CCPC digital currency app

2. 1 the framework of legal digital currency needs the participation of non bank payment institutions
there is no unified concept of legal digital currency. The Bank of England defines "digital currency" as "a payment method existing only by electronic means... Which can be used to purchase physical goods and services"... Including "private digital currency" and "digital currency issued by the central bank". Further than the Bank of England, Yao Qian, director of the digital currency Research Institute of the people's Bank of China, made clear the multiple connotations of the central bank's legal digital currency in several public speeches: legal and encrypted credit currency, adopted a series of algorithms, and derived more intelligent functions in the payment function
to this end, the central bank has designed a system architecture of "one currency, two warehouses and three centers", that is, taking digital currency as the center, designing the issuing library and deposit library, matching the certification center, big data analysis center and registration center. The central bank's digital currency is issued by the central bank and circulated in the commercial bank's account. The issuing inventory is put into the people's Bank of China to deposit the digital currency. The deposit bank is the database of the commercial bank to deposit the central bank's digital currency. The authentication center manages the identity of institutions and users in a centralized way; The registration center completes the whole life cycle and ownership registration of the central bank's digital currency; The big data analysis center achieves the goals of anti money laundering, anti terrorist financing, index detection and analysis
as an important node in the framework of legal digital currency, commercial banks play an important role in the circulation of central bank's digital currency. In the case that China's non bank payment institutions have occupied a certain market share, it is a better choice for non bank payment institutions to participate in the framework of digital currency operation as a supplement to commercial banks. The reasons are as follows: first, third-party payment institutions can help commercial banks realize the promotion of legal digital currency. Within commercial banks, there is a competitive relationship between legal digital currency and physical currency. The public tends to convert the digital currency in cash account into traditional currency in exchange for income, so it is difficult to achieve the goal of promoting digital currency by commercial banks; Second, the third-party payment institutions can avoid the repeated construction of payment application scenarios by commercial banks. Different from non bank payment institutions, the current payment scenarios of commercial banks are relatively lack of diversification, which will lead to a waste of resources and the rich experience accumulated by non bank payment institutions; Third, the third-party payment institutions can appropriately rece the operating costs of commercial banks. On the one hand, commercial banks need to upgrade the necessary software and hardware for the central bank's digital money service; On the other hand, we should continue to do a good job in traditional RMB deposit and withdrawal services. The simultaneous operation of the two systems will increase a lot of human and material costs. Fourth, the third-party payment institutions can promote the construction of payment instruments and channel integration of commercial banks. In the framework of legal digital currency, the single payment instruments and complex payment channels provided by commercial banks may rece the enthusiasm of the public to use legal digital currency
2 the emergence of legal digital currency reshapes the role of non bank payment institutions
in the process of cooperation with commercial banks, all kinds of non bank payment institutions play four roles. The first is the role of account manager. Non bank payment institutions can not operate deposit and loan business, and the amount in their payment account is not a deposit, so it is easier for the public to accept the role of non bank payment institutions as "digital wallet". At the same time, non bank payment institutions have rich experience in the development and operation of digital currency wallets and their terminals, which is concive to the smooth management and use of central bank's digital currency, and there is no need to worry about the risk of misappropriation of funds by non bank payment institutions. The second is the role of payment service provider. Non bank payment institutions have a lot of experience in scenario development and operation, including mobile payment, cross-border payment and rural payment, and relatively large market share of scenario based payment. On the one hand, powerful non bank payment institutions can develop a variety of procts based on Intelligent legal digital currency to meet the needs of users' exchange, payment, storage and related derivatives; On the other hand, non bank payment institutions can make use of various scenarios to promote the use of legal digital currency. For example, when consumers want to invest through the central bank's digital currency, non bank payment institutions, with the experience of traditional currency investment and payment services and upgraded digital wallet, can be fully competent as the special payment service provider of digital currency investment. Third, the role of system construction service provider. NPC, the core of national payment and settlement system, and CCPC, the core of provincial payment and settlement system, will continue to play an important role in the framework of legal digital currency. In the long-term coexistence of legal digital currency and traditional currency, NPC and CCPC will be double important nodes. Non bank payment institutions with strong technical ability can be used as secondary verification nodes under the framework of legal digital currency to supplement the multi center and distributed system architecture and continue to dock with NPC and CCPC
3 technical connection between non bank payment institutions and legal digital currency system
