of the instruments of the orchestra, which is very helpful for you to distinguish the sound. The children must be very happy to listen to it (you have to listen with him!)< 4. Analysis of 1812 Overture
the version I selected for analysis is that of mercury anti Dorati directing Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra, which is my favorite version. Of course, I also like the version of RCA Eugene Ormandy directing the Philadelphia Orchestra. Why didn't I choose the Telarc version recently bought by many netizens? Very simply, I don't think this version is ideal. In the analysis part, I write according to Yang minwang's world famous music appreciation (published by Shanghai Music Publishing House). This is an authoritative version. Many domestic and Taiwan comments are written (stolen) on the basis of this (except for Hong Kong, our record commentators have very rich imagination, they will create and talk nonsense, they have enough ignorance and untruth, so they are very creative, Let Hong Kong people have enough material to be teased). If you are used to reading books as thick as dictionaries, you can buy them (two dictionaries). If you are afraid of big books, Yang minwang has an introction to Symphony Appreciation (published by Shanghai Translation Publishing House), which is an abridged version of the previous book
this article is mainly aimed at the beginners of classical music, so I try not to use audio terms as much as possible. If I can't use them, please forgive me. These terms are not difficult to understand. I hope those who don't understand classical music can check the books, or use their imagination. If they don't write professionally and accurately, please forgive me Alas! Free lunch, don't scold me for not writing well!)
the music starts with a broad slow introction: the melody of an ancient hymn "Lord, save your people" (translated as "God save the people" in Taiwan) is played by dividing the Viola and Cello into six parts (two people in each part). Its peaceful pace symbolizes the peaceful and peaceful life of the Russian people. Around (1:18), woodwind instruments are added to the theme, with solemn, grand and powerful sound
the tense atmosphere is growing. With a timpani around (1:53), you will hear a rhythm of panic in the low voice, which brings turmoil and excitement, symbolizing that the French invasion has broken the peaceful life of the Russian people. At this time, you can hear a soft and moving theme in the voice parts of oboe, flute, Clarinet and bassoon (2:46) 2: 53) and (3:01), you will hear the sound of drums and cymbals, the speed of music begins to speed up, the sound also continues to enhance, and the music enters a small climax
around (3:12), the original uneasiness is replaced by an interlude describing the recruitment of Russian troops. You will hear the rapid sound of military drums (3:26). Against the background of small military drums, woodwind instruments and French trumpets play a calling ensemble theme, which is repeated several times, followed by a short pause (4:25), The music turns to Allegro (4:28)
there is a sharp contrast between the music at this time and the previous one. At this time, the speed of the music is extremely fast, and it begins to describe the scene of the decisive battle between the two armies. From the stress and syncopation of this theme, it seems that the sound of sword and horse hoof can be heard. When the theme graally spread throughout the band and reached its climax, you will hear the beating of drums around (5:02). At around (5:08), the French horn and the cornet played Marseilles one after another, which was repeatedly presented as a symbol of the French army's invasion of Russia
after the two melodies collided with each other, they graally eased down (6:04), followed by two Russian style themes different from the theme of Marseilles 6: 20) a fluent and vast Russian folk song appeared, telling the Russian people's love for their motherland and their determination to fight the enemy head-on without fear of violence. Pay attention to the sound of the band playing triangle iron at this time. You should hear enough overtones. If you can only hear the ll tone, either your recording is poor or your equipment is poor
another theme appearing in (7:35) is the Russian wedding song "by the gate", which is first played by flute and clarinet. It has a kind of warm characteristic. You will hear the sound of tambourine around (7:53), which should be clarified. This song fully shows that the Russian people do not lose their vigor and confidence in affirming their own strength even in times of crisis. Like the Russian melody above, it eases the tense fighting mood
the following paragraph (8:36) is the description of the battlefield. The music shows a new round of fighting. Brass instruments and string instruments are interwoven. Percussion instruments symbolize the fight of swords and swords. At the beginning of (9:08), you will hear the sound of beating drums and cymbals for many times, while Marseilles will graally weaken and disappear in the later stage. Its fragments only speed up, intermittently, Later, it turned to the bass area (bassoon, trombone and tuba) against the gloomy notes of bass string instruments
(10:06) we are familiar with two Russian style themes. Pay attention to the sound of triangle iron. This passage once again emphasizes the victory of the Russian people over the invading enemy 10: 52) you will hear the familiar Russian folk songs again. Immediately after the theme of Marseillaise (11:13), the speed of the music is accelerated and strengthened. At (11:47), there is the first shot, and five shots in a row. The music turns into a stormy downward phrase, and stops at (12:36). It depicts the final fight and the enemy's collapse, with vivid images
(12:37) at the end of the song, the theme of the hymn begins. At this time, the added orchestra plays solemnly and grandly in a thunderous manner, and you will hear the added bell. Because of its unique and novel color, it becomes more powerful and becomes a glorious victory hymn, symbolizing the glorious ending of the struggle. But the powerful statement of this hymn is often interrupted by some rapid phrases of the Battle Theme (13:40). The reappearance of these scale phrases reminds people of the past struggle with the enemy
at last, a solemn and powerful theme came out, which is the theme of the final chorus "Ode to glory" of grinka's Opera Ivan susanin (about 13:52). With the sound of 11 guns and church bells, it is the final victory announcement of the Russian people, and the whole music ends with this triumphant ode< 5. Introction to ten versions of 1812 Overture< (1) mercury 434 36o-2
anti Dorati's 1812 Overture directed by Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra (now renamed Minnesota Orchestra) is my first choice. This record has been on the TAS list for many years, and has been given the highest rating by Penguin CD Guide (97 / 98 Yearbook),
