Ethereum linuxcpu mining
Publish: 2021-05-19 13:00:03
1. GPU mining
Hardware
algorithm is difficult to solve in memory. In order to make DAG suitable for memory, each GPU needs 1-2gb of memory. If you get an error prompt: error GPU mining. GPU memory fragmentation? It means you don't have enough memory. GPU mining software is based on OpenCL, amd GPU will be faster than NVIDIA GPU of the same level. ASIC and FPGA are relatively inefficient, so they are blocked. To get OpenCL for chip integration platform, try:
amd SDK OpenCL
NVIDIA CUDA OpenCL
Ubuntu Linux settings
for this quick guide, you will need Ubuntu 14.04 or 15.04 and fglrx image driver. You can also use NVIDIA drives and other platforms, but you have to find your own way to get an effective OpenCL installation, such as genoil's ethminer fork
if you are using 15.04, go to & quot; Software and updates 〉 extra drives & quot; Set to & quot; Use the video driver & quot; from fglrx for AMD graphics accelerator
if you are using 14.04, go to & quot; Software and updates 〉 extra drives & quot; Set to & quot; Use the video driver & quot; from fglrx for AMD graphics accelerator;. Unfortunately, for some people, this method may not work, because there is a known program error in Ubuntu 14.04.02 that will prevent you from switching to the exclusive graphics drive necessary for GPU mining
therefore, if you encounter this program error, go to & quot; "Software and update" update & quot; Select & quot; Pre release reliable update proposal & quot;. Then, back to & quot; Software and updates 〉 extra drives & quot; Set to & quot; Use the video driver & quot; from fglrx for AMD graphics accelerator;. After restarting, it's worth checking that the drive is now properly installed (for example, by going to & quot; Additional drives & quot;)
no matter what you do, if you are using 14.04.02, once installed, do not change the drive or drive configuration. For example, the use of aticonfig – initial (especially the - F, - force option) will & quot; Destruction & quot; Your settings. If you accidentally change the configuration, you will need to uninstall the drive, restart, install the drive again and restart.
Hardware
algorithm is difficult to solve in memory. In order to make DAG suitable for memory, each GPU needs 1-2gb of memory. If you get an error prompt: error GPU mining. GPU memory fragmentation? It means you don't have enough memory. GPU mining software is based on OpenCL, amd GPU will be faster than NVIDIA GPU of the same level. ASIC and FPGA are relatively inefficient, so they are blocked. To get OpenCL for chip integration platform, try:
amd SDK OpenCL
NVIDIA CUDA OpenCL
Ubuntu Linux settings
for this quick guide, you will need Ubuntu 14.04 or 15.04 and fglrx image driver. You can also use NVIDIA drives and other platforms, but you have to find your own way to get an effective OpenCL installation, such as genoil's ethminer fork
if you are using 15.04, go to & quot; Software and updates 〉 extra drives & quot; Set to & quot; Use the video driver & quot; from fglrx for AMD graphics accelerator
if you are using 14.04, go to & quot; Software and updates 〉 extra drives & quot; Set to & quot; Use the video driver & quot; from fglrx for AMD graphics accelerator;. Unfortunately, for some people, this method may not work, because there is a known program error in Ubuntu 14.04.02 that will prevent you from switching to the exclusive graphics drive necessary for GPU mining
therefore, if you encounter this program error, go to & quot; "Software and update" update & quot; Select & quot; Pre release reliable update proposal & quot;. Then, back to & quot; Software and updates 〉 extra drives & quot; Set to & quot; Use the video driver & quot; from fglrx for AMD graphics accelerator;. After restarting, it's worth checking that the drive is now properly installed (for example, by going to & quot; Additional drives & quot;)
no matter what you do, if you are using 14.04.02, once installed, do not change the drive or drive configuration. For example, the use of aticonfig – initial (especially the - F, - force option) will & quot; Destruction & quot; Your settings. If you accidentally change the configuration, you will need to uninstall the drive, restart, install the drive again and restart.
2. Not suitable for mining, you can consider the interstellar bit, the latest proct hummingbird H1 is based on Linux system.
3.
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4.
How to use the Linux system mining, to use the service of the HA Yu miner, only need two steps, you can mine on the Linux system
-
open the website, input the mobile phone number, select how many CPUs you want to use for mining, the default is to use 50% of the CPU for mining, click to generate your exclusive command and
in two steps, you can mine on Linux system, the money you dig only needs to go to the website of hayu miner, enter your mobile phone number to withdraw< br />
5. Ifconfig check whether you open the network card / etc / init.d/network restart start the network card check CD / etc / sysconfig / network scripts / if there is ifcfg-eth0, if not, configure a content device = eth0 (which network card) onboot = yes bootproto = static (static IP state setting) BOOTP
6. Mining doesn't need a good CPU, does it? CPU algorithm mining is too low, mining is mainly using graphics card mining
7.
