How to invest in Ethereum Alliance
bitcoin network is actually a set of distributed database, while Ethereum can be further seen as a distributed computer: the blockchain is the ROM of the computer, the contract is the program, and the miners of Ethereum are responsible for the calculation and play the role of CPU. This computer is not and can't be used for free, otherwise anyone can store all kinds of junk information and perform all kinds of trivial calculations in it. To use it, you need to pay at least the calculation fee and storage fee, as well as other expenses
the most famous enterprise Ethereum alliance was established in early 2017 by more than 20 top financial institutions and technology companies in the world, including JPMorgan Chase, Chicago Board of exchange group, Bank of New York Mellon, Thomson Reuters, Microsoft, Intel and Accenture. And Ethereum's cryptocurrency, Ethereum, has recently become a popular asset after bitcoin
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about the variability of blockchain
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eth, if most people agree to modify the chain, that is, variability, then they can modify the blockchain records and contracts
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etc, blockchain records and contracts can't be modified, that is, they can't be tampered with
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here are the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods
The advantage of -
variability is that people can make timely changes to make the right decisions. Therefore, modifying the specification is more practical than finding loopholes
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non modifiability means that no matter how smart people are at that time, it is impossible not to make mistakes. Therefore, when problems arise in this scheme, it is best to find and solve the loopholes through the existing legal framework
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differences in development
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eth, whether it is intentionally arranged or since its birth, the core decisions of blockchain are made by Ethereum foundation with the participation of the community and most of them are developed by it
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etc, the decision-making of blockchain is mainly decided by the feedback of three loose, collaborative teams with community participation
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in any case, anyone can put forward improvement suggestions for the two kinds of blockchains. This is the benefit of open source, and it is also very common. You will find that developers of the two chains communicate with each other through GitHub and reddit. I hope to improve the frequency of communication in order to achieve the common goal
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about compatibility
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at present, the two kinds of blockchains are compatible with each other. Contracts or applications written by eth can be applied on etc, and vice versa
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eth, focusing on ewasm, is committed to providing a platform for more and more developers, while the issue of contract security is secondary, such as viper
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etc focuses on making developers create more secure contracts, such as viper, iohk research, at the cost of consuming the number of potential developers
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it's obvious that both chains can accept each other, regardless of whether their wishes are the same or not. My view is that the number of developers is not necessarily related to the quality of the proct
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about the transaction speed
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eth, the average is 25 seconds, which will be shortened after upgrading
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etc, with an average time of 14 seconds, maintained at 10-14 seconds after upgrade, according to ecip-1010 and ecip-1036 protocols
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about the block capacity
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eth, with the daily trading volume of eth graally reaching 5 million, the block capacity is graally saturated. This situation is similar to the recent transaction cost of bitcoin. This problem can be solved by expanding the block capacity by increasing the default fuel limit
ETC, At present, there is still a lot of room for block capacity. As more and more people accept etc, the block capacity will also increase, just like eth
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about community
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eth, mainly discuss on reddit
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etc, mainly discuss on slack
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about monetary policy
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eth, the planned supply is growing steadily, resulting in an average inflation of 3% in eth blockchain in its life cycle
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etc, before 2025, inflation will reach 3%, and then the total supply will reach 200 million etc, and then there will be deflation
As for the regional distribution of trading volume, China accounts for 20%, South Korea 25% and the United States 25% In etc, China accounts for 50%, South Korea 25% and the United States 10% About securities, at present, investors do not have the option to trade securities. Recently, one of eth's ETFs, trading open-end index funds, was denied by the regulators -
etc owns etc trading trust, which allows investors to own etc instead of the asset itself
etc (Ethereum Classic) is a bifurcated currency that Ethereum hard bifurcates after 1920000 blocks, and its function is very similar to Ethereum. Etc adheres to the concept of decentralization and supports the consensus mechanism of blockchain guarantee. Etc firmly believes that once the blockchain starts to run, its development direction will not be controlled by any central team, but will be determined by the consensus of the people participating in the whole network and the consensus of the computing power of the whole network