5. It's the Rothschild family.
The Rothschild family is a well-known financial family in Europe and even in the world., Then, with the support of Wellington's military funds, gold panning, and the development of the Suez Canal, the family continued to prosper, and affected the development of the whole European and even world history.
The Rothschild family is a well-known financial family in Europe and even in the world., Then, with the support of Wellington's military funds, gold panning, and the development of the Suez Canal, the family continued to prosper, and affected the development of the whole European and even world history.
6.
Tchaikovsky is not only the greatest Russian composer in the 19th century, but also the first Russian composer to gain a wide world reputation. His brilliant artistic career and achievements occupy a very prominent position in the history of Russian culture and world music
7. Russian
in the summer of 1871, composer Tchaikovsky went to kamingka, Ukraine for a holiday and visited his sister who lived there. As an uncle, he composed a one act Ballet for his lovely nephews based on the goblin story "Swan pond" by German writer mozzies. In August 1875, gretzel, President of the Moscow imperial theatre, cooperated with the playwright pigachev to write a large-scale dance drama Swan Lake, and commissioned Tchaikovsky to compose music for it for 800 rubles. Tchaikovsky, who had long hoped to make an attempt in the field of dance drama, based on the short ballet music written four years ago and integrated into the music of the 1869 opera the goddess of water, completed all the music composing work in April of the next year. The whole play is divided into four acts and twenty-nine pieces. Soon, "Swan Lake" was edited and directed by German lenzinger, and officially performed in Moscow, with Lyubov as the orchestra conctor. Unfortunately, they were at a loss for Tchaikovsky's innovation. They did not add the music of other composers, such as puny, according to the original score. In particular, because of the mediocrity of the director, she even tied the arms of the actresses who played swans with wooden sticks and asked them to imitate the wings of birds, which eventually led to the total failure of the premiere. After only a few performances, it was stopped. The introverted Tchaikovsky attributes the failure of the performance to his own music. He has been planning to revise the music of Swan Lake, but he left the world before he started
in 1894, Marius bidipa, the chief director of malinsky theatre in Pittsburgh, with the cooperation of his assistant Lev Ivanov, held a commemorative public performance for the first anniversary of Tchaikovsky's death, and first put the second act of Swan Lake back on the stage. Then one or three acts were directed by bidipa and two or four acts by Ivanov, and the whole play was performed in Petersburg on January 27, 1895. With the help of their conctor, derrigo, they made necessary additions, deletions and adjustments in order. In order to highlight the contrast of good and evil between ojeta and ojelia, they are endowed with different characters and rhythms. At that time, the heroine, pierina legnani, creatively reflected the director's intention with delicate feeling, light dancing posture and complete skills. It is said that in the third act, she did 32 fouettes (single leg rotation) in one breath, completing this ballet dancer's unique skill for the first time Swan Lake is a great success and reaches the brilliant peak of classical romantic dance drama. In the 20th century, with the popularization of ballet all over the world, "Swan Lake" has become the most popular classical ballet performed by ballet companies all over the world, and different versions have appeared. China's five existing professional ballet companies regard "Swan Lake" as a regular repertoire, becoming the most well-known and favorite Ballet of the Chinese people. Most ballet lovers begin to feel the charm of ballet from Swan Lake. In the first Beijing International Dance season to be held from December 12 to January 20 next year, there will be four versions of Swan Lake, which are from the Central Ballet, the Russian All Star Festival Ballet, the Russian All Star Festival Ballet and the Russian All Star Festival Ballet Belarusian National Theatre ballet and Cuban National Ballet. On May 7, 1840, Tchaikovsky was born in a village near kamsk watkinsk, viatka province. His father, a mining engineer, moved to St. Petersburg in 1848. In 1850, Tchaikovsky entered the Law School of St. Petersburg and took music as an elective Т.И. Filipov studied the piano. He graated from law school in 1859 and joined the Ministry of justice. He also studied music. He joined the music class of Russian Music Association in 1861. In 1862, St. Petersburg Conservatory (today's Leningrad conservatory) was established on the basis of the music class. Tchaikovsky became the first group of students in the conservatory Н.И. She learned harmony and polyphony under the guidance of zhalianba А.