the innovation of non bank payment institutions is accompanied by the connection with legal digital currency system, covering the whole process of digital currency generation, storage, use and withdrawal. In this process, the first thing to solve is the docking of basic layer technology and transaction mole. The docking of basic layer technology is reflected in three aspects. First, in terms of basic security technology, non bank payment institutions, as providers of mobile terminal transaction forms, need to apply terminal security mole technology, dock with unified encryption and decryption system, provide carriers for secure storage and encryption and decryption operations, and provide effective basic security protection for digital currency. Secondly, in the aspect of data security technology, non bank payment institutions, as a part of the whole payment system, should adopt the official unified ciphertext + MAC / ciphertext + hash technology to transmit digital currency information, so as to ensure the confidentiality, security and non tamperability of the information. Thirdly, in the aspect of transaction security technology, non bank payment institutions, as the advanced nodes participating in bookkeeping, adopt blind signature technology to ensure the controllable anonymity of digital currency in the process of transaction, and eliminate the possibility of repeated payment through serial number, time stamp and other ways; And through encryption and decryption, digital signature, identity authentication and other anti-counterfeiting ways to ensure the authenticity of the transaction
when docking with the transaction mole, non bank payment institutions should do the following: first, docking with the certification center to obtain relevant digital certificates and user identity information; Second, connect with the trusted service management mole to obtain the use function of digital currency; Third, connect with the issuing system and storage system, and apply for and exchange digital currency through the bank treasury; Fourth, connect with the transaction communication mole to ensure that users can realize online payment through the transaction network in the intelligent terminal based on online transaction communication; Fifth, connect with the registration center, notify and record the flow of digital currency transactions, so as to complete the registration of the central bank's digital currency generation, circulation, checking and extinction process
4 scenario docking between non bank payment institutions and legal digital currency system
scenario docking of non bank payment institutions is based on the transformation of their own roles. Legal digital currency is algorithmic currency and intelligent currency, so business innovation and scenario expansion are the proper meaning of legal digital currency system. Non bank payment institutions can achieve scene docking mainly in four aspects
first, enabling the financial instry and defusing the limitations of financial scenario services. At present, there are some limitations in financial scenario service, such as business modeling is not universal, different agents have different management requirements, and the system docking cost of participants is high. Non bank payment institutions connect with the underlying technology of legal digital currency, and through the research and development of smart contract, establish behavior information such as capital flow, trigger conditions, value change rules, revenue right registration, and corresponding capital information (amount, account, currency, etc.) to resolve the existing limitations of financial scenario service. Non bank payment institutions use the atomic properties of digital currency and the atomic transactions of smart contracts to "assemble" into a business model. It does not need to develop a separate platform for different business scenarios, and avoids the monopoly of the instry platform and the non disclosure of information
Second, expand the use scenarios and improve the user experience. Non bank payment institutions can continue to expand the use scenarios according to the characteristics of legal digital currency on the basis of the existing rich payment scenarios, so as to meet the needs of users' exchange, payment, storage and related derivatives. At the same time, through the aggregation application, users can use the app of non bank payment institutions to dock a large number of scenarios and services
thirdly, improve the security of funds and create a universal digital wallet. Non bank payment institutions can provide digital wallet services, create digital wallets that meet security standards through their own technology, and ensure the security of users' funds. Alternative methods include: the central bank and non bank payment institutions cooperate to develop a unified universal digital wallet application, or authorize several qualified non bank payment institutions to provide universal digital wallet services. The digital wallet can realize the mutual exchange between the user's funds in various commercial banks and the legal digital currency even in the self owned accounts of non bank payment institutions. From the perspective of implementation, at the same time, the traditional account system of commercial banks can also bind the digital currency wallet of non bank payment institutions, so as to achieve the joint management of traditional accounts bound with digital currency wallet
Fourth, help cross-border settlement and build a safe and reliable cross time zone alliance chain. Non bank payment institutions can deeply participate in the cross-border payment system of legal digital currency. Cooperation with commercial banks and central banks can be achieved in at least two aspects. First, payment standards and tools are available. Non bank payment institutions participate in the research and establishment of standards and tools to realize the possibility of technical docking. Second, cross border payment system. The business system led by the central bank and participated by commercial banks and qualified non bank payment institutions will help to realize efficient cross-border payment
5 the legal framework of non bank payment institutions and legal digital currency is connected
a perfect legal system is an important guarantee for the operation of the digital currency system. There are several key questions to answer. First, how to determine the ownership of legal digital currency? This is the basis of all legal acts of legal digital currency. The first way of thinking is that legal digital currency is intangible. As a special movable property, it is applicable to the provisions of the property law. For example, Liu Xiangmin, director of the Department of articles and law of the people's Bank of China, believes that "to solve the problem of ownership transfer of digital currency, we should also focus on the publicity of ownership." The second idea is that digital currency is an electromagnetic record, which is applicable to the law of data transfer and transaction. The essence of digital currency is electromagnetic recording, and the transfer of electromagnetic recording content is recorded in the node of digital currency technology architecture. The change of node records is taken as the standard of ownership transfer. Second, how to protect personal information security? Personal information security is a basic problem in the era of digital economy. In addition to legislation to improve the level of technical security, we should also make clear the main types of legal digital currency system