the Ethereum blockchain hard branching in July 2016 aims to transfer the Dao funds stolen by hackers to an account controlled by investors, and let the old transaction records be forgotten by history. Most Ethereum developers are involved in the reversal, as are exchanges, startups and other members of the ecosystem. A few days later, the project returned to normal. But not everyone wants to forget the old record. As a result, a small number of miners continued to use the original blockchain as a protest. They described the hard fork as a capital withdrawal for the abandoned project of the Dao. So Ethereum classic (etc) was born
2. Detailed parameters
Chinese Name: Ethereum classic English Name: Ethereum classic English abbreviation: etc
developer: Ethereum Classic team core algorithm: ethash consensus proof: POW
release date: 2016 / 7 / 20 block time: About 15-17 seconds / block
total currency: fixed at 210 million, up to 230 million, Every 5 million blocks decelerate by 20%, and the first proction rection is expected to be in December 2017
main features: independent cryptocurrency
Bitcoin has opened the era of blockchain 1.0, which is characterized by providing a different way of thinking for value transfer, that is, value transfer no longer depends on centralized institutions such as banks. During this period, as more and more people were familiar with bitcoin, many people began to learn from the idea of bitcoin, so a large number of counterfeit coins appeared
the reason why these counterfeit coins are called "counterfeit coins" is that their source code is similar to that of bitcoin, and there is no substantive breakthrough. They also have the shortcomings of bitcoin, and there is no breakthrough improvement. However, people do not have the problem of bitcoin. Many people in the bitcoin community hope to solve these problems through a variety of technical means, so as to make the bitcoin system perfect
Among them, there is a Russian teenager named vitalik buterin, who is also eager to make up for the shortcomings of bitcoin system as soon as possiblefirst, you play games in a lively way, while others play games as gatekeepers
when he was 13 years old, he was a typical Internet addict, addicted to world of Warcraft. One day, the game company of world of Warcraft suddenly cancelled his favorite warlock "life siphon" skill. He was very angry and contacted the company many times to restore the skill. However, the game company did not agree
as a result, Butlin began to reflect that in Internet games, players, as participants, are actually very weak. The strong ones are game developers, who are the center of a game. Has the final say that the game player has no say what the developers want to do, and can only choose to accept or leave passively. p>
Butlin realized the disadvantages of centralization through "world of Warcraft", so he began to look for ways to break the centralization. Butlin realized bitcoin from his father, a programmer, and became so interested that he decided to give up the aura of a famous university and drop out of the University of Waterloo to travel around the world to exchange and learn with blockchain enthusiasts all over the world
at that time, bitcoin enthusiasts were going all out to add more functionality to bitcoin and build bitcoin 2.0. But Butlin believes that the establishment of a new programming language is bitcoin's top priority. So, at the age of 19, Butlin wrote a new white paper, which is the rudiment of Ethereum white paper. Butlin mentioned in the white paper
: he hopes to create a variety of applications based on the common programming language, such as social networking, trading, games... These ideas have been strongly echoed by the bitcoin community, and more and more people have joined in the design of Ethereum. Finally, this project was named "Ethereum" by Butlin, because "Ethereum" is a kind of material that has not been confirmed under scientific theory, implying Butlin's expectation for the project
in June 2015, Ethereum officially released
in the next two years, Ethereum's cryptocurrency "Ethereum" became the most popular digital asset after bitcoin. The price of Ethereum increased 85 times in 2017, and more than 20 global top financial institutions and technology companies, such as JPMorgan Chase, Chicago Board of exchange, Microsoft, Intel and Accenture, established the enterprise Ethereum alliance, Butlin has become a blockchain God "V God" from a young boy
2. The great potential of Ethereum to activate blockchain
the emergence of Ethereum has activated the great potential behind blockchain. Why do you say that
the breakthrough of Ethereum is that it not only upgrades the blockchain to an operating system, so that you can develop an application chain on this basis, but also allows you to publish your own tokens in a very simple way
different from bitcoin's preset trading system operation, Ethereum is a programmable blockchain:
Ethereum allows users to create their own operations that meet their needs and have different degrees of complexity. In this sense, Ethereum is a platform. This "platform" has built a relatively complete "system", which is a bit similar to Android and apple. Application developers can develop various applications on this system
this setting makes Ethereum break through the single "monetary function" of bitcoin, and expand the application scenarios of blockchain technology to all aspects. Now, for example, we can do a lot of things through mobile app: paying fees, ordering meals, taking a taxi, shopping and so on. Similarly, developers can develop DAPP (blockchain application) on Ethereum. In the future, you can use DAPP to replace app, paying fees, ordering meals, taking a taxi, shopping and so on. Ethereum gives us these beautiful visions