Г. Under the guidance of Rubinstein, he studied orchestration and composition. Due to the contradiction between the position of the Ministry of justice and the study of music, Tchaikovsky decided to resign from the Ministry of justice in 1863 and devoted himself to the music career. In 1865, Tchaikovsky graated from St. Petersburg Conservatory of music with outstanding achievements. His graation work is cantata's Ode to joy (j.c.f. Schiller's poem), which won the silver medal. In the same year Н.Г. At the invitation of Rubinstein, Tchaikovsky came to Moscow to teach at the newly established Moscow Conservatory of music and began intense creative activities. In about 10 years, Tchaikovsky wrote many early masterpieces, including three symphonies, Piano Concerto, opera, dance drama, orchestral Overture, Chamber Ensemble, etc. Due to the heavy task of teaching, Tchaikovsky was distressed that he could not devote all his energy to his creation. But for the sake of financial resources, he had to continue to work as a teacher. In July 1877, Tchaikovsky and А.И. Milukova married. It was an unfortunate marriage, and Tchaikovsky suffered a lot for it and soon divorced. The contradiction between creation and teaching and the misfortune brought by marriage make Tchaikovsky's spirit burden heavy. In 1876, Tchaikovsky and Mrs. Meck established a communication friendship, which gave Tchaikovsky great spiritual comfort. Mrs. meek is a well ecated widow who loves Tchaikovsky's works very much. The two established a deep friendship in frequent communication. Since 1877, Mrs. meek has given Tchaikovsky generous financial aid every year, which makes it possible for Tchaikovsky to resign from the teaching position of the Conservatory of music and devote all her energy to writing. From 1877 to his death more than 10 years, Tchaikovsky made brilliant achievements in his creation. His symphonies No.4, No.5, No.6 and title symphonies Manfred, operas Eugene Onegin, mathiepa, Queen of spades, iolante, dance drama sleeping beauty, Nutcracker, Violin Concerto, Italian capriccio, 1812 Overture and many romantic works are all masterpieces of this period
Tchaikovsky traveled to Western Europe many times in his life, and in 1891 he went to the United States to conct and perform his own works. In May 1893, Tchaikovsky received an honorary doctorate from Cambridge University. On October 28, he personally concted his first performance of Symphony No. 6 in St. Petersburg. On November 6, he died of Cholera (on the other hand, he died of suicide).
in the summer of 1871, composer Tchaikovsky went to kamingka, Ukraine for a holiday and visited his sister who lived there. As an uncle, he composed a one act Ballet for his lovely nephews based on the goblin story "Swan pond" by German writer mozzies. In August 1875, gretzel, President of the Moscow imperial theatre, cooperated with the playwright pigachev to write a large-scale dance drama Swan Lake, and commissioned Tchaikovsky to compose music for it for 800 rubles. Tchaikovsky, who had long hoped to make an attempt in the field of dance drama, based on the short ballet music written four years ago and integrated into the music of the 1869 opera the goddess of water, completed all the music composing work in April of the next year. The whole play is divided into four acts and twenty-nine pieces. Soon, "Swan Lake" was edited and directed by German lenzinger, and officially performed in Moscow, with Lyubov as the orchestra conctor. Unfortunately, they were at a loss for Tchaikovsky's innovation. They did not add the music of other composers, such as puny, according to the original score. In particular, because of the mediocrity of the director, she even tied the arms of the actresses who played swans with wooden sticks and asked them to imitate the wings of birds, which eventually led to the total failure of the premiere. After only a few performances, it was stopped. The introverted Tchaikovsky attributes the failure of the performance to his own music. He has been planning to revise the music of Swan Lake, but he left the world before he started
in 1894, Marius bidipa, the chief director of malinsky theatre in Pittsburgh, with the cooperation of his assistant Lev Ivanov, held a commemorative public performance for the first anniversary of Tchaikovsky's death, and first put the second act of Swan Lake back on the stage. Then one or three acts were directed by bidipa and two or four acts by Ivanov, and the whole play was performed in Petersburg on January 27, 1895. With the help of their conctor, derrigo, they made necessary additions, deletions and adjustments in order. In order to highlight the contrast of good and evil between ojeta and ojelia, they are endowed with different characters and rhythms. At that time, the heroine, pierina legnani, creatively reflected the director's intention with delicate feeling, light dancing posture and complete skills. It is said that in the third act, she did 32 fouettes (single leg rotation) in one breath, completing this ballet dancer's unique skill for the first time Swan Lake is a great success and reaches the brilliant peak of classical romantic dance drama. In the 20th century, with the popularization of ballet all over the world, "Swan Lake" has become the most popular classical ballet performed by ballet companies all