28 provinces and cities of digital currency
Hello, where are the first batch of pilot cities of the central bank's digital currency? Do you think they are well deserved super first tier cities "Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen"? I want to tell you that it's not all right. Except Shenzhen, the other three cities are Cheng, Suzhou and xiong'an new area. At present, Shenzhen is the earliest city to launch digital currency. On October 9, Shenzhen issued 10 million digital currency. 50000 people, 200 yuan per person, can enjoy the welfare, which is distributed to everyone free of charge through the way of wagging number. Here, I can only envy you. The implementation of digital currency is so fast. The friends in the pilot cities are lucky. I just want to watch you win the lottery
the first batch of pilot cities are selected in these four cities, which is the first step for digital currency to go to the whole country. When it matures in the future, it will be promoted to more pilot cities. So don't worry, just wait. Even if our city is not a pilot, it doesn't matter. Next time it will be our city. The pilot is just to test the stability of the system, and we don't have a great chance to get the red envelope of digital currency. There are so many people in Shenzhen, and only 50000 numbers are selected. Here we would like to express our support and thanks to the cities selected as the pilot cities of digital currency
virtual currency is the electronization of illegal currency, and its original issuer is not the central bank. This kind of virtual currency is mainly limited to circulation in a specific virtual environment. Digital currency can be used for real goods and services transactions, but only the digital currency issued by the state is legal digital currency
in 2013, the central bank, together with five ministries and commissions, issued the notice on preventing the risk of bitcoin, which clearly defined non legal digital currencies such as bitcoin as virtual commodities, not in the form of currency and legal currency< At the same time, digital currency is different from electronic payment. In the actual use experience, digital money and electronic payment may feel similar, but they are still quite different in essence. Before digital currency, the financial instry has been highly informationized. Such as Internet banking, WeChat, Alipay and so on pay the popularization of electronic technology, physical cash accounts for only a very small part of the total circulation of money. In spite of this, because the money used in the transaction comes from the bank account, it actually corresponds to the banknotes.
The digital RMB red envelope of 10 million yuan issued by Shenzhen city has brought the development of e-money back to the people's vision
in fact, since April 2020, small-scale pilot projects of digital RMB have been carried out in Shenzhen, Cheng, Suzhou and xiong'an, and the pilot scale will be expanded to 28 provinces and cities in August 2020
as a socially recognized "super outlet", in addition to the high investment of digital currency related enterprises, its impact on the financial market is also of great research value
Policy evolution of the development of digital RMBas early as 2014, the central bank has concted research layout on digital RMB, and discussed the development framework of digital RMB with major international financial institutions and research institutions in the 2016 digital currency seminar
after six years of development, China has initially developed the "pbctfp blockchain platform" and continuously promoted the pilot activities of digital RMB. It can be predicted that as today's technology and policy outlet, digital RMB will have excellent development prospects and extremely fast development speed in the next few years
Figure 1: Policy Evolution of digital RMB
with the improvement of China's national strength, digital RMB provides an opportunity to establish a "new system of RMB cross border settlement", which can promote RMB payment activities around the world and realize the internationalization of RMB
Generally, the excellent digital currencies are mostly imported procts, such as bitcoin, Leyte coin, ether coin and so on. However, the domestic Yuanbao coin, Ruitai coin, bitcoin and the tokens of different crowdfunding projects of European crowdfunding are excellent digital currencies
digital currency (English: digital currency) is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. At present, no central bank of any government has indicated that it will issue digital currency, and digital currency does not have to have a benchmark currency and a central bank
it is different from the virtual currency in the virtual world, because it can be used for real goods and services transactions, not limited to online games. The early digital currency (digital gold currency) is a form of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. Today's digital currency, such as bitcoin, lightcoin and ppcoin, is an electronic currency created, issued and circulated by check sum cryptography
Digital currency has been issued in some cities in China, but it will take some years for it to be popularized{ RRRRR}
3. It takes a while for digital currency to be popularized in an all-round waydigital currency is to turn paper money into a number that people can see on the Internet, which is more convenient for people to operate as long as we use the mobile phone in our daily life, we can complete a series of commodity transactions without using the Internet. At that time, it will be the real realization of a mobile phone that can travel all over the world
Shenzhen issued 10 million red envelopes of digital currency, which means that currency digitization will be further developed