Yes
please refer to the following tutorial:
Mining with idle Linux server
Mining tutorial of Ethereum Linux system
installation of zcash under Linux to start mining tutorial
8.
Yes, why not. Moreover, it is easy to operate and has the following advantages:
< UL >it is more stable and easy to maintain
the cost of system resources is small (that is, the hardware requirements are not high), and the mining cost is saved
the installation and debugging are simple, and the technical threshold is lower
full open source system, free legal edition, more stable and further save mining cost? In fact, you only need two steps to mine under Linux system:
open the website, enter the mobile phone number, select how many CPUs you want to use to mine, the default is to use 50% of the CPU to mine, click to generate your exclusive command and
is such a simple operation
9. Linux server mining, just need two steps
open the website, enter the mobile phone number, select how many CPU you want to use to mine, the default is to use 50% of the CPU for mining, click to generate your exclusive command and
enter the console paste command, and click Run
is such a simple operation.
open the website, enter the mobile phone number, select how many CPU you want to use to mine, the default is to use 50% of the CPU for mining, click to generate your exclusive command and
enter the console paste command, and click Run
is such a simple operation.
10. In short, this is the function of the central bank
new currencies are usually solved through open market operations. In other words, the central bank makes its own money flow out by buying Treasury bonds (issued by the Ministry of Finance), so that the money flows to commercial banks, and commercial banks make money circulate in the society through lending
first of all, understand currency: today's commonly referred to as currency is the paper money in our pocket. It is a medium and tool to facilitate the exchange and circulation of goods under the commodity economy. It has no value in itself and is issued and forced to circulate by the national bank. When you go shopping in China with us dollars, the shop owner will treat us dollars as a piece of waste paper, because US dollars must be converted into RMB through the central bank to be used in China
currencies of different countries cannot be circulated in different countries. Now, with the global economic integration, there are certain economic exchanges between countries. In order to solve the trade and currency problems between different countries, two concepts of foreign exchange and foreign exchange reserve are involved
as we all know, a country's wealth is not measured by the amount of its currency issued or owned, but by the amount of its commodities, which are the material needs of people's life, rather than money, that is, a country's proction capacity and gross domestic proct
trade between countries can be divided into export and import as follows:
in the case of export, if US dollar is used as foreign currency, that is to say, Chinese multinational enterprises sell their procts in the United States in exchange for the currency of other countries. For Chinese people, foreign currency is not allowed to circulate in the Chinese market, Therefore, in the Chinese market, foreign currency is equivalent to a pile of waste paper. Therefore, it is useless for Chinese export enterprises to sell foreign currency to the national bank to exchange it for RMB, and the state holds foreign currency. People's wealth is ultimately reflected in their material enjoyment, and money is only an intermediary and tool for material exchange, Our domestic enterprises give the goods they proce to the United States, while the United States only gives us foreign currency (bonds), thus forming a debt relationship: that is, China is the creditor, foreign countries (the United States) are the debtor, and foreign exchange (US dollars) is the debt relationship certificate
for the import situation, foreign currency reserves will not be affected. For example, if foreign businessmen sell foreign goods at home to earn RMB, the central bank will take the foreign exchange reserves (US dollars) to buy back RMB from foreign investors (because this part of RMB is circulating at home and is not counted as foreign exchange reserves), It may also be that foreign businessmen take RMB to their own country to exchange for their own currency, which also forms their own foreign exchange reserves (whether the actual process is like the above, I don't know, it's not studying economy, it's just speculation). Buy back is actually a hedging process (the real sense of hedging seems to be that the central bank takes foreign exchange to buy overseas). It can also be understood as follows: foreign goods are regarded as the goods proced by the central bank and sold in the domestic market. In this way, part of the foreign exchange reserve is returned to the people through the central bank, and the debt is also paid
generally, the amount of money in circulation of a country corresponds to the amount of goods proced by the country Material wealth corresponds to the amount of money)
Chinese enterprises export goods, which can be seen as: China proces too many domestic goods (that is, the corresponding currency is not enough),
domestic enterprises get foreign markets for commodity sales and exchange through the form of export, and can exchange domestic goods for foreign goods, but because of the existence of foreign currency, In fact, these foreign currencies are equivalent to the debts of foreign consumers to China's export enterprises, and these debts are uniformly assigned to the name of the national bank. This has become the country's foreign exchange reserves. The more foreign exchange reserves, the more money the state will lend. Lending is equivalent to issuing money. If a country releases too much money, it needs to issue a large amount of money, which may cause inflation (there are not enough goods, but a lot of currency in circulation). At this time, the country purchases goods from overseas through the international market, and consumes foreign goods in exchange for goods, so as to achieve the goal of stabilizing and balancing the economy. It can also be understood from another perspective that the central bank releases a large amount of money to exchange for foreign exchange reserves. The increase of this kind of money is not caused by the "invisible hand" of the market rules, but by the Central Bank of the government. If we zoom in, the increase of money will actually be inflation, and the money on the hands of the people will be devalued, The devalued part is occupied by the central bank free of charge. Therefore, it can be understood as: foreign exchange reserves are liabilities of the central bank, not assets, because it is exchanged by the central bank from the people's hands with RMB, then the people will want to cash this asset one day