over the world, and different versions have appeared. China's five existing professional ballet companies regard "Swan Lake" as a regular repertoire, becoming the most well-known and favorite Ballet of the Chinese people. Most ballet lovers begin to feel the charm of ballet from Swan Lake. In the first Beijing International Dance season to be held from December 12 to January 20 next year, there will be four versions of Swan Lake, which are from the Central Ballet, the Russian All Star Festival Ballet, the Russian All Star Festival Ballet and the Russian All Star Festival Ballet Belarusian National Theatre ballet and Cuban National Ballet. On May 7, 1840, Tchaikovsky was born in a village near kamsk watkinsk, viatka province. His father, a mining engineer, moved to St. Petersburg in 1848. In 1850, Tchaikovsky entered the Law School of St. Petersburg and took music as an elective Т.И. Filipov studied the piano. He graated from law school in 1859 and joined the Ministry of justice. He also studied music. He joined the music class of Russian Music Association in 1861. In 1862, St. Petersburg Conservatory (today's Leningrad conservatory) was established on the basis of the music class. Tchaikovsky became the first group of students in the conservatory Н.И. She learned harmony and polyphony under the guidance of zhalianba А.Г. Under the guidance of Rubinstein, he studied orchestration and composition. Due to the contradiction between the position of the Ministry of justice and the study of music, Tchaikovsky decided to resign from the Ministry of justice in 1863 and devoted himself to the music career. In 1865, Tchaikovsky graated from St. Petersburg Conservatory of music with outstanding achievements. His graation work is cantata's Ode to joy (j.c.f. Schiller's poem), which won the silver medal. In the same year Н.Г. At the invitation of Rubinstein, Tchaikovsky came to Moscow to teach at the newly established Moscow Conservatory of music and began intense creative activities. In about 10 years, Tchaikovsky wrote many early masterpieces, including three symphonies, Piano Concerto, opera, dance drama, orchestral Overture, Chamber Ensemble, etc. Due to the heavy task of teaching, Tchaikovsky was distressed that he could not devote all his energy to his creation. But for the sake of financial resources, he had to continue to work as a teacher. In July 1877, Tchaikovsky and А.И. Milukova married. It was an unfortunate marriage, and Tchaikovsky suffered a lot for it and soon divorced. The contradiction between creation and teaching and the misfortune brought by marriage make Tchaikovsky's spirit burden heavy. In 1876, Tchaikovsky and Mrs. Meck established a communication friendship, which gave Tchaikovsky great spiritual comfort. Mrs. meek is a well ecated widow who loves Tchaikovsky's works very much. The two established a deep friendship in frequent communication. Since 1877, Mrs. meek has given Tchaikovsky generous financial aid every year, which makes it possible for Tchaikovsky to resign from the teaching position of the Conservatory of music and devote all her energy to writing. From 1877 to his death more than 10 years, Tchaikovsky made brilliant achievements in his creation. His symphonies No.4, No.5, No.6 and title symphonies Manfred, operas Eugene Onegin, mathiepa, Queen of spades, iolante, dance drama sleeping beauty, Nutcracker, Violin Concerto, Italian capriccio, 1812 Overture and many romantic works are all masterpieces of this period
Tchaikovsky traveled to Western Europe many times in his life, and in 1891 he went to the United States to conct and perform his own works. In May 1893, Tchaikovsky received an honorary doctorate from Cambridge University. On October 28, he personally concted his first performance of Symphony No. 6 in St. Petersburg. On November 6, he died of Cholera (on the other hand, he died of suicide).
8. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Russian: Пётр Ильич Чайковский， Peter Lynch Tchaikovsky, also translated as Tchaikovsky (May 7, 1840 - November 6, 1893), is a great Russian composer and music ecator in the 19th century, known as a great Russian music master. Tchaikovsky was born on May 7, 1840, in the family of mine engineer and director of an official metallurgical factory. He graated from the Petersburg law school in 1859 and worked in the Ministry of justice. In 1861, he joined the music class of the Russian Music Association (the next year, he was transformed into the Petersburg Conservatory of Music). In 1863, he resigned from the Ministry of justice and devoted himself to music. After graating in 1865, he taught in Moscow Conservatory of music and actively created the first batch of works. Funded by Mrs. Mack, a rich widow, she quit her teaching job in 1877 to specialize in creation. During 1878-1885, he traveled and performed many times in Western Europe and the United States. In June 1893, he won the honorary doctorate of Cambridge University. At the end of October of the same year, he died shortly after concting Pathetique Symphony No. 6 in Petersburg.
9. Tragic, noble and holy emotion -- Pathetique Symphony
10. Unknown_Error
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