Ethereum DAG file
Publish: 2021-05-16 00:40:14
1. At present, most of the mainstream Ethereum mining machines in the market come from bitmainland and Jianan Yun. However, with the decline of Ethereum's price, the profits brought by mining have been very meager. Investors can choose to invest in Ethereum on the digital currency exchange. At present, the mainstream digital currency transactions in the market are all coin security, fire coin network, bitnet, etc.
2. 1、 Recharge
1. Login Z? B account, click finance
2. Select the abbreviated currency of quantum currency and click "recharge". After creating an account, the system will automatically assign you a recharge address to which you can recharge
3. After network confirmation, you can get to your account.
1. Login Z? B account, click finance
2. Select the abbreviated currency of quantum currency and click "recharge". After creating an account, the system will automatically assign you a recharge address to which you can recharge
3. After network confirmation, you can get to your account.
3. Currency tiger global transaction fees platform currency can also be halved, overall not bad
4. DAG (directed acyclic graph) is a common data structure in the computer field. Because of some characteristics brought by the unique topology structure, it is often used to deal with dynamic planning, search for the shortest path in navigation, data compression and other scenes. Since 15 years ago, the concept of blockchain has been singled out. Before that, blockchain was just a data structure in bitcoin technology, and when block and chain were connected in Nakamoto's white paper, it was just a chain of blocks. With the emergence of the concept of Ethereum decentralized computer, many people began to call Ethereum blockchain 2.0, while bitcoin was classified as blockchain 1.0. As for blockchain 3.0, in order to seize the naming right of blockchain 3.0, it may be DAG.
5. Dag can find a good balance in decentralization and scalability, which also follows the traditional values of blockchain.
6. We say that the blockchain is not mature at present, and there are various problems, such as slow processing speed, high handling charges, security risks and so on. These are the most intuitive experience of users, and the experience is not very good. Another problem of blockchain is high concurrency
let's talk about the problem of high concurrency. High concurrency is a problem in the computer field. In short, the problem of high concurrency is that the system cannot run multiple tasks at the same time smoothly
many tasks are running at the same time, and a large number of users rush in. The system can't bear so many tasks. There will be high concurrency problems, and your system will be stuck, just like the 12306 system is always stuck ring the Spring Festival, which may be caused by the high concurrency problems
the traditional Internet still has the problem of high concurrency, which naturally exists in the blockchain network. After all, the maturity of the blockchain is still far behind that of the traditional Internet. However, if there is no safe, reliable and efficient public chain, the development of the whole blockchain instry will be seriously restricted, and the application landing is empty talk
in this context, DAG technology has been proposed, DAG's full name is "directed acyclic graph", which is translated into "directed acyclic graph" in Chinese
What's the matter with DAG directed acyclic graph and what role it can play? Let's explain< Dag: a new data structure
DAG, Chinese name is "directed acyclic graph", literally, "directed & quot; That is to say, it has direction,
"no loop" means that it has no loop and cannot form a closed loop. Therefore, DAG is actually a new type of data structure. This data structure has direction and can not form a closed loop
in terms of traditional blocks, we always take "block" as the unit, and a block often contains multiple transaction information. In DAG, there is no concept of block. Instead, it takes "unit" as the unit. Each unit records the transaction of a single user. The unit is not a block, but a transaction. In this way, the time of packing blocks can be saved
in short, the biggest difference between blockchain and DAG directed acyclic graph is that blockchain is one block after another to store and verify the distributed ledger of transactions, while DAG regards each transaction as a block, and each transaction can be linked to multiple previous transactions for verification< Second, the working principle of DAG
in the traditional blockchain, take bitcoin as an example, it is a single chain structure. The blocks are arranged according to the time stamp sequence (as shown in Figure 1), and the data is recorded on a main chain. To use an inappropriate metaphor, this "single chain" structure is a chain arranged word by word
there is only one single chain in the blockchain, so it can not be executed concurrently when the block is packaged. The new block will be added to the original longest chain, and all nodes will follow the longest chain and continue to spread infinitely in the order of timestamp. For DAG, each newly added unit is not only added to one unit of the longest chain, but also to all previous units (as shown in Figure 2)
for example: suppose I publish a new transaction, and there are two effective transaction units in DAG structure, then my transaction unit will actively link to the previous two at the same time to verify and confirm until it is linked to Genesis unit, and the hash of the previous unit will be included in its own unit
in other words, if you want to make a transaction, you have to verify the previous transaction, specifically several transactions, according to different rules. This verification method enables DAG to write many transactions asynchronously and concurrently, and finally forms a topological tree structure, which greatly improves the scalability
according to DAG directed acyclic graph, every transaction is directly involved in the maintenance of the whole network. When the transaction is initiated, the whole network is broadcast directly, skipping the block packing stage. In this way, the time of block packing is saved, and the transaction processing efficiency of the blockchain is improved
