How many private keys of digital currency
digital currency is an unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of a specific virtual community. More generally speaking, digital currency is actually a commodity
just like gold, it took more than 200 years to be graally recognized by the world. In the early days, many people questioned gold's ability to store value. If we take digital currency as a substitute, people's questioning attitude towards gold in the past is equivalent to many people's attitude towards digital currency now
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digital currency is a balance between financial security and innovation ability. Financial instry should have clear access threshold. Digital currency involves finance, so it must have clear access threshold. The enterprise qualification of blockchain and digital currency needs to be reviewed and an access system set. One of the core of supervision is that blockchain enterprises must have qualified technical personnel
for example, enterprises of different levels in the construction instry need different levels and numbers of registered structural engineers to ensure the safety of buildings and bridges, which can also be used for reference in the supervision of digital currency. In addition, investors need to refer to the requirements of the "measures for the appropriateness of securities and futures investors" issued by the CSRC, and only those who meet certain conditions can participate in the investment
Digital cryptocurrency is a kind of currency that is not issued by legal tender institutions and controlled by the central bank. It is based on the open source code of a group of equations calculated by computers all over the world, and is generated by a large number of calculation processing of computer graphics card and CPU. It uses the design of cryptography to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation
development materials:
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definition of digital currency:
digital currency is abbreviated as digiccy, which is the abbreviation of "digital currency" in English and the alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and cryptocurrency belong to digiccy< br />
anmao wallet
anmao wallet is a light wallet developed by Hangzhou anmao blockchain Technology Co., Ltd., which saves storage space compared with the full node wallet. And it is a multi currency Cross Chain Wallet, which supports BTC, BCH, LTC, ETH, etc, dash and erc-20 series of tokens. At present, it is the most complete currency digital currency wallet in the true sense
anmao wallet is the only digital currency wallet that supports Chinese mnemonics. It is composed of 12 Chinese characters, which is convenient for memory and in line with Chinese reading habits
the biggest feature of anmao wallet is that it well applies the scalability of light wallet. While managing a variety of digital assets, it has embedded DAPP list and anmao fishpond mining game. The tokens are directly stored in the wallet, which is convenient, labor-saving and interesting. It can be said that it is a wallet that will make money
with embedded Android block browser, each transaction can be queried in real time by using transaction address, block height and transaction ID, which is accurate
there are also market and information DAPP, a multi-functional digital currency wallet
deficiency: no trading function
imtoken
imtoken is a digital currency wallet that supports eth, erc-20 token, bitcoin HD wallet, isolation witness, EOS and other tokens in EOS main network. A set of mnemonics can create wallet accounts in multiple currencies, thus saying goodbye to the complicated backup management. It is a Multi Chain Wallet
imtoken supports the sending and receiving of digital currency and the currency transaction of Ethernet series. With the help of blockchain intelligent contract, it does not need to trust a third party to complete the currency exchange directly at the mobile terminal. Token management function is easy to operate, automatically discover tokens, and no need to add them manually; It supports one click search and can easily view and manage multiple tokens
the private key of imtoken is self-contained, which further guarantees the security
deficiency: imtoken only supports digital currency based on eth main chain, and tokens of its own public chain such as BTC and CTC cannot be stored. It only supports eth as a service charge when transferring, which has some limitations
bitpai
bitpai wallet is a new generation of blockchain asset comprehensive service platform developed by bitpai team, which is based on HD wallet technology, multi signature and on chain transaction. It can easily and safely use digital currency and easily send and receive bitcoin on bitpai. At present, the main supported currencies are BTC, BTC, ETH, some erc2.0 tokens, qtum, HSR, dash, safe, LTC, LCH, Zec, etc and Doge
bitpai supports multi address coin issuing, built-in OTC and exchange (third-party service), and can trade with users from all over the world, which is more suitable for professional users of coin circle who trade frequently and have OTC demand
in terms of security, the user controls the private key, and after the transaction, the coin is directly kept by the user. If it does not operate for a long time, bitpie will automatically lock, further improving the security of the wallet
