How did Ethereum succeed
however, if you want to get blockchain, you still need to get it by mining with hayu miners. However, many people get Ethereum by starting with Ethereum, but that's a big risk! There are certain risks!
Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract function. It provides decentralized virtual machine (Ethereum virtual machine) to process point-to-point contract through its special cryptocurrency ether (also known as "Ethereum")
The token on theblockchain is called ether, and the code is eth. It can be traded in many foreign exchange markets of cryptocurrency, and it is also the medium used to pay transaction fees and computing services on Ethereum
the concept of Ethereum was first proposed by vitalik buterin, a programmer, from 2013 to 2014, inspired by bitcoin, with the general meaning of "next generation cryptocurrency and decentralized application platform", and began to develop through ICO crowdfunding in 2014. As of February 2018, Ethernet is the second highest cryptocurrency in market value, second only to bitcoin
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Ethereum platform has no characteristics and value. Like programming languages, it's up to entrepreneurs and developers to decide what to use. However, it is clear that some application types benefit more from the functions of Ethereum than others. Ethereum is especially suitable for those applications that automatically interact directly between points or promote group coordination activities across networks
for example, coordinate the application of point-to-point market, or the automation of complex financial contracts. Bitcoin enables indivials to exchange money without the help of financial institutions, banks or governments. The impact of Ethereum may be more profound
in theory, any complex financial activities or transactions can be automatically and reliably carried out on Ethereum with coding. In addition to financial applications, any application scenario with high requirements for trust, security and persistence, such as asset registration, voting, management and Internet of things, will be affected by Ethereum platform on a large scale
etc (Ethereum Classic) is a bifurcated currency that Ethereum hard bifurcates after 1920000 blocks, and its function is very similar to Ethereum. Etc adheres to the concept of decentralization and supports the consensus mechanism of blockchain guarantee. Etc firmly believes that once the blockchain starts to run, its development direction will not be controlled by any central team, but will be determined by the consensus of the people participating in the whole network and the consensus of the computing power of the whole network
the Ethereum blockchain hard branching in July 2016 aims to transfer the Dao funds stolen by hackers to an account controlled by investors, and let the old transaction records be forgotten by history. Most Ethereum developers are involved in the reversal, as are exchanges, startups and other members of the ecosystem. A few days later, the project returned to normal. But not everyone wants to forget the old record. As a result, a small number of miners continued to use the original blockchain as a protest. They described the hard fork as a capital withdrawal for the abandoned project of the Dao. So Ethereum classic (etc) was born
2. Detailed parameters
Chinese Name: Ethereum classic English Name: Ethereum classic English abbreviation: etc
developer: Ethereum Classic team core algorithm: ethash consensus proof: POW
release date: 2016 / 7 / 20 block time: About 15-17 seconds / block
total currency: fixed at 210 million, up to 230 million, Every 5 million blocks decelerate by 20%, and the first proction rection is expected to be in December 2017
main features: independent cryptocurrency
many new users believe that the sole purpose of mining is to generate ether in a way that does not require a central issuer (see our guide "what is ether?"). It's true. The token of Ethereum is proced in the process of mining, with a mining rate of 5 Ethereum coins per piece. But mining is at least as important. Usually, banks are responsible for keeping accurate records of transactions. They make sure that money is not created out of thin air and that users don't cheat and spend money many times. However, blockchain introces a new way to keep records, the whole network instead of intermediary, to verify transactions and add them to the public ledger
Ethereum mining
although "no trust" or "trust minimization" monetary system is the goal, there are still people who need to ensure the security of financial records and ensure that no one cheats. Mining is one of the innovations that makes decentralized records possible. Miners have reached a consensus on the history of transactions in terms of preventing fraud (especially double spending on ether) - an interesting issue that hasn't been addressed before the decentralized currency works on the blockchain. While Ethereum is looking at other ways to reach a consensus on the effectiveness of the deal, mining currently keeps the platform together
how mining works
today, the mining process of Ethereum is almost the same as that of bitcoin. For each transaction, the miner can use the computer to guess the answer repeatedly and quickly until one of them wins. More specifically, the miner will run the unique header metadata (including time stamp and software version) of the block through the hash function (which will return a fixed length, unordered string of numbers and letters, which appears to be random), changing only the 'nonce value', which will affect the hash value of the result
if the miner finds a hash that matches the current target, the miner will be granted ether and broadcast the block across the network for each node to verify and add to their own ledger . If miner B finds the hash, miner a stops working on the current block and repeats the process for the next block. It's hard for miners to cheat in this game. There is no way to fake the work and come up with the right answer to the puzzle. That's why solving puzzles is called "proof of work."