In fact, for digital currency, the central bank started to make preparations as early as 2014. By 2019, it has been further promoted to the national strategic level, and this year's promotion speed has been significantly accelerated. In fact, this year, major countries around the world have made significant progress in digital currency. In particular, the G7 has decided to cooperate on the issue of central bank digital currency. In fact, the promotion of digital currency plays an important role in the internationalization of RMB. At the same time, digital currency is also the basis of internal and external circulation, especially in the domestic circulation. Digital currency can rece costs and improve efficiency for social management, promote the development of digital economy and big data, and promote the innovation of digital payment instry. In the external circulation, digital currency may become an important means of payment in international trade, and is concive to the formation of a new international trade pattern. From this point of view, digital currency has played a crucial role in the nationalization of RMB. Now Shenzhen is the first pilot of digital currency, which has laid a solid foundation for the promotion of digital currency to the whole country, and this is also the preparation for the internationalization of RMBin a word, Shenzhen issued 10 million red envelopes of digital currency to further promote digital currency
ordinary mechanized mining
most of the deposits are mined by ordinary mechanized methods. Mechanized mining is divided into open-pit mining (including ore and placer) and underground mining. Open pit mining will strip the overlying strata of the ore body, and then mine the ore body from top to bottom. The open-pit mine is open to the surface, and large mining machinery can be used. The operation is safe, the ore loss is less, the dilution rate is low, the proction capacity is large, and the mining cost is low. When the depth of the ore body is large, the thickness of the ore body is small, the stripping workload is large, and the economic benefit is lower than that of underground mining or the need to protect the surface and landscape, the underground mining method is used. This method is often used in nonferrous and rare metal deposits with complex occurrence conditions and small instrial reserves. In recent years, the application of cemented tailings filling mining method in underground mines can effectively protect the surface and deal with tailings pollution. After a large number of open-pit mining has been developed in some countries, with the increase of mining depth and environmental protection requirements, underground mining has an increasing trend< Special mining methods include underground physicochemical mining and marine mining. The physicochemical method is to extract, dissolve or melt the useful components and lift the solution or melt from underground to the ground for extraction. This kind of method has the advantages of low investment, quick effect and good working conditions. It can only be applied to some metal minerals such as copper and uranium, salt, alkali and natural sulfur. There are a lot of useful mineral deposits on the coastal continental shelf and the ocean floor, but the manganese noles on the ocean floor are still in the trial proction stage. The proportion of minerals mined by the whole special mining method is very small
edit the development and mining process of this section
the ore deposit development steps are shown in the figure. The mining of ore deposit includes two major projects: infrastructure development project and proction mining project. A series of roadways or gullies should be excavated to reach the ore body in underground mine development, and a complete mining proction system should be built and put into proction
the main proction process
includes: ① mining, cutting, preparing proction conditions for mining. ② The ore is broken and loaded into transport containers. Underground mining includes ore caving and ore drawing (see underground mining method); Open pit mining includes perforation, blasting and mining and loading operations (see open pit mining method). ③ Transport, transport the ore loaded into transport containers to the concentrator or bin (see mine lifting, mine transport, open pit transport). ④ Manage roadway pressure, shaft pressure, stope pressure and open pit slope. ⑤ In the process of ore transportation, ore is mixed evenly through ore bin and stack to ensure the stable quality of ore. ⑥ The waste rock proced by roadway excavation and stripping is discharged to the waste rock yard
e to the different geological and technical conditions of the deposit, there are many kinds of mining methods. Different mining methods have different mining process, mining machinery and equipment, roadway layout and mining sequence. Improper selection of mining methods will affect the technical indexes and economic benefits of mine proction for a long time. In order to obtain the best economic effect, the appropriate mechanical equipment must be selected for each main proction process<
auxiliary proction process
includes: ① transportation of personnel, materials and equipment; ② Power supply such as electricity and compressed air; ③ Ventilation, st prevention and other labor protection; ④ Drainage and water supply; ⑤ Equipment maintenance and installation; ⑥ Safety and environmental protection; ⑦ Geology, surveying, warehouse management and other auxiliary work< Reference: Network:
Mining http://ke..com/view/22882.html?wtp=tt
the 23 provinces are Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Qinghai, Gansu, Shanxi, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hainan, Taiwan and Guizhou
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Four municipalities: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing
five autonomous regions: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tibet Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
