CIPS digital currency
1. In the case of poor network signal, the payment function of online banking and payment platform is often paralyzed, but even if the central bank has no network, as long as two mobile phones with DC / EP digital wallet touch, the transfer or payment function can be realized
2. digital currency doesn't need to bind any bank account, which gets rid of the control of traditional bank account system
3. Paper currency may be lost or stolen, but digital RMB is completely electronic. Even if the mobile phone is lost, digital RMB will not be lost, and the security index is very high
Digital RMB can meet the normal anonymous needs of consumers, such as micro payment, digital RMB is like cash, the other party can't track your consumption The birth of digital currency can rece the damage to nature; It can also enable the state to effectively check the source of funds, which is very helpful for combating money launderingIn recent years, the people's Bank of China has steadily promoted the R & D pilot work of digital RMB, which has its profound meaning. from the macro level, under the challenge of encrypting assets and stabilizing global currency, this is a positive response fan Yifei, vice president of the people's Bank of China, once wrote an article: "in recent years, encrypted assets such as bitcoin and global stable currency have tried to play their monetary functions, and a new round of game among private currency, foreign currency and legal currency has begun. In response to this situation, it is necessary for the state to use new technologies to digitize M0 and provide a universal base currency for the development of digital economy. " In addition, digital RMB will greatly facilitate the cross-border clearing of RMB, better assist the process of RMB internationalization, and help the people's Bank of China to conct monetary policy more accurately from the medium level, on the one hand, Digital RMB can improve the supervision ability of capital flow . Digital RMB adopts controllable anonymity mechanism. The people's Bank of China has full information and can use technology to analyze transaction data and capital flow, prevent and combat money laundering, terrorist financing, tax evasion and other illegal and criminal acts, and effectively maintain financial stability. But at the same time, the people's Bank of China has made it clear that the traceability is controllable and the privacy of users will not be infringed on the other hand, paper RMB is easy to be damaged in the process of circulation, so it needs to be supplemented and issued all the time. At the same time, anti-counterfeiting technology needs to be continuously improved, so the cost of currency issuance has been high, and the emergence of digital RMB will undoubtedly greatly save this cost from the micro level, Digital RMB will also further improve the efficiency and popularity of electronic payment. Many small shops used to have a view that the fees were too high to work for banks, WeChat and Alipay. In the past, customers had to pay the service charge for credit card stores, and the fees for Alipay were also inevitable. Now digital RMB, on the one hand, does not charge fees, on the other hand, it can arrive at the account in real time, which helps to improve the efficiency of merchant's capital turnover and solve the liquidity problem of small and medium-sized enterprises extended data characteristics of digital RMB Digital RMB is a real currency, behind which is the national credit, and the corresponding relationship with the traditional RMB cash value is 1:1, with legal compensation. Like the traditional paper money, it can only be issued by the central bank. It also follows the traditional two-tier delivery system from the central bank to the operating agencies, that is, the people's Bank of China first converts the digital money to banks or other operating agencies, and then these agencies convert it to the public
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cipscips is the abbreviation of Chartered Institute of purchasing and supply. CIPS has a history of nearly 80 years, with nearly 40000 members from all over the world. It is the largest purchasing and supply professional organization in Europe, and also the professional organization with the largest number of international students and the fastest growing scale of students. CIPS is the leading professional purchasing and supply organization in the world, and the research and Vocational Ecation Certification Center of international purchasing and supply chain instry. Due to CIPS's professional contribution to the world's procurement and supply instry, the queen of England awarded the royal charter to CIPS in 1992. CIPS purchasing and supply professional ethics standard has become an international instry standard, which has been adopted by more than 100 countries in the world<
table of contents
international status of CIPS certification
CIPS certification features
examination organization
CIPS certification level and application conditions
CIPS examination subjects and questions
CIPS network advantages of computer integrated operating system
requirements for obtaining CIPS certification
international status of CIPS certification of Royal Institute of purchasing and supply<
CIPS certification features
examination organization
CIPS certification level and application conditions
CIPS examination subjects and questions
CIPS network advantages
requirements for obtaining CIPS qualification certification
start editing this section of the Royal Institute of purchasing and supply
CIPS registered purchasing and supply manager certification is an important achievement of the Institute in its nearly 100 year history Purchase and supply of the crystallization of professional development contribution. The certification system is perfect, focusing on practical skills training and evaluation; Its standards come from instry practice and serve for instry development. Due to its strict system, the certification enjoys a high reputation in the world and is generally recognized by more than 120 countries on five continents; It has also been widely recognized by many international professional organizations (such as IFPMM, UN, world bank, WTO, etc.). The accreditation has also been recognized by hundreds of universities in the UK and many other countries, such as the University of Birmingham, the University of Queensland, Curtin University of technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University and so on
international status of CIPS certification
* it is a leading professional service organization in the field of global procurement and supply management* It has set up branches and cooperative organizations in many countries and regions in the world* It has in-depth cooperation with the world bank, the United Nations, the European community, the British government and other world professional organizations* Leading the global procurement revolution, its certificate represents the highest professional standard of procurement and supply management in the world
CIPS certification features
* globally recognized teaching quality * strict examination system * constantly updated systematic courses * covering basic learning and professional certification
examination organization