deficiency: for initial users, too many and complex functions are a kind of burden. They only need to send and receive digital currency simply. Too many complex functions increase the learning time cost of users and affect the experience of wallet users
wheat wallet
wheat wallet is a digital wallet that supports eth, Neo and EOS token at the same time. It has built-in face, voiceprint, living body and other biometric technologies to ensure asset security, which is unique in the current wallet
wheat wallet supports the interfaces of mainstream exchanges such as coin an, fire coin, gateio and okex to automatically obtain position data
the UI design of wheat wallet has a good experience for users in human-computer interaction, interface logic and beautiful interface. The first operation can know the functional process, in an intuitive way to let users understand how to interact with the software, the interface design has a wheat uniform style
deficiency: there are few supported currencies. In the application mole, each application or active section is the width of a mobile phone screen, with a maximum of 2.5 applications displayed on the same screen. Although it looks very generous and beautiful, it will be cumbersome to find an application, and it needs to slide down continuously
atoken
atoken is a mobile wallet supporting multi currency cross chain exchange, which is safe and convenient. At present, it supports BTC, LTC, ETH, etc, Doge, EOS and other main chain currencies; BCD, BTG, BCH, SBTC, etc; Support all tokens of Ethereum erc20
users hold their own private key, which is stored in app with multiple encryption. They do not access the server in any form, and no one else can touch your digital assets; The wallet adopts 5-layer HD, horizontal isolation and vertical defense architecture; Pbkdf2, sha-512 and other encryption algorithms are used. At the same time, atoken implements the transaction acceleration function of wallet and supports the transaction acceleration of bitcoin and Ethereum
deficiency: there is no market information in the wallet, so it is inconvenient for users to use
let's express it in a straightforward way,
take the bank card as an example: the address is your bank card number, and others can transfer money to you through the address,
the wallet is your private bank, our money is deposited in the bank in life, and in the blockchain, our money has its own & quot; Small bank & quot Wallet)
the private key is your bank card password. You need the password when you transfer it out, but this password can only be kept by yourself. You can't retrieve it or reset it. If you lose it, you will lose the ownership of the wallet.
I hope it will be useful to you
Many small white just admission, was the private key, public key, address, and other relations confused. Some of them even lost their private key. They had money on the address, but they just couldn't get it out. Today, Xiao will try to figure out the relationship between the private key, the public key and the address
The relationship among < H2 > private key, public key and address is as follows:the private key is converted into (generated) public key, and then converted into address. If there is bitcoin or integrity coin on an address, the private key converted into the address can be used to spend the above integrity coin. The generation of public key and address depends on private key, so private key is the most important
mobile wallet is the same, but the file management method of mobile phone is not as convenient as computer. Therefore, the general mobile wallet will provide a function called or similar to "export private key". Through this function, the private key can be exported in various forms
for example, bitcoin mobile wallet can be exported as a two-dimensional code, which can be printed or scanned on paper. When replacing a mobile phone, install a bitcoin wallet and scan the QR code to migrate bitcoin. Bitcoin mobile wallet and trustcoin mobile wallet can be exported as a clear text string and printed on paper - this is paper wallet
paper wallet allows users to spend your bitcoin or trustcoin at any terminal with bitcoin or trustcoin wallet
because the wallet is lost or damaged, the private key will be lost, and the transfer right of the digital currency will be lost completely. To prevent such tragedies, you should always back up the data in your wallet. In addition to the address, all the private keys are saved ring the backup
< H2 > summary-
the private key should be protected to prevent loss and forgetting. When the mobile phone clears the information, it is best to it by hand, but do not disclose it
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you should prevent your wallet from being lost or damaged, resulting in the loss of your private key and the loss of the transfer right of digital currency. Otherwise, you will not be able to withdraw more money, which is not useless
Personal recommended choice and digital hardware wallet, its biggest feature is two words: security