as China's foreign exchange currency is mainly US dollar, once the US economy fluctuates and leads to the depreciation of US dollar, China's foreign exchange reserves will have the risk of devaluation. The devaluation of foreign exchange reserves is also the loss of China's assets< In a word, foreign exchange reserve is a kind of debt relationship between the people and other countries (reserves are not national assets, but the money of the working people), and the people, as one of the creditor's rights, transfer the creditor's rights to the National Central Bank and hang them in the name of the central bank
foreign exchange reserve refers to the foreign convertible currency held by a country's monetary authority and can be used for external payment, which acts as an international reserve asset. The amount of foreign exchange reserve mainly depends on the status of import and export, the scale of foreign debt and the actual use of foreign capital. Foreign exchange reserves are used for trade with other countries
in order to increase foreign exchange, we need to issue RMB to buy, and the supply of RMB will increase, which may cause monetary expansion in the domestic market. A certain amount of foreign exchange reserve is an important means for a country to adjust its economy and realize the economic balance at home and abroad. When there is a deficit in the balance of payments (more imports, the domestic market full of foreign goods, causing domestic monetary tightening), the use of foreign exchange reserves can promote the balance of payments; When the domestic macro-economy is unbalanced and the total demand is greater than the total supply (the consumption demand increases and the goods are not enough), we can use foreign exchange to organize imports, so as to adjust the relationship between the total supply and the total demand and promote the macro-economy balance
at the same time, when the exchange rate fluctuates, we can use the foreign exchange reserves to intervene the exchange rate and make it stable
the performance of foreign exchange reserves is to hold a kind of financial claims expressed in foreign currency, not put into domestic proction. This leads to the problem of opportunity cost, that is, if the monetary authorities do not hold reserves, they can use these reserve assets to import goods and services, increase the real resources of proction, and thus increase employment and national income, while holding reserves gives up such benefits
the increase of foreign exchange reserves should expand the money supply. If the foreign exchange reserves are too large, it will increase the pressure of inflation and increase the difficulty of monetary policy
holding too much foreign exchange reserves may also cause losses e to the depreciation of foreign exchange rate
because foreign currency can not circulate in the domestic market, the central bank not only releases a certain amount of money (through export and foreign capital) in China, but also reserves a certain amount of foreign exchange on behalf of the country. At this time, RMB is used in China, while foreign exchange itself is independent of the domestic economic operation, and is used by the central bank to maintain and increase value in the international financial market.
new currencies are usually solved through open market operations. In other words, the central bank makes its own money flow out by buying Treasury bonds (issued by the Ministry of Finance), so that the money flows to commercial banks, and commercial banks make money circulate in the society through lending
first of all, understand currency: today's commonly referred to as currency is the paper money in our pocket. It is a medium and tool to facilitate the exchange and circulation of goods under the commodity economy. It has no value in itself and is issued and forced to circulate by the national bank. When you go shopping in China with us dollars, the shop owner will treat us dollars as a piece of waste paper, because US dollars must be converted into RMB through the central bank to be used in China
currencies of different countries cannot be circulated in different countries. Now, with the global economic integration, there are certain economic exchanges between countries. In order to solve the trade and currency problems between different countries, two concepts of foreign exchange and foreign exchange reserve are involved
as we all know, a country's wealth is not measured by the amount of its currency issued or owned, but by the amount of its commodities, which are the material needs of people's life, rather than money, that is, a country's proction capacity and gross domestic proct
trade between countries can be divided into export and import as follows:
in the case of export, if US dollar is used as foreign currency, that is to say, Chinese multinational enterprises sell their procts in the United States in exchange for the currency of other countries. For Chinese people, foreign currency is not allowed to circulate in the Chinese market, Therefore, in the Chinese market, foreign currency is equivalent to a pile of waste paper. Therefore, it is useless for Chinese export enterprises to sell foreign currency to the national bank to exchange it for RMB, and the state holds foreign currency. People's wealth is ultimately reflected in their material enjoyment, and money is only an intermediary and tool for material exchange, Our domestic enterprises give the goods they proce to the United States, while the United States only gives us foreign currency (bonds), thus forming a debt relationship: that is, China is the creditor, foreign countries (the United States) are the debtor, and foreign exchange (US dollars) is the debt relationship certificate