3. China's modern payment system China's modern payment system (CNAPS) is an application system developed and constructed by the people's Bank of China in accordance with the needs of China's payment and settlement, and by using modern computer technology and communication network, which can efficiently and safely handle all kinds of payment businesses in different places and in the same city handled by banks, as well as fund settlement and money market transactions. It is a public payment and clearing platform for banks and money markets, and an important core support system for the people's Bank of China to play its financial service function. Through the construction of modern payment system, the people's Bank of China will graally form a payment and settlement system in China, which takes China's modern payment system as the core, commercial bank's intra-bank system as the basis, and local clearing houses coexist, supporting the application of various payment instruments and meeting the payment needs of various social economic activities
China's modern payment system has two processing centers, namely national processing center (NPC), provincial capital (capital) and Shenzhen City processing center (CCPC). The national processing center is connected with each city processing center respectively, and its communication network adopts private network, mainly ground communication and satellite communication backup
policy banks and commercial banks are important participants in the payment system. All policy banks and commercial banks can use the intra bank system to connect with the local payment system CCPC through the branches in the provincial capital city, or their head office can connect with the local payment system CCPC. At the same time, in order to solve the problem of small and medium-sized financial institutions' difficulty in settlement and remittance, rural credit cooperatives are allowed to build their own remittance system, which is handled according to the connection mode between commercial banks and payment system; In order to deal with the bank draft business of city commercial banks, they should develop the bank draft processing center of city commercial banks according to the requirements of the payment system, and handle the transfer of bank draft funds and the settlement of cashing funds relying on the payment system
the central bank accounting system (ABS) is an important basis for the operation of modern payment system. In order to effectively support the construction and operation of the payment system, strengthen the accounting management, and improve the quality and efficiency of accounting, the accounting of the central bank will be graally centralized. First, the accounting of the county branches will be centralized to the sub branches in the city center, and the centralized accounting system of the sub branches in the city center will be remotely connected with the payment system CCPC. The Treasury accounting system (TBS) of prefecture level (including) or above treasury departments can be directly connected to CCPC to handle the transfer of treasury business funds through the payment system
in order to effectively support the open market operation, bond issuance and cashing, and the capital clearing of bond transactions, the open market operation system, bond issuance system, and central bond bookkeeping system are physically connected with the payment system NPC through an interface to process the RMB capital clearing of their transactions. In order to ensure the timely clearing of foreign exchange trading funds, the foreign exchange trading center is connected with the payment system Shanghai CCPC to process the clearing of RMB funds in foreign exchange trading, and download the national interbank lending and return business data for the central bank's paired management of interbank lending business
in order to meet the needs of all kinds of payment business processing, the modern payment system under construction is composed of HVPS and HepS
the large amount payment system implements real-time processing one by one to clear the funds in full. The purpose of building large sum payment system is to provide fast, efficient, safe and reliable payment and clearing services for banks, enterprises and financial markets, and to prevent payment risks. At the same time, the system plays an important role for the central bank to implement monetary policy more flexibly and effectively. The system deals with large amount credit and emergency small amount credit payment business in the same city and other places, between and within commercial banks, and the credit payment business of the people's Bank of China
the small batch payment system can offset multiple payments within a certain period of time to clear the fund net. The purpose of building small batch payment system is to provide low-cost and large amount of payment and clearing services for the society, support the use of various payment services, and meet the needs of various social economic activities. The system deals with the inter-bank regular debit and credit payment business intercepted by paper vouchers in the same city and other places, the debit payment business handled by the accounting and treasury departments of the central bank, and the micro credit payment business with each amount below the specified starting point. The small batch payment system adopts batch sending of payment instructions to offset the net settlement funds
the national check image exchange system is a business processing system that uses image technology to convert physical checks into check image information and transmit the image information to the drawer's Bank to prompt payment through computer and network. It is another important financial infrastructure of the people's Bank of China after the completion of the large and small payment system. The image exchange system is positioned to process the inter-bank and intra-bank check image information exchange of banking institutions, and its fund clearing is processed through the micro payment system of the people's Bank of China covering the whole country. The processing of check image business is divided into two stages: image information exchange and business receipt processing; The withdrawing bank sends the receipt to the presenting bank through the micropayment system to complete the payment