Heshu wallet is a heavyweight hardware proct developed by Heshu software based on blockchain. Its core function is security and convenience. The security is reflected in the use of encryption chip in the hardware, and the convenience is reflected in the built-in many global mainstream exchanges. It can exchange digital assets anytime and anywhere, giving users convenience. And it can withdraw money from ATM all over the world< br />
1. Bitcoin
the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009. According to the idea of Nakamoto, the open source software is designed and released, and the P2P network on it is constructed. Bitcoin is a virtual encrypted digital currency in the form of P2P. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
2. Litecoin (LTC) is an improved version of digital currency inspired by bitcoin. It was designed and implemented by a programmer who worked in Google. It was released on November 9, 2011. Lightcoin and bitcoin have the same implementation principle in technology, but the creation and transfer of lightcoin is based on an open source encryption protocol, which is not managed by any central organization
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characteristics of bitcoin currency:
1. Decentralization: bitcoin is the first distributed virtual currency, and the whole network is composed of users without a central bank. Decentralization is the guarantee of bitcoin's security and freedom
2. Global circulation: bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet. No matter where you are, anyone can dig, buy, sell or collect bitcoin
3. Exclusive ownership: private key is needed to control bitcoin, which can be stored in any storage medium in isolation. No one can get it except the user himself
4. Low transaction cost: bitcoin can be remitted free of charge, but a transaction fee of about 1 bitfen will be charged for each transaction to ensure faster transaction execution
in addition to bitcoin, there are also well-known digital currencies such as Leyte coin and Ruitai coin.
coinbase transaction is a special transaction that generates bitcoin "out of thin air". Only miners can write this kind of transaction, and the number of generated bitcoin is limited by rules (new currency reced by half for every 210000 blocks + transaction fee for this block)
however, the rules do not stipulate that the miner must take away all the rewards that can be taken, and can choose not to take them
therefore, a mine pool connected with the RSK side chain has made a bug before, forgetting to take away the reward and occupying a pit in a block for nothing, which is equivalent to destroying the corresponding amount of bitcoin, making the total amount of bitcoin decrease a little bit permanently
in addition, to spend a bitcoin, you only need to specify the transaction ID and output serial number
as like as two peas in multiple blocks repeatedly write identical coinbase transactions, the transaction ID is also repeated.
therefore, this kind of situation also occupies the pit of a block in vain, and permanently destroys the corresponding amount of bitcoin
it seems to me that this is still a security vulnerability, so the new version of bitcoin software later banned the writing of repeated coinbase transactions. But until now, there has been no ban on miners not getting their e rewards
generally speaking, a coin is controlled by a private key. If a coin is transferred to an address where no one knows the private key, it will be destroyed
if the owner does a good job in security, and the private key is not disclosed and cannot be guessed, but he accidentally loses the private key, it is equivalent to destroying all the coins he owns
there are only some special circumstances that require intentional destruction of coins
one is irreversibly converted into another kind of currency, such as the contract currency XCP attached to bitcoin and wormhole cash WHC attached to BCH
the second is to save certificates and data on the chain, such as the time stamp: panbiao.com/2013/08 /
and the crowd funding of the original Ethereum founding team: zhuanlan.hu.com/p/29
the private key is essentially a big number. Whoever knows this number can control the currency on the corresponding address. So the private key must be generated with reliable random number, otherwise it may be guessed and stolen
compared with the token, the address is the hash of the public key. There is no way to judge whether an address has a corresponding public key and private key (even if the public key is known, the corresponding private key cannot be known). Therefore, even if it is explicitly the address of "burned" token, the system does not prohibit the transfer in
strictly speaking, what locks the currency is a small program (script). This program takes the input as the public key and digital signature. First, check whether the public key hash is consistent, and then check whether the digital signature is valid. If it is valid, it will be verified and transfer is allowed; Otherwise, it will be judged that the transaction is illegal and refuse to package into the chain
it is the whole node software that explains and executes this program. It can be said that the software code of the whole node specifically defines a coin
however, the current situation is very embarrassing. Most miners do not run the whole node, only a few mines are running. The vast majority of users do not run the whole node, even if they run the whole node, they can only perform verification, no computing power, no block.