on the other hand, others have little time to verify whether the hash value is correct, which is exactly what each node does. About every 12-15 seconds, a miner finds a stone. If the miner starts to solve the puzzle faster or slower than this, the algorithm will automatically re adjust the difficulty of the problem so that the miner can rebound to about 12 seconds of solution time
miners earn these ethers randomly, and their profitability depends on their luck and the computing power they put in. The specific workload verification algorithm used by Ethereum is called "ethash", which aims to require more memory, making it difficult to mine with expensive ASIC. Special mining chips are now the only profitable way to mine bitcoin
in a sense, ethash may have achieved this goal successfully, because dedicated ASIC is not available for Ethereum (at least not yet). In addition, as Ethereum aims to shift from proof of work mining to "proof of equity" (which we will discuss below), buying ASIC may not be a wise choice because it may not prove useful for a long time< However, Ethereum may never need miners. Developers plan to abandon proof of work, the algorithm currently used by the network to determine which transactions are valid and protect them from tampering to support proof of equity, which is guaranteed by token owners. If and when the algorithm is launched, proof of equity can become a means to achieve distributed consensus, and the consensus uses less resources.
Ethereum is an open-source public blockchain platform with smart contract function. It mainly provides decentralized virtual machine to process point-to-point contracts through its special encrypted currency Ethereum, which is fast and unlimited in quantity. In other words, it is a monetary payment system, but their functions and purposes are different
if bitcoin is considered to be a shared global book that securely records all bitcoin bills. Then Ethereum is to maintain a shared computing platform, which can flexibly and safely run any program users want. Because of this, many countries and enterprises are developing how to use Ethereum technology in the real world.
Ethereum can be used to program, distribute, guarantee and trade anything: voting, domain names, financial exchanges, crowdfunding, corporate management,
contracts and most of the agreements, intellectual property, and smart assets that benefit from hardware integration. The price has changed a lot recently
logocentrism is another name of Western metaphysics, which is Derrida's general ruling on western philosophy by inheriting Heidegger's ideas. As the name suggests, logocentrism is a structure centered on logos, so we should first understand & quot; Logos & quot;
& quot; Logos & quot; From ancient Greek, for λ In the first volume of the history of Greek philosophy, gersley, a famous historian of philosophy, analyzed in detail the usage of the word "oyos" in philosophy, literature, history and other documents before the fifth century B.C., and summed up ten meanings: (1) anything spoken or written 2) Things mentioned and related to value, such as evaluation and reputation 3) The inner consideration of the soul, such as thought and reasoning 4) Develop from what is said or written to cause, reason or argument 5) And & quot; Empty talk& quot; Excuse & quot; On the contrary, & quot; The real logos & quot; It is the truth of things 6) Scale, propriety 7) Correspondence, proportion 8) General principle or rule, which is a relatively late usage 9) The ability of reason, such as the difference between man and animals, is that man has logos 10) Definition or formula to express the essence of things.
