Ethereum applet

1.

what is Ethereum:

Ethereum is an innovation based on the application of technologies and concepts in bitcoin to computers. Ethereum itself imitates a lot of bitcoin technology to maintain the computer platform. blockchain technology is one of them
Ethereum platform can safely run any program users want

advantages of Ethereum over other competitive currencies before Ethereum appeared, some digital currencies imitated bitcoin. However, these projects have their own shortcomings, they can only support one or several specific applications at the same time< However, the reason why Ethereum can surpass the limitations of these projects in the past is because of the core idea of Ethereum

what Ethereum wants to implement is a blockchain protocol with built-in programming language. Since it supports programming language, in theory, any blockchain application can be defined with this language, and then run on Ethereum's blockchain protocol as an application

The design of Ethereum is very flexible and adaptable

Ethereum target sets the advantages of blockchain technology, in order to add the advantages of blockchain, such as decentralization, openness and security, to almost all computing fields

blockchain applications of Ethereum

Ethereum has many blockchain applications, such as digital applications of gold and stocks, financial derivatives applications, DNS and digital authentication, etc

Ethereum has achieved more than 100 blockchain applications by many start-ups

Ethereum has also been closely watched by some financial institutions, banking consortia (such as R3), as well as large companies like Samsung, Deloitte, RWE and IBM. As a result, a number of blockchain applications such as simplified and automated financial transactions, merchant loyalty index tracking, and gift cards designed to achieve decentralization of electronic transactions have emerged

the relationship between Ethereum and blockchain:

Ethereum is a programmable blockchain

Ethereum does not give users a series of preset operations (such as bitcoin transaction), but allows users to create complex operations according to their own wishes

in this way, Ethereum can be used as a platform for various types of decentralized blockchain applications, including but not limited to cryptocurrency

like other blockchains, Ethereum also has a peer-to-peer network protocol. Ethereum blockchain database is maintained and updated by many nodes connected to the network. Each network node runs the Ethereum simulator and executes the same instructions. Therefore, people sometimes call Ethereum "world computer"

2. GPU mining

Hardware

algorithm is difficult to solve in memory. In order to make DAG suitable for memory, each GPU needs 1-2gb of memory. If you get an error prompt: error GPU mining. GPU memory fragmentation? It means you don't have enough memory. GPU mining software is based on OpenCL, amd GPU will be faster than NVIDIA GPU of the same level. ASIC and FPGA are relatively inefficient, so they are blocked. To get OpenCL for chip integration platform, try:
amd SDK OpenCL
NVIDIA CUDA OpenCL
Ubuntu Linux settings

for this quick guide, you will need Ubuntu 14.04 or 15.04 and fglrx image driver. You can also use NVIDIA drives and other platforms, but you have to find your own way to get an effective OpenCL installation, such as genoil's ethminer fork
if you are using 15.04, go to & quot; Software and updates 〉 extra drives & quot; Set to & quot; Use the video driver & quot; from fglrx for AMD graphics accelerator
if you are using 14.04, go to & quot; Software and updates 〉 extra drives & quot; Set to & quot; Use the video driver & quot; from fglrx for AMD graphics accelerator;. Unfortunately, for some people, this method may not work, because there is a known program error in Ubuntu 14.04.02 that will prevent you from switching to the exclusive graphics drive necessary for GPU mining
therefore, if you encounter this program error, go to & quot; "Software and update" update & quot; Select & quot; Pre release reliable update proposal & quot;. Then, back to & quot; Software and updates 〉 extra drives & quot; Set to & quot; Use the video driver & quot; from fglrx for AMD graphics accelerator;. After restarting, it's worth checking that the drive is now properly installed (for example, by going to & quot; Additional drives & quot;)
no matter what you do, if you are using 14.04.02, once installed, do not change the drive or drive configuration. For example, the use of aticonfig – initial (especially the - F, - force option) will & quot; Destruction & quot; Your settings. If you accidentally change the configuration, you will need to uninstall the drive, restart, install the drive again and restart.

3.

Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract function. It provides decentralized virtual machine (Ethereum virtual machine) to process point-to-point contract through its special cryptocurrency ether (also known as "Ethereum")

The token on the

blockchain is called ether, and the code is eth. It can be traded in many foreign exchange markets of cryptocurrency, and it is also the medium used to pay transaction fees and computing services on Ethereum

the concept of Ethereum was first proposed by vitalik buterin, a programmer, from 2013 to 2014, inspired by bitcoin, with the general meaning of "next generation cryptocurrency and decentralized application platform", and began to develop through ICO crowdfunding in 2014. As of February 2018, Ethernet is the second highest cryptocurrency in market value, second only to bitcoin

extended data:

Ethereum platform has no characteristics and value. Like programming languages, it's up to entrepreneurs and developers to decide what to use. However, it is clear that some application types benefit more from the functions of Ethereum than others. Ethereum is especially suitable for those applications that automatically interact directly between points or promote group coordination activities across networks

for example, coordinate the application of point-to-point market, or the automation of complex financial contracts. Bitcoin enables indivials to exchange money without the help of financial institutions, banks or governments. The impact of Ethereum may be more profound

in theory, any complex financial activities or transactions can be automatically and reliably carried out on Ethereum with coding. In addition to financial applications, any application scenario with high requirements for trust, security and persistence, such as asset registration, voting, management and Internet of things, will be affected by Ethereum platform on a large scale

4. GBK
Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract function, which provides decentralized virtual machine (Ethereum virtual machine) to process point-to-point contract through its special cryptocurrency Ethereum. The concept of Ethereum was first inspired by bitcoin by vitalik buterin, a programmer, between 2013 and 2014, and now it's 2.0. Ethereum 2.0 is also something that the whole coin circle is waiting for. In order to celebrate the birth of the genesis block of eth2.0 on December 1, chinacoin officially supports the exchange of eth2.0 verification nodes at 17:00 Hong Kong time on November 20, 2020. It will invest its own eth in the verification node mining and exchange qeth to obtain liquidity. It will participate in the mining as soon as the exchange is received. Now it will give back to the user's welfare. The top 1000 eth enjoy the over exchange of qeth according to the ratio of 1:1.02. Compared with eth2.0, qeth has too many advantages: liquidity is guaranteed, users do not need to bear the technical cost, the threshold of participation does not need 32 eth, as low as 0.1eth, nodes are maintained by the platform, and the revenue is distributed according to eth2.0< br /> < br /> < br /> 

5. Ethereum also uses blockchain technology, but it is more convenient to use than bitcoin's blockchain Turing, which is complete and open source. Anyone can create their own application on the basis of Ethereum

6.

First of all, we need to understand what is MLM:

MLM refers to the illegal behavior of organizers and development personnel to obtain wealth by calculating and paying remuneration to the developed personnel based on the number or performance of the personnel directly or indirectly developed, or requiring the developed personnel to pay certain fees to obtain the qualification to join. The essence of MLM is "Ponzi scheme", that is to say, the money of later comers is distributed to the income of former comers

However, the new type of MLM does not restrict personal freedom, does not accept ID cards and mobile phones, and does not take classes collectively. Instead, it uses capital operation as a banner to pull people to cheat money, drives luxury cars, wears gold and silver, and uses money to attract your relatives and friends to join in, and finally makes you lose all your money

then judge whether the ether coin is a kind of MLM, whether you need membership fee, whether you need to ask your relatives and friends to join

extended materials:

Ethereum is an underlying technology platform on which developers can create distributed applications. With the application, there will be transactions. With a transaction, you need money to complete the transaction. In this way, money has value, and investors' investment has a return. If the transaction volume on the platform is larger and larger, the demand for money will be higher and higher, and the money will be more and more valuable

from the perspective of image, bitcoin creates a kind of digital gold, while Ethereum creates a country, and Ethereum is the credit currency of the country

after bitcoin, there are thousands of digital virtual currencies in the world, many of which are completely deceptive in the guise of "digital currency". Previously, Haikou Municipal Public Security cracked down on a pyramid selling organization called "Eurasian currency", which operated on the internet pyramid selling platform, making more than 40000 investors cheated, involving 4.06 billion yuan. The field of virtual currency has just started, so we need to be cautious

resources : Ethernet money network

7.