Thirdly, the consensus mechanism of Ethereum is different from that of bitcoin. As we mentioned earlier, bitcoin decides its bookkeeping rights through the consensus mechanism of pow. Although the security index of pow is high, the energy consumption and cost of mining are huge, and the transaction processing speed is still very slow. Therefore, Ethereum further enriched the technology of bitcoin and proposed a new mining mechanism, namely, proof of interest (POS) The "proof of equity" proposed by Ethereum is similar to the shareholder mechanism. The more shares people have, the easier they are to obtain the bookkeeping right. It is a system of interest distribution according to the amount and time of holding money. The core logic of POS mechanism is: who holds the currency, who has the control of the network. It should be noted that in the POS mechanism, there is still computing power mining, which needs to solve a mathematical problem. However, the difficulty of the mathematical problem is related to the "age" of the coin holder. The longer the coin holder holds the coin, the easier the difficulty will be, and the greater the probability of digging the coin Fourthly, the controversial ICOEthereum is an open source system, similar to the current Android and apple systems. Developers can develop various applications on it. Most of the ICO projects are based on Ethereum. If developers want to develop blockchain applications (DAPP) on Ethereum, they need to raise certain funds through ICO as operation and maintenance costs
The concept of ICO was very popular in 2017, which was once considered as the main reason for the bull market in 2017 What's the matter with ICO? ICO (initial coin offering) is a way to raise funds for digital currency / blockchain projects. Because the token has market value, it can be converted into legal currency. In this way, it can be used as the development cost of the project. And early participants can get the initial issue of digital currency in returngenerally speaking, if a blockchain game company announces: we are going to issue money for private placement (ICO)! If you are particularly optimistic about this project, if you want to participate, you need to buy a certain number of Ethereum and call the wallet address of the blockchain game project party, which is equivalent to that you have participated in the crowdfunding (ICO) of the blockchain game project party. When the currency of this blockchain game company can be traded on the exchange, then they will pay you back according to certain rules
it seems that ICO in blockchain field is similar to IPO in stock field, isn't it? you 're right! In fact, ICO in the blockchain field is very similar to IPO in the stock field. Let's take a look at their general explanation:
IPO refers to an enterprise or company (limited company) selling its shares to the public for the first time
ICO refers to an enterprise or company (mostly blockchain start-ups) selling its token to the public for the first time
however, normally speaking, it is very difficult for an enterprise or company to go through the IPO process. It is very difficult to go through "BP seed round Angel round a round B round C round D pre IPO IPO IPO" without five to eight years. However, ICO in the field of blockchain can only be realized in three to eight months by "white paper - cornerstone investment - Private Placement -
- ICO - Stock Exchange"
This is also the reason why ICO is controversial. At present, many countries define ICO as an illegal act. It is not unreasonable to ban ICO, because at present, the state has no relevant supervision on this aspect, so it is very easy for the project party to illegally raise funds and circle money, which not only causes great losses to investors, but also disrupts the normal financial order Fifthly, the most important feature of Ethereum is the introction of "smart contract". What does smart contract mean? Smart contract is to define a set of trading rules in the form of code. In our daily life, we usually sign paper contracts, and the implementation of paper contracts needs centralized institutions, that is, the court to supervise. The "smart contract" proposed by Ethereum is to realize decentralized automatic execution through programthe account called "smart contract account" will only be executed according to the code. This technology has a wide range of applications, including insurance, equity, trust and so on. It can be said that this technology can be applied to all activities that need trust
Sixth, the significance of Ethereum: it represents the blockchain 2.0 era. After the glorious period of 2017, now, in the face of bear market, some ICO projects are worried about being tired by the bear market and cash out one after another, leading to a sharp drop in the price of Ethereum. V God, the founder of Ethereum, is also deeply involved in all kinds of rumors. There are often rumors that he is going to quit Ethereum and he is running away However, Ethereum is indeed a leap forward in blockchain technology, which represents the era of blockchain2.0. If bitcoin represents the era of blockchain 1.0, it provides new ideas and new methods for value transfer; Then, the blockchain 2.0 era represented by Ethereum makes the commercial application of blockchain possible
the first stage: the basic theory of blockchain technology is suitable for students who have various needs for blockchain technology. It is the most comprehensive and up-to-date curriculum system at present. With the rapid appreciation of bitcoin, blockchain technology has become more and more sought after and studied by people from all walks of life, Or from the perspective of technology research and development, this set of courses are very suitable for you to download and learn. Schele: Lesson 1 ICO & amp; EOS understands the risks of ICO and ICO projects, How to judge whether an ICO is reliable lesson 2 the past and present of bitcoin blockchain understand the origin and related background knowledge of bitcoin and blockchain lesson 3 cryptography master the necessary knowledge of blockchain related cryptography lesson 4 bitcoin transaction in-depth discussion of what happened behind bitcoin transaction lesson 5 block generation and link in-depth discussion of how blockchain is generated Lesson 6 bifurcation principle of blockchain and how to operate the coins in hand before and after the bifurcation Lesson 7 how does the wallet know how much money I have and how to hold the coins in hand more safely Lesson 8 mining understanding the history and principle of mining, Experience mining in bitcoin regression test environment Lesson 9 blockchain security, understand the security problems of blockchain, how to "steal" other people's money Lesson 10 smart contract learn the principle of blockchain 2.0 smart contract, understand how the smart contract is written and run