with the increase of time, the blockchains of all transactions are interconnected to form a graph structure. If you want to change the data, it is not just the problem of several blocks, but the data change of the whole block diagram. Dag is more complex and difficult to change
to sum up, DAG, as a new type of decentralized data structure, belongs to a kind of generalized blockchain and has the attribute of decentralization. However, the differences between the two are as follows:
the composition unit of blockchain is block and the composition unit of DAG is TX
blockchain is single threaded, DAG is multi-threaded
all transactions of blockchain are recorded in the same block, and each transaction of DAG is recorded in each transaction separately
blockchain needs miners, DAG doesn't need miners< (3) representative of DAG: iota is undoubtedly the most famous representative project of DAG. It can be said that it is precisely because iota, the currency, broke into the fourth place in market value in the second half of 2017 that people really realized its underlying technology: DAG directed acyclic graph
iota puts forward the concept of "entanglement" on the basis of DAG directed acyclic graph. In iota, there is no concept of block, and the minimum unit of consensus is transaction. Each transaction will refer to the past two transaction records hash, so that the previous transaction will prove the legitimacy of the past two transactions and indirectly prove the legitimacy of all previous transactions. In this way, a small number of nodes such as miners in the traditional blockchain are no longer needed to verify transactions and package blocks, so as to improve efficiency and save transaction costs< Fourth, the current situation of DAG
although DAG directed acyclic graph can make up for some disadvantages of traditional blockchain in theory, it is not mature at present, and it has been applied to the field of digital currency for a short time
it did not take as long as 10 years to verify the security of the whole system as bitcoin did, nor did it achieve a wide range of application scenarios as Ethereum did. However, some voices now propose to adopt the data structure of "traditional blockchain + DAG", but there is no outstanding case, so I won't say more here
to sum up, in this section, we introce the derivative technology of blockchain: DAG directed acyclic graph, which is a new data structure, and can significantly improve the efficiency and power of blockchain transaction processing.
let's talk about the problem of high concurrency. High concurrency is a problem in the computer field. In short, the problem of high concurrency is that the system cannot run multiple tasks at the same time smoothly
many tasks are running at the same time, and a large number of users rush in. The system can't bear so many tasks. There will be high concurrency problems, and your system will be stuck, just like the 12306 system is always stuck ring the Spring Festival, which may be caused by the high concurrency problems
the traditional Internet still has the problem of high concurrency, which naturally exists in the blockchain network. After all, the maturity of the blockchain is still far behind that of the traditional Internet. However, if there is no safe, reliable and efficient public chain, the development of the whole blockchain instry will be seriously restricted, and the application landing is empty talk
in this context, DAG technology has been proposed, DAG's full name is "directed acyclic graph", which is translated into "directed acyclic graph" in Chinese
What's the matter with DAG directed acyclic graph and what role it can play? Let's explain< Dag: a new data structure
DAG, Chinese name is "directed acyclic graph", literally, "directed & quot; That is to say, it has direction,
"no loop" means that it has no loop and cannot form a closed loop. Therefore, DAG is actually a new type of data structure. This data structure has direction and can not form a closed loop
in terms of traditional blocks, we always take "block" as the unit, and a block often contains multiple transaction information. In DAG, there is no concept of block. Instead, it takes "unit" as the unit. Each unit records the transaction of a single user. The unit is not a block, but a transaction. In this way, the time of packing blocks can be saved
in short, the biggest difference between blockchain and DAG directed acyclic graph is that blockchain is one block after another to store and verify the distributed ledger of transactions, while DAG regards each transaction as a block, and each transaction can be linked to multiple previous transactions for verification< Second, the working principle of DAG
in the traditional blockchain, take bitcoin as an example, it is a single chain structure. The blocks are arranged according to the time stamp sequence (as shown in Figure 1), and the data is recorded on a main chain. To use an inappropriate metaphor, this "single chain" structure is a chain arranged word by word
there is only one single chain in the blockchain, so it can not be executed concurrently when the block is packaged. The new block will be added to the original longest chain, and all nodes will follow the longest chain and continue to spread infinitely in the order of timestamp. For DAG, each newly added unit is not only added to one unit of the longest chain, but also to all previous units (as shown in Figure 2)
for example: suppose I publish a new transaction, and there are two effective transaction units in DAG structure, then my transaction unit will actively link to the previous two at the same time to verify and confirm until it is linked to Genesis unit, and the hash of the previous unit will be included in its own unit
in other words, if you want to make a transaction, you have to verify the previous transaction, specifically several transactions, according to different rules. This verification method enables DAG to write many transactions asynchronously and concurrently, and finally forms a topological tree structure, which greatly improves the scalability