later generations mainly from & quot; Rationality& quot; Truth& quot; Law & quot; Even & quot; Logic & quot; To grasp & quot; Logos & quot; In Heidegger's being and time, this meaning is not groundless, but it is not its original meaning; Logos & quot; Far away from the basis of existentialism, & quot; Logos is experienced as a ready-made thing and interpreted as a ready-made thing; Similarly, the existential shown by logos also has the meaning of being; Therefore, he wants to put & quot; Logos & quot; From & quot; Logic & quot; In his opinion, he thought that "the first is to liberate and restore its original meaning"; Logos & quot; The original meaning is & quot; Talk & quot; Or & quot; Speaking & quot;, Its verb form is legein and its root is 1eg. The basic meaning of 1eg is & quot; Talk & quot Speech is the basic link of human being's Dasein, which forms the whole meaning of Dasein. It links human being's Dasein as a whole in the way of articulation; Heidegger's later period (from the introction to metaphysics in the transitional period) was not satisfied with the analysis of logos as & quot; Talk & quot;, Therefore, it continues to trace its origin, and holds that its original meaning is & quot; Aggregation & quot;, Gathering brings the miscellaneous and mutually exclusive things into the presence. Speech is also a kind of gathering, which makes all things gather into one and show up; Logos & quot; It is not only the omnipresent operation of being, but also the omnipresent operation of language; Aggregation & quot; To explain & quot; Logos & quot; And use & quot; Talk & quot; Explanation & quot; Logos & quot; Although there are differences between existentialism and ontology, they do not change the two core meanings, that is, to refer to & quot; at the same time; Speech & quot The speech of Dasein or being) and & quot; Presence & quot;, In & quot; Logos & quot; Derrida agrees with Heidegger's research that the pursuit of logos is the pursuit of all presence through speech; However, Derrida believes that & quot; Logos & quot; No matter it is in the normal sense & quot; Rationality & quot; Or & quot; Logic & quot; Or Heidegger insisted successively & quot; Talk & quot; And & quot; Aggregation & quot; In all kinds of metaphysical systems, there is always an unchanging presence as the center of its construction system. Derrida has a good summary of this in the opening of structure, symbol and game in the discourse of Human Sciences: there is a desire for center throughout the history of metaphysics, Different centers organize different structures; The history of the whole concept of structure must be regarded as a series of activities in which the center replaces the center, just like a chain of centers. The center obtains different forms and names in a way of successive emergence and mutual coordination. The history of metaphysics, like the whole history of the west, is the history of these metaphors and metonymies, It can be proved that all these names related to the basis, principle or center indicate an unchanging presence -- Eidos [essence], arche [origin], telos [purpose], Energia [energy], ousia [presence], existence [existence], substance [entity], Suiet [subject], Aletheia [Truth], Transcendentalite, conscience, Dieu, homine and so on; The historical manifestations of these presence are as follows: & quot; The presence of things as Eidos facing eyes, as entity / essence / existence, as temporal presence of present or moving point, as self presence of thinking, consciousness and subjectivity, as common presence of self and others; Derrida's philosophy is just a response to these various modes of presence. He re grasps logos from the perspective of signifying activity, that is, Heidegger's interpretation of logos from the perspective of ontology; Presence & quot; Interpretation is examined at the linguistic level (this is mainly influenced by Saussure, later on in detail): the so-called presence means that the signified is separated from the signifier. In the movement of signs, the signifier is originally indivisible, but metaphysics can make the signifier self erase and make the signified appear, and further regard the signified as the unchanging center and the basis of determination, In order to construct metaphysical edifice, Derrida called it & quot; A priori reference & quot According to Derrida, Heidegger's & quot; Logos & quot; Heidegger liberated language from logic, but constrained language in the presence of logos. Therefore, Derrida wanted to liberate language from logos (no matter what kind of logos it is) and classify it as the game's & quot; Words & quot In Derrida's opinion, logocentrism contains two rather contradictory views: first, it is a sound centered concept, namely phonocentrism. In the phenomenon of expressing meaning with symbols, the medium of sound is superior to that of words. Sound is internal and closest to meaning, while words are external, It can only approach meaning through sound circuitously, which is an ideological tradition based on Western phonetic characters. Secondly, in the activity of care, the sound must be hidden and self erased, so that the meaning can be completely and directly present. This is what Derrida called & quot; Metaphysics of presence & quot In this regard, sound centralism is attached to logos centralism, which serves for logos centralism. The only reason for its existence is to let logos lose its superiority when it is present