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stage 2: introction to blockchain technology research and development, Blockchain technology is a very popular new technology at present, which is highly praised by large IT companies and experts all over the world. Not long ago, the blockchain technology platform enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA) announced its formal establishment, and nearly 30 giants including JPMorgan Chase, Microsoft and Intel joined in. Extremely optimistic about the future of Ethereum. At present, the term blockchain is very popular, but few people really understand blockchain technology. If you no longer want to be a onlooker, you are welcome to learn this course. After learning this course, you can master the following contents: deeply master the blockchain technology, understand what mining is, learn how to build your own blockchain network, how to publish your own applications on your own blockchain network or enterprise Ethernet network, and how to write smart contracts, Blockchain technology applications. This course is based on practical teaching, mainly teaching front-line practical skills, to ensure that students can quickly learn to apply! Timetable: 1. Introction to blockchain 1.1 introction to blockchain technology 1.2 blockchain platform, Ethereum, an open source blockchain technology platform 1.3 Ethereum working principle, Ethereum virtual machine, account 1.4 what can Ethereum do, Blockchain technology application appreciation 1.5 Ethereum white paper 2. Client installation and operation 2.1 client installation 2.2 Ethereum account creation and management 2.3 multi signature account 2.4 Ethereum 3. Ethereum network 3.1 Ethernet network type 3.2 building local private network, User defined Genesis block 3.3 mining on local private network 4. Introction to smart contract programming 4.1 Ethereum multiple private nodes networking 4.2 multiple nodes, Introction to writing, deploying and using smart contracts 4.3 introction to development language solidy 4.4 introction to building development environment 4.5 basic variable types 5.solidy complex variable types 5.1 enumeration 5.2 structure 5.3 mapping 5.4 delete 5.5 common attributes and methods of block and transaction 6.solidy method 6.1 anonymous method 6.2 modifier 7.solidy inheritance and event 8.solidid Y programming practice 8.1 smart contract -- "vote" 9.solidy programming practice 9.1 smart contract -- "create your own token" 9.2 smart contract -- "public auction" 10.decentralized application DAPP project practice 10.1 Ethereum Web3 interface 10.2 building Ethereum online wallet 10.3 building the development framework of truss on Windows
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Level 3 In addition to video tutorials, we have also collected a number of classic e-books for students to learn and understand the knowledge of blockchain technology. These e-books are expensive, and published relatively new, reading format is very rich, not just PDF kind, suitable for mobile phone installation of common reading software. Lesson schele: 1. How blockchain will redefine the world; 2. Blockchain Society: decoding global application and investment cases of blockchain; 3. Blockchain Revolution: how bitcoin underlying technology changes currency, technology and technology Business and the world 4. Blockchain: from digital currency to credit society 5. Blockchain: technology driven finance 6. Blockchain: Reshaping economy and the world 7. Illustrated blockchain 8. The age of artificial intelligence, A book reads block chain finance "(Internet plus era enterprise management real battle Series) 9." block chain technology guide "10." block chain: define the new pattern of future finance and economy "11." business block chain: open a new era of encryption economy "12." Accenture ":" block chain + "13." bitcoin "
(1) jaw crusher (tiger mouth): the crushing action is to periodically press the movable jaw plate to the fixed jaw plate to crush the ore block in it
(2)
cone crusher: the ore block is between the inner and outer cones, the outer cone is fixed, and the inner cone swings eccentrically to crush or break the ore block
(3)
roller crusher: in the gap between two opposite rotating round rollers, the ore block is mainly subject to continuous crushing, but it also has the function of grinding and stripping, and the toothed roller surface also has the function of splitting
(4)
impact crusher: the ore block is broken by the impact of fast rotating moving parts. Belong to this category can be divided into: hammer crusher; Cage crusher; Impact crusher<
(5)
grinding machine: the ore is crushed by the impact and grinding of grinding medium (steel ball, steel bar, gravel or ore block) in the rotating cylinder
(6)
other types of crushing mills: A. roller mill: crushing materials by rotating rollers< B. disc mill: the disc rotation of vertical axis or horizontal axis is used as crushing part
C. centrifugal mill. High speed rotating parts and medium are used to proce centrifugal force to complete crushing
D. vibration mill. High frequency vibration is proced by the rotating shaft, which makes the medium and material collide with each other to complete the crushing effect. All kinds of crushers have different specifications, different scope of use. At present, jaw crusher or rotary cone crusher are mostly used for coarse crushing in concentrator; The standard cone crusher is used for intermediate crushing; Short head cone crusher is used for fine crushing.