according to DAG directed acyclic graph, every transaction is directly involved in the maintenance of the whole network. When the transaction is initiated, the whole network is broadcast directly, skipping the block packing stage. In this way, the time of block packing is saved, and the transaction processing efficiency of the blockchain is improved
with the increase of time, the blockchains of all transactions are interconnected to form a graph structure. If you want to change the data, it is not just the problem of several blocks, but the data change of the whole block diagram. Dag is more complex and difficult to change
to sum up, DAG, as a new type of decentralized data structure, belongs to a kind of generalized blockchain and has the attribute of decentralization. However, the differences between the two are as follows:
the composition unit of blockchain is block and the composition unit of DAG is TX
blockchain is single threaded, DAG is multi-threaded
all transactions of blockchain are recorded in the same block, and each transaction of DAG is recorded in each transaction separately
blockchain needs miners, DAG doesn't need miners< (3) representative of DAG: iota is undoubtedly the most famous representative project of DAG. It can be said that it is precisely because iota, the currency, broke into the fourth place in market value in the second half of 2017 that people really realized its underlying technology: DAG directed acyclic graph
iota puts forward the concept of "entanglement" on the basis of DAG directed acyclic graph. In iota, there is no concept of block, and the minimum unit of consensus is transaction. Each transaction will refer to the past two transaction records hash, so that the previous transaction will prove the legitimacy of the past two transactions and indirectly prove the legitimacy of all previous transactions. In this way, a small number of nodes such as miners in the traditional blockchain are no longer needed to verify transactions and package blocks, so as to improve efficiency and save transaction costs< Fourth, the current situation of DAG
although DAG directed acyclic graph can make up for some disadvantages of traditional blockchain in theory, it is not mature at present, and it has been applied to the field of digital currency for a short time
it did not take as long as 10 years to verify the security of the whole system as bitcoin did, nor did it achieve a wide range of application scenarios as Ethereum did. However, some voices now propose to adopt the data structure of "traditional blockchain + DAG", but there is no outstanding case, so I won't say more here
to sum up, in this section, we introce the derivative technology of blockchain: DAG directed acyclic graph, which is a new data structure, and can significantly improve the efficiency and power of blockchain transaction processing.
7. Many softwares proce this dat file extension. The dat file here refers to the one seen from the VCD disc. When you open the VCD disc with a computer, you can find a mpegav directory, which is similar to music01.dat or avseq01.dat. This dat file is also in mpg format, which is generated by VCD recording software automatically converting MPEG-1 files conforming to VCD standard
. Dat is not a standard file. Many software use this extension, but the meaning of the file is different. For example, VCD file is. DAT, and many data analysis software also use this extension to save data. So it depends on the specific software situation
if the email file you receive is winmail.dat, it means that it is in the tNef format sent by outlook. It can be used in
http://www.biblet.com Download wmdecode to release the files in it. The software does not need to be installed, just wmdecode.exe to the computer. Run on the command line:
wmcode
your. Dat file name
for more details, please refer to the readme file
if you want to open it
you can use players such as "hero Jieba" or "storm video". These two players are all over the Internet. You can also try Notepad
. Dat is not a standard file. Many software use this extension, but the meaning of the file is different. For example, VCD file is. DAT, and many data analysis software also use this extension to save data. So it depends on the specific software situation
if the email file you receive is winmail.dat, it means that it is in the tNef format sent by outlook. It can be used in
http://www.biblet.com Download wmdecode to release the files in it. The software does not need to be installed, just wmdecode.exe to the computer. Run on the command line:
wmcode
your. Dat file name
for more details, please refer to the readme file
if you want to open it
you can use players such as "hero Jieba" or "storm video". These two players are all over the Internet. You can also try Notepad
8. You need to have the file software to open it. This is the format required by the file
9. The distance from Hengyang City to Changde City is about 360 kilometers. You can take a bus from Hengyang central bus station (i.e. West Bus Station) at 7:50 a.m. for more than five hours. The ticket price is 89 yuan (spring transportation 105). A non bus at 2:40 p.m. costs 70, which is a little longer. Train number departure arrival departure arrival arrival arrival operation time k9072 / k9073 Hengyang Changde 01:43 - 06:525 hours 9 minutes 1296 / 1297 Hengyang Changde 02:21 - 08:185 hours 57 minutes k9076 Hengyang Changde 03:32 - 08:314 hours 59 minutes 1008 / 1009 Hengyang Changde 04:17 - 10:416 hours 24 minutes k645 / k648 Hengyang Changde 16:45 - 21:224 hours 37 minutes ticket price is about 59 yuan. According to different train numbers
10. This section is the most crowded
there are 18 stops from 5 km to Jintong Road Station
the direct flight is 43 minutes
many flights to Longtou temple. So you have to add another five minutes to the transfer time.
there are 18 stops from 5 km to Jintong Road Station
the direct flight is 43 minutes
many flights to Longtou temple. So you have to add another five minutes to the transfer time.
Hot content