two special administrative regions: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region
provinces: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Qinghai, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Taiwan, Hainan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan
extended data:
the names of some provinces come from
1, and most of Henan is in the south of the Yellow River. In the Western Han Dynasty, there was Henan County, which was the beginning of Henan's name. Most of the Tang Dynasty belonged to Duji Dao and Henan Dao; In Song Dynasty, Jingji road and jingxibei road were set up; Jingai Nanjing Road; In Yuan Dynasty, there were Jiangbei province and Jiangbei Road in Henan Province
It was set up in Henan Province in Ming Dynasty, and then it was changed into the general secretary of Henan Province; In the Qing Dynasty, the name of Henan Province remained unchanged. Kaifeng was set up as the capital of Henan Province, which was later moved to Zhengzhou. Main cities: Zhengzhou, Hebi, Zhoukou, Kaifeng, Luoyang, Shangqiu, Pingdingshan, Anyang, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Xuchang, Nanyang, Xinyang, Puyang and Jiyuan2. Hebei is named after the north of the Yellow River. Most of the Tang Dynasty belonged to Hebei Road, which was the beginning of Hebei. In Song Dynasty, he North Road was set up, and then Hebei East Road and Hebei West Road were set up; Jinfen East Hebei road set up damingfu road; Yuan set Yannan Zhaobei road
Beiping province was set up in Ming Dynasty and later abolished. All the prefectures and Zhili prefectures were directly under the central government, which was called beili; The Qing Dynasty reformed Zhili Province; In 1929, the name of Hebei Province was changed in the Republic of China. Baoding and Tianjin were set up as provincial capitals, and Shijiazhuang was set up after the founding of the people's Republic of China. Main cities: Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Qinhuang, Handan, Xingtai, Baoding, Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Cangzhou3, Beijing
the first recorded name of Beijing is "Ji". From the northern important town in the pre Qin period to the capital of Liao, Jinzhong and Yuan, and then to the city of Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, this city has experienced thousands of years of complex and long evolution
Beijing has long been known as Peking in history. In 1368, after Xu Da, a general under Zhu Yuanzhang, captured the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, he rebuilt the capital. In the second year, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered to change the name of Yuanda to beipingfu, which means "calming down the north and making it peaceful from then on". It was not until 1403, when Zhu Di established his capital in Peking, that he changed his name to Beijing. On October 1, 1949, new China was founded, and Beiping was changed into Beijing The earliest name of Tianjin was guzhai, which was changed to Haijin town in Yuan Dynasty, and was officially called Tianjin in Ming Dynasty. After Zhu Di became emperor, he named the ferry he once passed as "Tianjin"“ Tianjin refers to the ferry“ Tianjin "means" the ferry through which the emperor passes. " Of course, Tianjin is also called "Tianjin Wei". It has something to do with Zhu Di“ "Wei" was the name of the army at that time. Because Tianjin was close to the capital Beijing, it was the gateway of Beijing and was responsible for the task of security. In 1404, Zhu Di set up Tianjin Wei, 10 months later he set up Zuowei, and in 1406 he set up Youwei During the reign of emperor Shun of the Qing Dynasty, the two Wei were merged into Tianjin Wei, and the three Wei were integrated. During the period of the Republic of China, it was the capital of Hebei Province. On January 15, 1949, Tianjin was liberated and officially became a municipality directly under the central government on the day of the founding of new China
5. Shandong is named after the east of Taihang Mountain. Most of the Tang Dynasty belonged to Henan road; In Song Dynasty, Jingdong road was set up and later divided into Jingdong road and Jingxi road; Jingeng mountain east, West Road, named for the beginning of Shandong; In Yuan Dynasty, Shandong east west road was established; In the Ming Dynasty, Shandong Province was set up, and then the Department of Shandong political envoys was changed; The name of Shandong Province has not changed since the Qing Dynasty. Main cities: Jinan, Heze, Binzhou, Qing, Zibo, Zaozhuang, Dongying, Yantai, Weifang, Jining, Tai'an, Weihai, Dezhou, Liaocheng, Linyi, Laiwu, Rizhao
1, Beijing (Beijing)
2, Tianjin (Tianjin)
3, Shanghai (Shanghai)
4, Chongqing (Chongqing)
2, five autonomous regions
1, Inner Mongolia (Inner Mongolia)
2, Uygur Autonomous Region (New)
3, Tibet (Tibet)
4, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (ning)
5 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi)
three, two special administrative regions
1, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong)
2, Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao)
four, 23 provinces
1, Heilongjiang Province (HEI)
2, Jilin Province (Ji)
3, Liaoning Province (Liao)
4, Hebei Province (Ji)
5, Shanxi Province (Jin)
6, Qinghai Province (Qing)
7 Shandong Province (Lu)
8, Henan Province (Yu)
9, Jiangsu Province (Su)
10, Anhui Province (WAN)
11, Zhejiang Province (zhe)
12, Fujian Province (min)
13, Jiangxi Province (GAN)
14, Hunan Province (Xiang)
15, Hubei Province (E)
16, Guangdong Province (Yue)
17, Taiwan Province (Taiwan)
18, Hainan Province (Qiong)
19 Gansu Province (Gansu or Gansu)
20, Shaanxi Province (Shaanxi or Qin)
21, Sichuan Province (Sichuan or Sichuan)
22, Guizhou Province (Guizhou or Guizhou)
23, Yunnan Province (Yunnan or Yunnan)