for the import situation, foreign currency reserves will not be affected. For example, if foreign businessmen sell foreign goods at home to earn RMB, the central bank will take the foreign exchange reserves (US dollars) to buy back RMB from foreign investors (because this part of RMB is circulating at home and is not counted as foreign exchange reserves), It may also be that foreign businessmen take RMB to their own country to exchange for their own currency, which also forms their own foreign exchange reserves (whether the actual process is like the above, I don't know, it's not studying economy, it's just speculation). Buy back is actually a hedging process (the real sense of hedging seems to be that the central bank takes foreign exchange to buy overseas). It can also be understood as follows: foreign goods are regarded as the goods proced by the central bank and sold in the domestic market. In this way, part of the foreign exchange reserve is returned to the people through the central bank, and the debt is also paid
generally, the amount of money in circulation of a country corresponds to the amount of goods proced by the country Material wealth corresponds to the amount of money)
Chinese enterprises export goods, which can be seen as: China proces too many domestic goods (that is, the corresponding currency is not enough),
domestic enterprises get foreign markets for commodity sales and exchange through the form of export, and can exchange domestic goods for foreign goods, but because of the existence of foreign currency, In fact, these foreign currencies are equivalent to the debts of foreign consumers to China's export enterprises, and these debts are uniformly assigned to the name of the national bank. This has become the country's foreign exchange reserves. The more foreign exchange reserves, the more money the state will lend. Lending is equivalent to issuing money. If a country releases too much money, it needs to issue a large amount of money, which may cause inflation (there are not enough goods, but a lot of currency in circulation). At this time, the country purchases goods from overseas through the international market, and consumes foreign goods in exchange for goods, so as to achieve the goal of stabilizing and balancing the economy. It can also be understood from another perspective that the central bank releases a large amount of money to exchange for foreign exchange reserves. The increase of this kind of money is not caused by the "invisible hand" of the market rules, but by the Central Bank of the government. If we zoom in, the increase of money will actually be inflation, and the money on the hands of the people will be devalued, The devalued part is occupied by the central bank free of charge. Therefore, it can be understood as: foreign exchange reserves are liabilities of the central bank, not assets, because it is exchanged by the central bank from the people's hands with RMB, then the people will want to cash this asset one day
as China's foreign exchange currency is mainly US dollar, once the US economy fluctuates and leads to the depreciation of US dollar, China's foreign exchange reserves will have the risk of devaluation. The devaluation of foreign exchange reserves is also the loss of China's assets< In a word, foreign exchange reserve is a kind of debt relationship between the people and other countries (reserves are not national assets, but the money of the working people), and the people, as one of the creditor's rights, transfer the creditor's rights to the National Central Bank and hang them in the name of the central bank
foreign exchange reserve refers to the foreign convertible currency held by a country's monetary authority and can be used for external payment, which acts as an international reserve asset. The amount of foreign exchange reserve mainly depends on the status of import and export, the scale of foreign debt and the actual use of foreign capital. Foreign exchange reserves are used for trade with other countries
in order to increase foreign exchange, we need to issue RMB to buy, and the supply of RMB will increase, which may cause monetary expansion in the domestic market. A certain amount of foreign exchange reserve is an important means for a country to adjust its economy and realize the economic balance at home and abroad. When there is a deficit in the balance of payments (more imports, the domestic market full of foreign goods, causing domestic monetary tightening), the use of foreign exchange reserves can promote the balance of payments; When the domestic macro-economy is unbalanced and the total demand is greater than the total supply (the consumption demand increases and the goods are not enough), we can use foreign exchange to organize imports, so as to adjust the relationship between the total supply and the total demand and promote the macro-economy balance
at the same time, when the exchange rate fluctuates, we can use the foreign exchange reserves to intervene the exchange rate and make it stable
the performance of foreign exchange reserves is to hold a kind of financial claims expressed in foreign currency, not put into domestic proction. This leads to the problem of opportunity cost, that is, if the monetary authorities do not hold reserves, they can use these reserve assets to import goods and services, increase the real resources of proction, and thus increase employment and national income, while holding reserves gives up such benefits
the increase of foreign exchange reserves should expand the money supply. If the foreign exchange reserves are too large, it will increase the pressure of inflation and increase the difficulty of monetary policy
holding too much foreign exchange reserves may also cause losses e to the depreciation of foreign exchange rate
because foreign currency can not circulate in the domestic market, the central bank not only releases a certain amount of money (through export and foreign capital) in China, but also reserves a certain amount of foreign exchange on behalf of the country. At this time, RMB is used in China, while foreign exchange itself is independent of the domestic economic operation, and is used by the central bank to maintain and increase value in the international financial market.
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