* the examination is held by CIPS in a unified way in the world* Sample Certificate (the actual certificate format is subject to the certificate issued by the Royal Institute of purchasing and supply)
CIPS certification level and application conditions
International Certificate in purchasing & Supply * over 18 years old, and has systematically studied the purchasing and supply courses (studying in school, participating in training courses Or self-study) International Advanced Certificate in purchasing & Supply * undergraate non purchasing major students* College students majoring in purchasing and related majors* College degree in non purchasing major with more than one year purchasing experience* Technical secondary school or equivalent, with more than three years of purchasing experience; Foundation Diploma in purchasing & Supply * Master's Degree * undergraate students majoring in purchasing and related fields* Bachelor degree (non purchasing major) with more than two years of purchasing experience* College degree or above (major in purchasing) with more than two years working experience* College degree or above (non purchasing major) with more than three years working experience* Technical secondary school or equivalent, with more than five years of purchasing experience, Advanced Diploma in purchasing and supply * Master of purchasing and related disciplines, And obtained CIPS level 4 course exemption approval * grade Diploma in purchasing and supply (Level 4) * CIPS Higher Diploma in purchasing and supply (Level 5) * CIPS Executive Diploma in purchasing and supply (Level 7) * Note: 1. Registration qualification refers to those who meet one of the conditions listed above. 2. Candidates can refer to CIPS registration standards or their own ecation and work background to directly apply for CET-4 or below (including CET-4). Starting from level 4, you can only apply for the examination level by level. Participants of CIPS global certification in South China are from: Shenzhen: BYD automobile, Hong Kong China investment, Guanghui oil, Emerson (US), Vanke Real estate, Epson Technology (Shenzhen) - Japan, Rayson plastic packaging, SF express, Philips (Netherlands), Yi international supply chain, yidashi electronics, Dongguang international, Huizhou TCL, Huizhou Dongya electronics, Huizhou Tianmin technology Zhongshan jikuaifu food (US funded), Zhongshan Himalayan plastic, Heyuan Longji group, Finisar - US funded, Tyco Electronics (US funded), Wang shihuagao, xinmar, Bedi Technology (US funded), Hongkong China investment, Hitachi global, Dongsheng Electric machinery, Mingde information (Singapore), Youyi semiconctor (US funded), selcom (Norway), Lexmark printer (US funded), and Lenovo Group, digital China, PetroChina Daqing Oilfield, Sinopec (Maoming), basic life, Burton spices, Dapeng natural gas, Han's laser, etc. Dongguan: Dongguan Ketai electronics, Dongguan liantai clothing, Dongguan Lida wire, Dongguan Pusi Electronics (US), yisheng mold (US), Mattel toys (US)... Guangzhou: oupai furniture, Guangzhou Honda, Jiepu (US) More information can be found on the website
editing the CIPS examination subjects and types
International Certificate in purchasing and supply
principles of purchasing
selecting the right supplier
effective purchasing and supply negotiation
inventory management
principles of purchasing and supply The paper is divided into three parts: A, B and C
Part A: 20 points, including 10 multiple-choice questions with 2 points for each
Part B: 30 points, including 6 short answer questions, 5 points for each question; Each question may be divided into several small questions
Part C: 50 points, including 3 discussion questions. Some of the questions are related to the given case scenarios. Some questions may be divided into several small questions<
International Advanced Certificate in purchasing and supply
lnternational Advanced Certificate in purchasing and supply
Introction to purchasing strategy
Contract and contract management
International Logistics
purchasing and supply performance measurement & 8203<
Diploma in purchasing and supply (Level 4)
Foundation Diploma in purchasing and supply
purchasing law and contract management
purchasing performance management
purchasing and supply relationship management
purchasing environment consists of four questions, each with 25 points. It may consist of four required questions, two required questions and two optional questions. The required questions in this paper are related to the given cases; The answer may be related to the case or irrelevant to the case<
Advanced Diploma in purchasing and supply
(Level 5)
Advanced Diploma in purchasing and supply
risk management and supply chain reliability
improving supply chain performance
> purchasing staff marketing
> warehousing and distribution
> operation management in supply chain<
Graate Diploma in purchasing and supply (Level 6)
Graate Diploma in purchasing and supply
Leadership and influence in purchasing
strategic supply chain management
supply chain management practice
procurement and supply law
project management
financial management for purchasing manager level 6 certificate supply chain management practice To interview, you can also choose the case analysis open book examination or the actual work of the paper. One month before the test, CIPS sends a case to the examinee. In the examination, candidates need to answer 4 required questions according to the case, with 25 points for each question<
Diploma / Master in purchasing and supply (Level 7)
Executive Diploma in purchasing and supply please refer to CIPS website for specific subjects. Please refer to CIPS website for examination methods< The number in the table is two out of three. All levels adopt closed book examination. The examination time of each subject at each level is 3 hours< CIPS is the abbreviation of computer integrated operation system. Meaning is equivalent to CIMS. Certified International Property Specialist (CIPS) certification ecation aims to provide international real estate ecation to high-end practitioners of the real estate instry, and help them realize the renewal of ideas and transformation of thinking. With the development trend of economic globalization and global economic integration, more and more real estate developers will carry out cross-cultural and cross regional exchanges and cooperation with their counterparts in other countries. In order to comply with this trend, more and more real estate developers begin to look for courses on currency exchange, cultural awareness, law and taxation in international business to provide professional ecation. Therefore, the registered international real estate experts (CIPS) came into being to provide professional training for the senior management of the real estate instry, help them overcome cultural and regional barriers, realize cross-cultural and cross-country cooperation, and help them become the most valuable professional helmsman in the international real estate instry. CIPS qualification is directly issued by the National Association of Realtors (NAR), the largest real estate association in the world. It is the most authoritative qualification in international real estate business. At present, there are nearly 1000 CIPS and more than 200 CIPS candidates in the world. On October 7, 2002, the first batch of 16 CIPS qualification winners were born in China. Hundreds of students are studying the curriculum system, and there are many other countries