It does not belong to MLM

Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract function, which provides decentralized virtual machine (Ethereum virtual machine) to process point-to-point contract through its special cryptocurrency Ethereum

the concept of Ethereum was first proposed by vitalik buterin, a programmer, from 2013 to 2014, inspired by bitcoin, to the effect of "next generation cryptocurrency and decentralized application platform", and began to develop through crowdfunding in 2014. The market value of Ethernet currency is second only to bitcoin, and it is the second largest encrypted digital currency in the world

extended data

bitcoin has created the first decentralized cryptocurrency, and has fully tested the feasibility and security of blockchain technology in more than five years. In fact, bitcoin's blockchain is a set of distributed database. If a symbol bitcoin is added into it and a set of protocol is specified, the symbol can be transferred safely on the database without trusting a third party. The combination of these features perfectly constructs a currency transmission system bitcoin network

however, bitcoin is not perfect, and the scalability of the protocol is a deficiency. For example, there is only one symbol in the bitcoin Network - bitcoin, and users can't customize other symbols. These symbols can represent the company's stocks or debt certificates, which will lose some functions

In addition, a stack based scripting language is used in bitcoin protocol. Although this language has some flexibility to realize functions such as multi signature, it is not enough to build more advanced applications, such as decentralized exchanges. Ethereum is designed to solve the problem of insufficient scalability of bitcoin

8. Ethereum is not a scam, but there are countless scams designed by criminals around Ethereum. The best way to avoid Ethereum scams is not to trust the guaranteed return on investment and manage your own money bag. Choose a formal digital currency exchange to invest. At present, the mainstream digital currency transactions in the market are all coin security, fire coin network, bitnet, etc.

9.

Transaction

the behavior of blockchain transaction follows different rule sets

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e to the distributed and unlicensed nature of public blockchain, anyone can sign the transaction and broadcast it to the network

according to different blockchains, traders will be charged a certain transaction fee, which depends on the needs of users rather than the value of assets in the transaction

blockchain transactions do not require any central authority verification. It only needs to use the digital signature algorithm (DSA) corresponding to its blockchain to sign it with the private key

once a transaction is signed, broadcast to the network and mined into a successful block in the network, the transaction cannot be recovered

Ethereum transaction structure

Ethereum transaction data structure: transaction 0.1 eth

{
& 39; nonce':&# 39; 0x00', // Decimal: 0
& 39; gasLimit': &# 39; 0x5208', // Decimal system: 21000
& 39; gasPrice': &# 39; 0x3b9aca00', // Decimal system: 10000000000
& 39; to': &# 39;&# 39; ，// Sending address
& 39; value': &# 39; 0x16345785d8a0000',// 100000000000000000 ，10^17
' data': &# 39; 0x', // Decimal representation of null data; chainId': 1 / / blockchain network ID
}

these data have nothing to do with the transaction content, but have something to do with the execution mode of the transaction. This is because when you send a transaction in Ethereum, you must define some other parameters to tell miners how to handle your transaction. Transaction data structure has two attribute designs & quot; gas": & quot; gasPrice",& quot; gasLimit"

" gasPrice": The unit is Gwei, which is 1 / 1000 eth, indicating the transaction cost

& quot; gasLimit": The maximum gas charge allowed for the transaction

these two values are usually filled in automatically by the wallet provider

in addition, you need to specify which Ethereum network to execute the transaction (chainid): 1 represents the Ethereum main network

ring development, tests are usually carried out locally and on the test network, and transactions are carried out through the test eth issued by the test network to avoid economic losses. After the test, enter the main network transaction

in addition, if you need to submit some other data, you can use & quot; data" And & quot; nonce" Attach as part of a transaction

a nonce (number used only once) is the value used by Ethereum to track transactions, which helps to avoid double spending and replay attacks in the network

Ethereum transaction signature

Ethereum transaction involves ECDSA algorithm. Taking JavaScript code as an example, the popular ethers.js is used to call ECDSA algorithm for transaction signature

const ethers = require(' ethers')

const signer = new ethers.Wallet(' Wallet address

signer.signTransaction({

' nonce':&# 39; 0x00', // Decimal: 0

& 39; gasLimit': &# 39; 0x5208', // Decimal: 21000

& 39; gasPrice': &# 39; 0x3b9aca00', // Decimal 10000000000

& 39; to': &# 39;&# 39; ，// Sending address

& 39; value': &# 39; 0x16345785d8a0000',// 100000000000000000 ，10^17

' data': &# 39; 0x', // Decimal representation of null data

& 39; chainId': 1 / / blockchain network ID

})

. Then (console. Log)

you can use the online application composer to deliver signed transactions to Ethereum. This is known as "offline signature.". Offline signatures are particularly useful for applications such as status channels, which are smart contracts that track the balance between two accounts and transfer funds after a signed transaction is submitted. Offline signature is also a common practice in dexes

you can also use online wallet to create signature verification and broadcast through Ethereum account

with Portis, you can sign a transaction to interact with the gas station network (GSN)

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