according to the common practice all over the world, the basic principle is to convert physical checks into check image information by using computer image technology, and transfer the check image information to the business processing system of the drawer's Bank to prompt payment through the network, so as to realize the nationwide application of checks. This paper discusses some key technologies involved in the system< The seal of bank customer is an important evidence and basis for a variety of bank business, and its legal basis is the bill law of the people's Republic of China promulgated and implemented in 1996. The traditional seal comparison method is manual corner check, and its two biggest weaknesses are: 1. Low accuracy; 2; 2. It is impossible to realize universal deposit and withdrawal. In particular, the latter weakness has become a bottleneck restricting the development of banking business. In the national check image exchange system, the withdrawal bank gets the electronic image of the check, which is basically unable to check the angle manually. Therefore, it is a foregone conclusion that manual corner checking will graally withdraw from the historical stage
in order to make up for the shortage of manual corner checking, electronic printing verification technology based on pattern recognition and image processing technology has emerged. Electronic seal verification is the use of computer to realize the automatic identification of seal. Its basic principle is: through the camera, digital camera or scanner and other image acquisition equipment, the customer's reserved seal image is collected into the computer, and the electronic standard seal is formed through specific image processing algorithm. Electronic standard seals generally have the characteristics of structure information, high fidelity and low storage space (several kByte / seal). These characteristics provide necessary conditions for large-scale digital storage and low-cost network transmission of reserved seal. During seal verification, the seal to be tested is collected into the computer through the image acquisition equipment, and the computer calls out the corresponding electronic standard seal. After preprocessing, location, segmentation, registration and image processing algorithm, the computer automatically gives the conclusion of the authenticity of the seal to be tested
there are also some components or controls on the market that provide electronic seal verification function. For example, rsimage, a COM component, provides a seal comparison function. If you want to have a perceptual understanding of electronic verification, you can get a demo from bankseal.51.com< Second, Bill microfilm
bank bills are required to be kept for a long time, however, it is very difficult to retrieve them from a large number of bills. If the bill image can be compressed and stored in digital media by using image compression technology, it will be very convenient to retrieve and save. The traditional bill microfilm system uses the optical tower as the storage device and the high-speed scanner as the image acquisition device, and generally exists independently. With the development of high-capacity hard disk technology and image compression technology, hard disk storage is now the main method. With the promotion of the national check image exchange system and the bank's own electronic verification system, the bill micro system can directly obtain the bill image from these two systems, which saves a lot of links. The current mainstream bill image compression formats include JPEG based on cosine transform and JPEG 2000 based on wavelet transform. The commercial COM component rsimage provides the bill image compression function< There are the following ways to collect the bill image into the computer: camera, digital camera, flat scanner, high-speed scanner and bill sorter. Among them, the flat-panel scanner has the highest accuracy, the lowest price, good consistency, but the speed is slow, so it is suitable for the occasions with less bills. For the occasion of batch acquisition or high speed requirements, cameras, digital cameras and high-speed scanners can be selected. Manufacturers of image acquisition equipment generally follow Twain international standards, which makes driver development more universal. The commercial COM component rstwaincom provides a general Twain driver< 4. Identification of bill elements
bill elements include amount, account number, bill number, date, etc. some of these elements are printed, while others are handwritten. The elements of bill are strictly regulated. In manual processing, it is a headache to input and fill in the bill elements. Under the background of the national check image exchange system, this problem will become more prominent, because it takes a long time for the staff to adapt from looking at the paper to looking at the screen. Therefore, it is one of the key technologies to identify bill elements automatically by pattern recognition. As we all know, in the bank's computer system, the most widely used of course is the database technology and computer network technology. So, image processing and pattern recognition technology is another kind of computer technology, its application is not mainstream, but still occupies a place< (5) identification of altered bills is a common means for criminals to commit crimes. The resolution of human eyes is limited, some clues are difficult to detect. The computer can intelligently judge whether the bill has been altered according to the information of texture, stroke and context< 6. Computer aided recognition of handwritten signature
according to the bill law of the people's Republic of China, both handwritten signature and seal can be used as the basis for issuing bills. Under the current technical means, it is difficult to recognize the handwritten signature automatically, but the computer can still do some auxiliary work, such as: handwritten signature storage, network transmission, display and key stroke feature extraction< 7. Payment password
the people's Bank of China issued the "national check image exchange system business processing measures", which pointed out: "the withdrawing bank can confirm the payment of check image information by means of seal verification or payment password verification." Payment password is also known as variable code seal. Its basic principle is: when issuing a bill, the bank customer inputs the amount, account number, bill number, date and other information on the proprietary hardware or software, calculates a series of numbers, and fills them in the bill as the basis for issuing the bill. The commercial COM component rssecurity provides the payment password based on the 256 bit key AES
in addition to the payment password, the password envelope is also a